Directory_and_Chronicle_1904 — Page 852

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SHANGHAI

436 in the English division, 4,510 in Hongkew, 828 in Western district, outside roads and ootung. Of these 3,181 were males, 1,776 females, and 1,817 children, against 1,086 ales, 296 females, and 291 children in 1876; 1,775 males, 1,011 females and 887 nildren in 1885 ; and 2,068 males, 1,227 females, and 1,389 children in 1895, an increase f 45 per cent. during the latter five years, against 23 per cent. during the previous ve. At the beginning of 1902 the foreign population exclusive of the French Settle- ent was estimated at 7,000. The fluctuations in the foreign population have been ery remarkable. Between 1870 and 1880 the number of adult males decreased, while the next five years it increased by over fifty per cent. In the nine years, 1876 to 385, the whole foreign population more than doubled, but in the next five years it howed an increase of only 148, of whom 144 were children. The increase has een greatest in Hongkew, where the population is twelve times what it was in 376, whereas that of the British Settlement is only 84 greater than in 1885. The reign population of the French Concession on 15th June, 1900, was 282 males, 45 females, and 195 children, a total of 622 against 430 in 1895 and 444 in 1890. curious fact is that of children under fifteen in the French Settlement only 26 were ales, while 136 were females in 1895, and 52 were males and 143 females 1 1900. The proportion of different nationalities in all the settlements was 1 1900, 2,762 British, 1,013 Portuguese, 654 German and Austrian, 575 American, 394 rench, 113 Spanish, 77 Danish, 66 Italian, 109 Swedish and Norwegian, 50 Russian, 51 of various other European nationalities, 63 Eurasians (those in the Anglo-American ettlement, 519, are included under various nationalities), 831 Japanese, 323 Indians, nd 174 Manilamen and other Asiatics. While the adult foreign male population ad increased only 150 per cent. since the census of 1870, the number of women had een multiplied over eight and of children nearly eleven times. These figures do not clude the population afloat, which at the date of the last census was 1,253, against 306 in 1895, 1,009 in 1890 and 893 in 1885. Although the Chinese have no right i residence within the Foreign Settlement, and indeed were expressly prohibited by e original Land Regulations, some twenty thousand sought refuge within the bound- ries from the rebels in 1854, and when the city was besieged by the Taipings in 1860 here were, it is said, at least five hundred thousand natives within the Settlements. s they found some amenities from "squeezing" when under the protection of foreign- s, and foreigners themselves being able to obtain a much higher rental for their nd, and finding native house property a very profitable investment, no opposition was ade to their residence. In 1870 there were in the three Settlements 75,047; in 1880, 07,812; in 1890, 168,129, in 1895, 240,995. The numbers by the last census (May, 900) were, in the British Settlement 115,150, in Hongkew 147,566, in Western istrict 36,992, in Foreign Houses, Mills, etc., in both Settlements 10,384, villages nd huts within the limits 23,853, in shipping and boats 11,331, total 345,276, an crease of 43 per cent. in the last against 43 per cent. in the previous five years. he estimated native population in 1902 was 350,000. The native population of the rench Concession in 1900 was 80,526 (against 45,758 in 1895 and 34,722 in 1890), le boat population 4,120 and in transit 7,000; say a total for the three Settlements and Hoat of 436,922, more than half of whom are adult males. This rapid increase has ccurred notwithstanding that rents have risen from thirty to sixty and in some cases ven one hundred per cent., and that provisions and cost of living generally both of atives and foreigners has increased. The majority are immigrants from other rovinces who followed in the wake of foreigners attracted by the high wages paid to cilled and unskilled labour required for the many industries. The population of the ative city is estimated at 183,000 The large congregation of natives in e Settlements and the outlying roads is kept in admirable order by a Police force ↑ 83 Europeans, 168 Indians, and 571 natives for the north of the Yang-king- ang and 42 Europeans and 106 natives for the French Concession, or about one onstable for every 425 inhabitants. As the natives have to be tried by their own uthorities, and bribery doubtless works its effects in Shanghai as elsewhere in hina, the difficulties of organizing and efficiently working such a small force are onsiderable. In few places are life and property more secure, In August, 1899, the aptain Superintendent stated that twenty-four hours had passed without one defaulter eing reported, an unique police experience for any city in the world of its population.

CLIMATE

The climate of Shanghai is generally allowed to be fairly healthy. The death ste amongst foreigners ashore and afloat during the past two decades has ranged om 16.4 per thousand (in 1897) to 26.7 per thousand (in 1882). The rate in 1902 as unfortunately higher than it has ever been before, being no less than 34.6 per