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CHINA
AREA AND POPULATION
China proper, extending over 1,335,841 square miles, is divided into eighteen provinces. According to the latest official estimates the area and population of the various provinces are as follows:-
Anhui
Chekiang
Chihli
Fukien
Honan
Hunan
Hupeh
Kansu
Kiangsi.
Kiangsu
Kuangsi
Kuangtung
Kueichow...
Shansi
Shantung.
Shensi
Szechuen
Kirin ...
Province,
Heilungkiang (Manchuria).
Yunnan.
Totals
Sinkiang
Manchu Military Organization Dependencies.
Tibet (Chinese Estimate)
Total...
Area, square miles.
Minchengpu Census, 1910.
Pop. per
square mile.
54,825
17,300,000
315
36,680
17 000,000
463.
115,830
32,571,000
281
46,332
13,100,000
282.
67,954
25,600,000
376
83,398
23,600,000
282
71,428
24,900,000
349
125,483
5,000,000
40
69,498
14,500,000
208:
38,610
17,300,000
448
77,220
6,500,000
84.
100,000
27,700,000
277
67,182
11,300,000
168
81,853
10,000,000
122
55,984
29,600,000
528
75,290
8,800,000
116:
218,533
23,000,000
105-
363,700
14,917,000
41
146,714
8,500,000
58
1,896,495
331,188,000
174
2,491,000
1,700,000
760,000
6,500,000
342,639,000
It is to be noted that the Chinese census, following all Oriental methods of calculation, is not to be trusted. There is no subject on which foreign and native statisticians are more contentious than that of the Chinese population. Experts vary in their estimates between 250,000,000 and 440,000,000.
Of
The total number of foreigners in China was ascertained in 1910 to be 141,868. these 65,434 were Japanese, 49,395 Russian, 10,140 British, 4,106 Germans, 3,377 Portu- guese, 3, 176 Americans, and 1,925 French, other nationalities being represented by less than 2,100. The number of Europeans has been somewhat reduced by the great war, but it is safe to say that the total of Japanese residents in China is considerably larger than in 1910. In the year 1907 the Imperial Maritime Customs compiled a table which showed the number of commercial firms to be 2,595. Japan headed the list with 1,416, followed by the United Kingdom with 490, Germany with 239, America with 112, France with 94, Portugal with 51, Spain with 40, Italy with 21, Russia with 20, Austria-Hungary and the Netherlands each with 17, Denmark with 14, Norway with 9, Belgium with 6, and Sweden and a non-Treaty Power each with 1; but, as the British Commercial Attaché has remarked, much depends on the definition and status of a commercial firm.
The principal dependencies of China have been Mongolia, with an area of 1,288,035 square miles, and some 2,000,000 people; and Manchuria, with an area of 362,312 square miles, and an estimated population of 17,000,000. Outer Mongolia in 1912. asserted her independence of Chinese sovereignty, and obtained the formal recognition of Russia, but under the Russo-Chinese Treaty concluded in 1915. the suzerainty of China was recognised and the autonomy of Outer. Mongolia agreed to. Inner Mongolia is a dependency of China. Manchuria has in recent years been steadily and rapidly colonised by Chinese, who greatly outnumber the Manchus in their own land. Tibet, which is also practically a dependency of
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