Directory_and_Chronicle_1923 — Page 1468

PHILIPPINE ISLANDS

Named in honour of PHILIP II, King of Spain.

LOCATION

Lying to the south-east of the great continent of Asia and occupying much the sanie position as the West Indies in North America, the Philippine Islands, a vast archipelago, extend between the meridians of 116° 40′ and 126° 34′ East Longitude, and between the parallels of 4° 40′ and 21° 10′ North Latitude. They are bounded on the north and west by the China Sea, on the east by the Pacific Ocean, and on the south by the Celebes Sea. They lie about 600 miles off the coast of China. The northern- most group is but a short distance south of the Japanese island of Formosa, while the southernmost extremities reach close to Borneo and the Celebes,

AREA AND POPULATION

The total area of the Philippine Islands is 114,400 square miles. This is largǝr than the states of New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania and Delaware put together.

The Philippine Archipelago is composed of 7,083 islands, of which 2,411 are named and 4,612 are not. There are 11 important islands, each of which has an area of more than 1,000 square miles. Luzon has an area of 40,814 square miles; Mindanao, 36,906; Samar, 5,124, Negros, 4,903; Palawan, 4,500; Panay, 4,448; Mindoro, 3,794; Leyte, 2,799; Cebu, 1,695; Bohol, 1,534; and Masbate, 1,255.

The Philippine Archipelago is divided into three great groups of islands designated as Luzon, the Visayas, and Mindanao. Luzon includes the provinces of Abra, Albay, Bataan, Batangas, Bulacan, Cagayan, Camarines Norte, Camarines Sur, Cavite, Ilocos Norte, Ilocos Sur, Isabela, Laguna, La Union, Mountain Province, Nueva Ecija, Nueva Vizcaya, Pampanga, Pangasinan, Rizal, Sorsogon, Tarlac, Tayabas and Zambales, and the island-provinces of Batanes, Marinduque, Masbate and Mindoro. The second group, the Visayas, is made up of the provinces of Antique, Capiz and Iloilo, on the island of Panay; Occidental Negros and Oriental Negros, on the island of Negros; and the individual island-provinces of Bohol, Cebu, Leyte, Romblon, Samar and Palawan The third group, Mindanao, is made up of the provinces of Agusan, Bukidnon, Cotabato, Davao, Lanao, Misamis, Surigao, Zamboanga, and a cluster of islands forming the province of Sulu.

According to the Philippine Census of 1918, the total population is 10,314,310 chiefly of the Malay race, 914 per cent. of whom are Christians receiving the benefits of the blending of the Oriental, the Spanish, and the American civilizations. This part of the population includes 9,400,283 Filipinos; 43,212 Chinese; 6,731 Americans; 6,636 Japanese; 4,071 Spaniards; 993 English; 304 Germans; 207 French; 138 Swiss; and 1,156 of other nationalities. Only 886,991, or 8 per cent., are Moros and pagans, but even these are fast taking advantage of the all-pervading systein of public schools.

PHYSICAL FEATURES

The Philippines is a group of islands varying in size from Luzon, which is practically as large as Belgium, the Netherlands and Denmark combined, to the nameless islets rising just a few feet above the water. The coastline includes many fertile coastal plains. Added to these are the Central Plain, the Cagayan and Bicol Valleys of Luzon; the Central Plain of Panay; and the Agusan and Cotabato Valleys of Mindanao. Most of the large islands are crossed by well-defined ranges, running, as a rule, in a north and south direction; Mount Apo, in south-eastern Mindanao, is the highest peak, with an altitude of 9,610 feet.

The principal part of the group comes within the range of the typhoons, and violent storms are of frequent occurrence during the so-called rainy season. The islands are also the centre of great volcanic action. "The destructive ravages and changes produced by earthquakes," says Sir John Bowring, writing in 1859, “are nowhere more remarkable than in the Philippines. They have overturned mountains, they have filled up valleys,