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29
JAPAN
The Imports in 1899 are classified by the Department of Finance as Alcohol....
.....Yen 2,060,800 Kerosine Oil
Arms, Munitions, Clocks, &c. Beans
Beverages and Comestibles... Clothing and Accessories Cotton Goods
Cotton, Raw
3,424,533 Locomotive Engines...... 8,822,111 Machinery
15
Yen 7,918,149
1,968,374
"}
3,458,988 Metals & Metal Manufs..
""
3,913,089
3
4,228,592
895,736 Oils and Waxes
1,014,949
>>
5,228,757 Oil-cakes
6,791,813
19
62,210,716 Paper and Stationery
2,539,852
>>
Cotton Yarn
99
4,963,326 Rice
5,960,166
Drugs, Chemicals & Medicines
Dyes, Colours and Paints Flax, Hemp, &c.
Flour
5,383,113 Shirtings
4,173,279
"}
2,317,433 Silk and Silk Manufactures...
""
2,974,090
""
3,285,965 Sugar....
""
17,645,230
"
1,370,857 Tobacco
Glass and Glass Manufactures
31
Grains and Seeds
>>
1,417,753 Wines, Liquors and Spirits... 1,128,597 Wool and Woollen Goods
6,016,032 610,100
,, 13,990,186
Horns, Ivory, Skins, Hairs,
Shells, &c....
Re-imports
"
350,942
2,463,730
Indigo
2,903,829
Iron and Steel
"
15,469,75
,, 13,501,085
Yen 220,401,926
The total Shipping, including júnks, from and to Foreign countries, for the year
Sundries
1899 was-
Entered
Tonnage Cleared
Tonnage Total
Tonnage
Steamers
Sailing Vessels
2,240 1,163
3,439,666
108,828
2,324 1,225
3,584,114
4,564
7,023,780
193,602
2,388
362,430
3,777,716
6,952
7,386,210
3,403 3,608,494 3,549
2,438 steamers of 4,670,401 tons and 41 sailing vessels of 16,344 tons entered, and 2,365 steamers of 4,524,723 tons and 42 sailing vessels of 14,137 tons cleared in the coast trade between the open ports. Of this tonnage employed coastwise the majority was under the British and Japanese flags. The merchant vessels entered from Foreign countries in 1899 were divided among the different nationalities as under :-
Strs. Tonnage Sailing Tonnage Total Tonnage
Japanese (excluding Junks).. 1,014
1,236,334
439
46,002
1,483
1,282,334
British
573
1,225,982
48
72,242
621
1,298,226
German
174
252,199
14
29,077
188
281,276
Russian
166
274,093
23
2,261
189
276,357
United States of America
75
157,575
15
11,510
90
169,085
Norwegian
105
135,145
105
135,145
French......
28
59,627
28
59,627
Austrian
20
46,671
20
46,671
Other Countries
55
52,040
1
157
56
52,197
2,240 3,439,666
540
161,252 2,780 3,600,918
The total Customs Revenue for the same year consisted of-Export Duties yen 971,012; Import Duties, yen 13,251,832; Miscellaneous, yen 441,629; Total, yen 14,664,473. The revenue has more than doubled since 1896.
By treaties made with a number of foreign Governments the Japanese ports of Kanagawa (Yokohama), Nagasaki, Kobe, Hakodate, Niigata, and the cities of Tokyo (formerly called Yedo) and Osaka were thrown open to foreign commerce. In 1894 a new treaty was signed with Great Britain by which extraterritoriality was abolished and the whole country opened to foreign trade and residence, the treaty to come into force in July, 1899, provided similar treaties were effected with the other Powers. This was done and extraterritoriality ceased to exist on August 4th, 1899.
Railways are being rapidly pushed forward, the mileage having risen from 2,136 miles in March, 1894, to 4,200 miles in March, 1899. The State owns 1,000 miles of the above 4,200 miles of railway.
CURRENCY
From October 1897, Japan placed her currency on a gold basis. The unit of value is a gold dollar weighing .8333 grammes and containing .75 grammes of fine gold. The conversion from silver to gold was effected at the ratio of 1 to 32.348.
EDUCATION
Education is very general in Japan, and is making great progress. There are numerous Middle Schools, Normal Schools, and Colleges for special studies, such as Law, Science, Medicine, Mining, Agriculture, and Foreign Languages, and several Female High
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