120 IMMIGRATION AND COMMERCIAL TREATIES BETWEEN THE U. S. & CHINA
to reside; and reciprocally, Chinese subjects may enjoy the same privileges and immunities in the United States.
Art. VIII. The United States, always disclaiming and discouraging all prac- tices of unnecessary dictation and intervention by one nation in the affairs or domestic administration of another, do hereby freely disclaim and disavow any intention or right to intervenc in the domestic administration of China in regard to the construc- tion of railroads, telegraphs, or other material internal improvements. On the other hand, His Majesty the Emperor of China reserves to himself the right to decide the time and minner and circumstances of introducing such improvements within his dominions. With this mutual understanding it is agreed by the contracting parties that, if at any time hereafter his Imperial Majesty shall determine to construct, or cause to be constructed, works of the character mentioned within the Empire, and shall make application to the United States or any other Western Power for facilities to carry out that policy, the United States will in that case designate or authorize suitable engineers to be employed by the Chinese Government, and will recommeud to other nations an equal compliance with such applications; the Chinese Government in that case protecting such engineers in their persons and property, and paying them a reasonable compensation for their services.
In faith whereof, the respective Plenipotentiaries have signed this treaty and thereto affixed the seals of their arms.
Done at Washington, the twenty-eighth day of July, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and sixty-eight.
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WILLIAM H. SEWARD. ANSON BURLINGAME. CHIH KANG. SUN CHIA-KU.
IMMIGRATION AND COMMERCIAL TREATIES BETWEEN
THE UNITED STATES AND CHINA
SIGNED AT PEKING, IN THE ENGLISH AND CHINESE LANGUAGES,
ON THE 17TH NOVEMBER, 1880
The Immigration Treaty
Whereas, in the eighth year of Hien Fung, Anno Domini 1858, a treaty of peace and friendship was concluded between the United States of America and China, and to which were added in the seventh year of Tung Chi, Anno Domini 1868, certain supplementary articles to the advantage of both parties, which supplementary articles were to be perpetually observed and obeyed; and
Whereas the Government of the United States, because of the constantly in- creasing immigration of Chinese labourers to the territory of the United States, and the embarrassments consequent upon such immigration, now desires to negotiate a modification of the existing treaties which will not be in direct contravention of their spirit; now, therefore, the President of the United States of America appoints James B. Angell, of Michigan; John F. Swift, of California; and William H. Trescott, of South Carolina, as his Commissioners Plenipotentiary; and His Imperial Majesty the Emperor of China has appointed Pao Chun, a member of His Imperial Majesty's Privy Council and Superintendent of the Board of Civil Office, and Li Hung Tsao, a member of His Imperial Majesty's Privy Council, as his Commissioners Plenipo- tentiary; and the said Commissioners Plenipotentiary, having conjointly examined their full powers, and having discussed the points of possible modifications iu existing treaties, have agreed upon the following articles in modification:-
Art. I.-Whenever, in the opinion of the Government of the United States, the coming of Chinese labourers to the United States, or their residence therein, affects,
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