Directory_and_Chronicle_1919 — Page 646

588

PEI-TAI-HO AND CHINGWANGTAO-NEWCHWANG

DIRECTORY

BUTTERFIELD & SWIRE (John Swire &

Sons, Ld.)-Tel. Ad: Swire

(Agent in residence during the Winter

season only); Address: Tientsin

Agencies

China Navigation Co., Ld.

Ocean Steamship Co., Ld.

China Mutual S. N. Co., Ld.

關海島王秦 Hai.kvian

CHINESE MARITIME CUSTOMS

Commissioner-F. W. Maze (stationed

at Tientsin)

Actg. Commr.-E. Le Bas

Chinese Assistant-Lo Ch'i-ming

Act.Asst.Tidesurveyor-W. M£F.Robb

Examiner A. W. Oliver Asst. Examiner S. Shields

Tidewaiters-G. P. J. Breen, T. J.

Macaulay, H. S. Markham

FORBES & Co., WILLIAM-Tel. Ad: Rinchee,

Chinwangtao

KAILAN MINING ADMINISTRATION

Ad: Maishan

Tel.

R. A. McConaghy, agent and engineer J.W. Nolan, shipping clerk and acct. W. Roberts, harbour master

J. Phillips, traffic inspector Dr. D. D. Muir, medical officer J. Rickerby, weighbridge office

P. Lemoing, assistant harbour master

NEWCHWANG

莊牛 口營

Niu-chwang Ying-kow

Newchwang, in latitude 40 deg. 40 min. 38 sec. N., longitude 122 deg. 15 min. 30 sec. E. was opened to foreign trade in May, 1864, and was for more than forty years theonly Treaty port in Manchuria. Manchuria comprises the three Provinces of Fêngtien, Kirin and Heilungchiang, and is commonly called by the Chinese the "Tung San Sheng "or the Three Eastern Provinces. Newchwang is situated in the most southern of these three pro- vinces-Fêngtien, also known as Shêng Ching-and lies about thirteen miles from the mouth of the Liao River, which empties into the Gulf of Liaotung, a continuation of the Gulf of Pechili. The proper name of the port is Yingkow, and not Newchwang, which is situated 90 li (30 miles) further up the river. The old town of Newchwang was designated by Treaty to be opened to trade, but the first foreigners finding Ying- kow more conveniently situated, and more adapted in every respect for the purposes of trade, quietly installed themselves there and got over the difficulty by the simple process of changing the name of Yingkow into that of Newchwang!

The country in the immediate vicinity of the port is flat and unpicturesque in the extreme, and the town itself has nothing in the way of attractions for the traveller. The climate, from the foreigner's point of view, is one of the best in China, the sum- mers being comparatively cool, while the winters are cold and bracing. The hottest summer temperature rarely exceeds 85,(Fahr.), but cold blasts from the North pull down the "mercury" in winter months often to 10° and 15° below zero (Fahr.). The river is generally frozen over for three months of the year, but navigation is practically suspended for four months, from December to the following April. Formerly New- chwang was shut off from the rest of the world during winter, but the advent of rail- ways has changed all this. The Government Railways of North China, through their branch line from Koupangtzu, maintain daily communication with Tientsin, Peking and Mukden; and the South Manchurian Railway, through its branch line from Tashih- chiao, maintains daily communication with Dalny, Port Arthur, Mukden, Tiehling and Changchun. At the latter place the Chinese Eastern Railway connects for Harbin and Europe by the Trans-Siberian Railway.

The Chinese population of Yingkow is estimated at 52,000 and the foreign popula- tion numbers about 3,000, a large proportion being Japanese,