CHINA
593
they concluded agreements with the Chinese Government for the construction of the following lines.
From Taonanfu to Jehol.
Changchun to Taonanfu.
Kirin to Kaiyuan via Hailung.
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a point on the Taonanfu-Jehol Railway to a seaport
Also from Tsinanfu, Shantung province, to Shunteh in Chihli.
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Kaomi, Shantung province, to Hsuchow in Kiangsu.
The Manchuria Group of lines ignores the Chinchow-Aigun agreement held by Americans, which, however, is apparently regarded now as a dead letter.
Great diversity exists on Chinese Railways in the type of locomotives used, due to the fact that the funds for constructing the various railways were furnished by different foreign markets, and in many of the loan agreements it is stated by implication, at least, that, other things being equal, the country that makes the loan should enjoy preference in furnishing the material for construction.
Statement of revenue of principal railways in 1918 :-
Name of Line
Peking-Hankow
Peking-Mukden
Tientsin-Pukow
Shanghai-Nanking
Shanghai-Hangchow-Ningpo
Peking-Suiyuan
Chengting-Taiyuan
Taokow-Chinghua
Kaifeng-Honan
Kirin-Changchun
Chuchow-Pinghsiang
Canton-Kowloon
Canton-Samshai
Revenues
Expenses
18,750,636.11
7,009,225.63
16,996,642.09
6,529,967.69
10,560,944.92
5,378,013.14
4,179,808.68
4,203,245.60
2,170,110.54
1,761,839.52
3,718,001.68
2,548,202.39
2,527,620 85
1,284,966.54
936,263.23
385,798.06
1,365,622.90
632,646.91
1,087,170.26
754,273.67
611,086.75
502,916.99
924,673.43
967,341.81
(Not reported)
51,122.23 63,873,703.67
Changchow-Amoy
......
Chinese Government Railway
82,126.55 30,040,564,50
The following list of railways, open and under construction, shows the progress which has been made in twenty years in improving communications in China:-
1. Chinese Eastern Railway (Tung Ching), 5-foot gauge. and thence east and west to the Russian frontier, 1,077 miles.
2. Tsitsihar Light Railway (Ang-ang-chi), metre gauge. with the Chinese Eastern Railway at Ang-ang-chi, 17 miles. Constructed by a British engineer.
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Kuanchengtzu to Harbin Under Russian control. Connecting Tsitsihar Opened August, 1909.
3. South Manchurian Railway. Under Japanese control. Main line: Dairen (Dalny) to Kuanchengtzu (11⁄2 miles beyond Changchun), 439 miles; double line. Branches: (1) Choushuitzu to Port Arthur, 31 miles. (2) Tashihkiao to Yinkow (Newchwang), 17 miles, inclusive of the new section from Niuchiatun to Yingkow, which was opened in November, 1909. (3) Yentai to Taikang, 10 miles. (4) Suchiatun to Fushun, 344 miles, to the coal mines. (5) Mukden to Antung, 2 feet 6 inches gauge, 187 miles.
3a. Kirin-Chanchun, 80 miles. Chinese Government Railway managed by Japanese in connection with South Manchurian Railway. Supingkai-Chengchiatun work com- menced by Chinese with capital furnished by Japan.
4. Peking-Mukden line. The earliest railway system in China; formerly known as Imperial Railways of North China. British engineers, Chinese and British capital. Main line: Peking to Mukden (Ching-Feng), 523 miles. The last section, Hsinmintun to Mukden, was purchased from the Japanese in 1907. Branches: (1) Peking to Tung- chow, 14 miles. (2) Peking to Lukowkião, 4 miles, connecting with the Peking-Hankow Railway. (3) Kowpangtze to Yingkow (Newchwang); 57 miles. (4) Tientsin to Hsiku, 3 miles. A branch from Tangho to Chinwangtao, 6 miles, belongs to and is controlled by the Chinese Engineering and Mining Company (British).
5. Peking-Suiyuan Railway 226 miles. Chinese capital and Chinese engineers. Opened to Kalgan in September, 1909. Kalgan to Tatung, 191 miles. Opened March, 1915. Tatung to Fengchen, 37 miles, opened. Fengtai to Kalgan, 211 miles. Branch- Hsichimen to Mentoukow, 27 miles.
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