CHINA
529
The railways contemplated were as follows, though it was provided that if they were not feasible equal mileage should be allotted elsewhere in China:
1.-From Fengcheng in Shansi Province to Ningsia in Kansu Province. 2. From Ningsia in Kansu Province to Lanchowfu in Kansu Province.
3. From Hangchow in Chekiang Province to Wenchow in Chekiang Province. 4. From Hengehowfu in Hunan Province to Nanning in Kwangsi Province.
5. From Lu wei in Kwangtung Province to Chungchow in Kwangtung Province-
These lines were to be built upon a percentage basis as initiated by Pauling & Company in their Shasi-Shingyifu railway agreement. Negotiations, however, were inter- rupted for various reasons, but now the survey of 1,600 miles of railway is to be commenced.
During the past two years the Japanese have shown an unwonted interest in the railway development of Manchuria and Mongolia, as well as Shantung, and during 1918 they concluded agreements with the Chinese Government for the construction of the following lines.
From Taonanfu to Jehol.
"
Changchun to Taonanfu.
Kirin to Kaiyuan via Hailung.
a point on the Taonanfu-Jehol Railway to a seaport.
Also from Tsinanfu, Shantung province, to Shunteh in Chihli.
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Kaomi, Shantung province, to Hsuchow in Kiangsu.
The Manchuria Group of lines ignores the Chinchow-Aigun agreement held by Americans, which, however, is apparently regarded now as a dead letter.
Great diversity exists on Chinese Railways in the type of locomotives used, due to the fact that the funds for constructing the various railways were furnished by different foreign markets, and in many of the loan agreements it is stated by implication, at least, that other things being equal the country that makes the loan should enjoy preference in furnishing the material for construction.
Statement of revenue of principal railways in 1916:-
Revenue
Line
Peking-Hankow....
Peking-Mukden......
Tientsin-Pukow
Chengting-Taiyuan
Taokow-Chinghua
Canton-Kowloon
Peking-Suiyuan
Chuchou-Pingshang.
20,150,000,00
Increase 3,008,905,00
Decrease
14,362,296,00
915,635,00
9,492,348,00
963,310,00
2,154,000,00
81,000,00
827,100,00
193,700,00
788,763,00
46,722,00
3,960,300,00
346,806,00
738,545,00
61,110,00
The following list of railways, open and under construction, shows the progress which has been made in fifteen years in improving communications in China:-
1. Chinese Eastern Railway (Tung Ching), 5-foot gauge. and thence east and west to the Russian frontier, 1,077 miles.
2. Tsitsihar Light Railway (Ang-ang-chi), metre gauge. with the Chinese Eastern Railway at Ang-ang-chi, 17 miles. Constructed by a British engineer.
Kuanchengtzu to Harbin Under Russian control. Connecting Tsitsihar Opened August, 1909.
3. South Manchurian Railway. Under Japanese control. Main line: Dairen (Dalny) to Kuanchengtzu (14 miles beyond Changchun), 439 miles; double line. Branches: (1) Choushuitzu to Port Arthur, 314 miles. (2) Tashihkiao to Yinkow (Newchwang), 17 miles, inclusive of the new section from Niuchiatun to Yingkow, which was opened in November, 1909. (3) Yentai to Taikang, 10 miles. (4) Suchiatun to Fushun, 34 miles, to the coal mines. (5) Mukden to Antung, 2 feet 6 inches gauge, 187 miles.
3a. Kirin-Chanchun, 80 miles. Managed by Japanese in connection with South Manchurian Railway. Supingkai-Chengchiatun work commenced by Chinese with capital furnished by Japan.
4. Imperial Railways of North China. The earliest railway system in China, British engineers, Chinese_ and British capital. Main line: Peking to Mukden (Ching- Feng), 523 miles. The last section, Hsinmintun to Mukden, was purchased from the Japanese in 1907. Branches: (1) Peking to Tungchow, 14 miles. (2) Peking to Lukow-
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