1286
NETHERLANDS-INDIA
Tea
Tin
...
...
...
...
...
•
...
Sugar, molasses Sugar, other kinds Tapioca (flour) Tapioca (root)
...
...
...
...
...
34,110,363 2,429
kilo value Fl. 1,426,638
238
""
"}
19,792,340
..
3,166,776
132,130
""
""
6,607
...
...
...
...
...
...
29,958,144
""
""
""
17,849,268
...
11,584,476 5,259,232
"
38,576,305
19
""
""
10,991,795
...
...
8,049,401 325,522
""
""
""
28,501,836
99
>>
:
:
11
325,522 1,976,681
...
74,273
1,184 m.
""
""
37,138
3
""
>>
106,125
....
...
""
Tin ore
Tobacco (diff, sorts)
Tripang
Victuals (diff. sorts).
Wood (sandal)
Wood (teak)
Wood (other kinds)
...
738,509
Diamonds are found in Borneo; gold in Sumatra, Celebes and Borneo; silver in Sumatra, Celebes and Borneo, copper in Java, Celebes and Borneo, iron in Celebes, Sumatra, Borneo and Java; tin of excellent quality and in large quantities in Banka, Billiton, and Singkep, and in small quantities in Sumatra and some other islands, lead in Sumatra and Borneo, zinc in small quantities in Java and Sumatra, coal in Borneo, Sumatra, and Java, manganese in Java, jodium in Java, saltpetre in Java, marble in Java and in Sumatra. Salt of excellent quality is produced in Madoera and also in the other islands, by evaporation of the sea water. Kerosene oil is produced in abundance in Java, Sumatra, and Borneo, and gives enormous profits.
The possession of the soil by the natives is strongly protected by law. As a gene- ral rule the ground cannot be sold to forcigners, not even to Dutchmen, nor to their descendants who are born in India. The Government is authorized to dispose of un- cultivated grounds and grant parts of them for a certain period to foreigners (erfpacht). On the 31st December, 1905, the stock of cattle in Java and Madoera consisted of 2,186,993 buffaloes, 2,654,461 other horned cattle, and 363,974 horses (ponies).
REVENUE AND FINANCE
The revenue of the colony is derived from different taxes, viz., import and export duties, excise, ground tax, capitation tax as an equivalent for abolished Statute Labour of natives, personal tax, income tax, war-tax, slaughter tax, licences, succession duties, stamp duties, duty on public sales, transfer and assignment duty, the rent of farms (pawnbrokers' shops, etc., etc.), monopolies (opium, salt, pawnshops), tin mines, forests, railways, mining, and agricultural concessions, the cultivation of coffee, and sundry petty articles. In former years the cultivation of coffee was the principal source of revenue, but of late years there has been a constant decrease. In the Residencies in Java (except Batavia, Bantam, Cheribon, Rembang, Soerabaja, Ban- joemas, Soerakarta and Djokjakarta), where the ground is suitable for the cultiva- tion of coffee, a certain number of natives are obliged to plant every year a number of coffee trees, to take care of the plantations, to dry the fruit, and to deliver it into the Government godowns. They are therefore free of ground tax and receive a renumera- tion at the fixed rate of fifteen guilders per picul.
In Java and Madoera (except the district of Grobogan, residency Semarang), in the Residencies Sumatra's Westkust, Tapanoeli, Benkoelen, Lampongsche Districten, Palembang, and Banka en Onderhoorigheden, in the Government Oostkust van Sumatra and the Assistant-Residency Billiton, and in the residencies Zuider-en Oosterafdeeling van Borneo, and Westerafdeeling van Borneo private persons are not allowed to make salt.
In all those districts the import of salt is forbidden, except of fine table salt, salt for medical use and mineral salt, the import of which is allowed on payment of a duty. The import of rough salt for preserves, packed with those preserves, is allowed, but only in a quantity necessary for the purpose. Rough salt may be imported in the ports of Sibolga and Baros (Tapangeli), Djambi, Tandjoeng Pandan (Billiton), and in the Government Oostkust van Sumatra, also on payment of a duty. Salt for indus- trial purposes may be imported, after being made unfit for consumption, on payment of duty in the ports of Batavia, Cheribon, Togal, Pekalongan, Semarang, Sourabaja, Tjilatjap. Padang, Palembang, Belawan Deli, Bangkalan Brandan, Sibolga, Tandjong Balai and Balikpapan.
The salt required for the Government monopoly is made in Madoera, where the people are obliged to deliver it into the Government godowns at a fixed rate per kojang.
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