HONGKONG
1083
Mean temperature
Mean maximum
Mean minimum
56.0 64.5
58.0
66.7
73.5
Bar. Mean pressure
Maximum
Minimum
Jan. Feb. March April May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Year .30.159 30.132 30.055 29.958 29.803 29.764 29.738 29.755 29.824 29.982 30.103 30.181 29.956 30.367 30.390 30.308 30.158 30.045 29.880 29-882 29.851 92.984 30.157 30,311 30.444 30 444 .20.686 29.421 29.552 20.576 29.447 29.284 28762 29.83 28.876 20.089 29.575 29.757 28.762 50.7 57.7 62.2 69.0 76.6 80.7 81.6 81.0 844 76.2 09.2 62.4 71.5 64.1 61.7 66.4 74.5 81.2 85.2
86.0 85.3 80.7 74.3 67.5 76.1 58.3 67.0
86.2
77.4
78.0
77.3
76.6 72.5 85.3
Maximum
70.2 79.0 $2.1
88.6
91.5
93.6
94.0
92 0
94.0
93.8 85.6
81.9 94.0
Minimum
32,0
40.3 45.9
55.6
61.1
69.2
72 1
71 6
65.6
60.8
50.6
40.7 32.0
Mean daily range
8.1
7.2
7.4
7.7
7.7
7.8
8.2
8.7
8.7
8.3
9.0
9.2 8.2
Mean humidity
74
79
84
85
83
83
83
83
77
71
65
64 87
Mean raiu
1.545
2.001
2.991
5.980 13.159 16 496
14.210
13.482
$ $33
5.794
Maximum in 24 hours.
3.920
2.185
3.580
5.210 20.495 12 630
13.180
0.555
5.855
10.190
Mean max. in 24 hours 0.688
0.710
1.160
2.256 4.844
Maximum in 1 hour
0.510
0525
1 570
2420
3.400
Mean max. in 1 hour
0.188
0.249
94
0.484 37
1.018 88
1.406 94
4.433 3.973 3.267 2.550 3480 2.140 1.369 1.333 1.187
96
79
73
1.302 0985 $6.867 5875 01.70 20.458 2.951 2743 0343 0.522 8.649 1720 1,004
44
20
Hours of rain
Wind direction
Wind velocity mean Maximum
Hours of sunshine
1.650 1,620 0500 3.480 0.702 0.285 0.165 2.116 34 838 E15°N E14°N E8°N E2°N EI'S $39°E S43oE $23oE EL'N 21°N E29°N E27°N E3og
14.4 15.0 165
14.0
13.5 12.5 11.2 9.6 12.2 E 14.7 13.8 12.7 13.4 46
53
49 40
42 48 103
66
85 49 63 108 136.7 77.7 79.5 110.7 152.1 155.4 197.6 197.2 200.1 214.5 196.2 189.7 190.4
Four successive years of comparative drought, 1898-1901, led to the assumption that the rainfall of Hongkong is decreasing. But such is not the case; the mean annual rainfal! for the period 1902-11 was 84.21 inches against 68.29 inches for the period 1895- 1901. The rainfall has never been so heavy as in the period 1888-1894, however, when the mean annual fall was 101-08 inches.
TRADE
Hongkong is a free port, and there is no complete official return of the imports and exports compiled, but the value of its trade is estimated at about £50,000,000 per annum. During the year 1911 the following tonnage entered and cleared with cargoes :—
Vessels. Tons.
NATIONALITY
CLEARED
NATIONALITY
ENTERED
CLEARED
ENTERED
Vessels. Tous.
Vessels. Tons. Vessels. Tons.
American
€3
Austrian
24
British
5,142
Chinese
442
238.95 94,0 5,554.361 200,190
05 24
215.051
No Flag.
158
172.740
12:3
122,231
96,380
Norwegian
211
54.116
78
32,570
Chinese Junks.. 9,514
929,156
5,171 437 10,324
5,524,935
Portuguese
20
53.00
18
49,604
307,183
Russian
12
23.800
11
22.811
1,172.240
Swedish
641
28,857
669
29,624
Danish
15
42.816
15
42.816
Dutch..
ՋՈ
2/1.842
120
219,364
Steamshipsum-
der CO tons
French
444
511,808
145
510,060
trading to 1,560
68,162 1,584
GS,603
German
606
1,068,400
503
947.980
Italian
12
3'.183
12
Japanese
491 1,332,110
31,158 381 1,071,888
ports outside the Colony..)
A total of 17,877 vessels of 10,629,794 tons entered, and 18,416 vessels of 10,438,054 tons cleared with cargoes. There also entered in ballast 4,798 vessels of 303,635 tons, and 3,887 vessels of 1,091,625 tons cleared in ballast. A Parliamentary paper issued in August, 1905, showed Hongkong to be, in respect of tonnage, the largest shipping port in the world. The trade chiefly consists opium, cotton, sugar, salt, flour, oil, cotton and woollen goods, cotton yarn, matches, metals, earthenware, amber, ivory, sandalwood, betel, vegetables, granite, &c., &c. There is an extensive Chinese passenger trade, chiefly restricted, however, to the Straits Settlements, Netherlands India, Borneo, the Philippines, Siam, and Indo-China.
Hongkong possesses unrivalled steam communication. The P. && O. S. N. Co, and the M. M. Co, convey European mails weekly, the Norddeutscher Lloyd C'o, maintain a regular fortnightly mail service between Bremen and Hongkong, the P. M. S. S. Co., O. & O. S. S. Co, and the Toyo Kisen Kaisha maintain a mail service with San Francisco, the Canadian Pacific Railway Co. a regular mail service with Vancouver, B. C.; a regular line has been established by the Bank Line to Victoria, Vancouver. Seattle and to Tacoma, and the same line maintains regular services to New York and Africa: the Eastern and Australian S.S,Co., the Australian Oriental Line and the Norddeutscher Lloyd keep up a regular monthly service with the Australian Colonies, and the Ninnon Yusen Kaisha maintain services to Europe, Australia, and the United States (Seattle) In addition to all these, several great lines of merchant steamers run between ports in Great Britain and Hongkong, of which the China Mutual S. S. Co., Ocean S. S. Co. and the Glen, Bank, Mogul, Ben, Royal Mail. Shire, and Shell lines are the most conspicuous. The Austrian Lloyd's steamers also ply from Trieste to Hongkong, those of the Hamburg-Amerika line from Hamburg, and the Navigazione Generale Italiana Company's steamers run monthly from Genoa. Regular steam communication between Java and Hongkong has been established by the Java-China-Japan Line. Between the ports on the east coast of China, Formosa and Hongkong the steamers of the Douglas S. S. Co. ply regularly twice a week, and those of the Osaka Shosen Kaisha weekly, and there is constant, steam communication
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