NETHERLANDS INDIA
The export of the principal articles in 1903 amounted to:
Rice (bras). Do. (paddy). Coffee Sugar Tea
...
...
...
Pepper, white Pepper, black
Tobacco..
•
...
***
•
...
...
...
---
·
...
707
36,626,335 kilo
2,106,678 39,762,776 865,394,587
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} value fl. 3,767,968
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22,733,940
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""
69,231,567
...
•
9,676,564 1,832,142 12,241,335
29
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5,805,938
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***
53,234,764
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916,071 4,896,534 41,832,884
Nutmegs
Gambier
Kapok...
Copra
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Sago
...
...
2,523,958
"
""
""
2,523,958
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8,218,146
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19
""
5,095,991
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""
""
...
...
74,008,665
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99
99
2,054,537 1,528,798 11,101,300
...
20,875,081
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""
1,440,349
Indigo...
Chinchona Gom damar
Gom kopal...
...
1,116,293
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"}
"}
2,846,900
•
6,490,781
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"}
"}
5,192,625
•
4,955,733
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"}
1,982,294
9,599,133
2,399,784
Gombenzoin
Caoutchouc
Gutta percha
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...
1,299,018
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""
""
1,299,018
...
669,299
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""
""
1,338,598
790,293
>>
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1,580,586
3,422,864
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!
...
Different sorts of Gutta...
3,422,864
Diamonds are found in Borneo, gold in Borneo, Sumatra, Celebes, and Timor, plati- num in Borneo, silver in small quantities in Borneo and Sumatra, copper in Timor and Borneo, iron in Celebes, Sumatra, and Borneo, tin of excellent quality and in large quantities in Banka, Billiton, and the Carimon islands and of inferior quality in some other islands, lead in Sumatra and Borneo, zinc in small quantities in Sumatra, coal in Borneo and Sumatra in Java and in Batjan, jodium and naptha in Java, saltpetre in Java, marble in Java and especially in Sumatra. Salt is produced in Madoera of excellent quality, and also in the other islands, by evaporation of the sea water. Kero- sene oil is produced in abundance in Java and Sumatra, gives enormous profits, and is also found in Borneo.
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The possession of the soil by the natives is strongly protected by law. As a gene- ral rule the ground cannot be sold to foreigners, not even to Dutchmen, nor to their descendants who are born in India. The Government is authorized to dispose of un- cultivated grounds and grant parts of them for a certain period to foreigners (erfpacht). On the 31st December, 1900, the stock of cattle in Java and Madoera consisted of 2,436,031 buffaloes, 2,654,809 other horned cattle, and 418,400 horses (ponies).
REVENUE, FINANCES
The revenue of the colony is derived from different taxes, viz., export and import duties, excise, ground tax, licences, poll tax, succession duties and stamp duties, the ront of farms (opium, gambling-houses, pawn-brokers' shops, etc., etc.), monopolies (opium, salt), tin mines, forests, railways, mining, and agricultural concessions, the culti- vation of coffee, and sundry petty articles. In former years the cultivation of coffee was the principal source of revenue, but of late years there has been a constant decrease. In the residencies in Java (except Batavia, Bantam, Cheribon, Rembang, Soerabaja, Ban- joemas, Soreakarta and Djokjakarta), where the ground is suitable for the cultivation of coffee, a certain number of natives are obliged to plant every year a number of coffee trees, to take care of the plantations, to dry the fruit, and to deliver it into the Government godowns. They are therefore free of ground tax and receive a remunera- tion at the fixed rate of fifteen guilders per picul.
In nearly all the residencies of Java and Madoera, in Sumatra (except Acheen and dependencies), in Banka, Billiton, and Borneo, private persons are not allowed to make nor to import salt. Fine table salt, salt for medicinal use, and salt wanted for packing preserves, can be imported on payment of a duty. The large bulk of the salt that is wanted for the Government monopoly is made in Madoera, where the people are obliged to deliver the salt into the Government godowns at the fixed rate of ten guilders per kojan (1,853 kilogrammes).
After a trial in Madoera (since September 1st, 1894), Lombok and in four residencies of Java, in 1898 the Government resolved upon taking the management of the monopoly into its own hands and to sell the drug on the system of a "régie
régie" to
23*
Original from UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN
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