... ""
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"
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""
467,521
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99
7,015,959
10
JAPAN
The Imports from various Foreign Countries in 1893 are classified by the Imperial Bureau of Revenue as :- Arms, Machinery, &c. Beverages and Provisions Books and Stationery Clocks and Watches Clothing and Apparel Cotton, Raw Cotton Yarn Cotton Piece Goods
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19
Drugs, Medicines, & Chemicals,, Dyes and Paints
Flax, Hemp, and Manufs. of Glass and Glass Ware Grain (Rice, Beans, &c.)
710,914 Silk Manufactures 16,151,570 Sugar
7,284,243 Textile Fabrics, Miscellaneous 5,795,015 Tobacco, Cigars & Cigarettes 3,309,451 Vessels
1,817,949 Wines and Liquors
Yen 4,411,982 Kerosine Oil
995,214 Metals and Manufactures of 735,059 Oil and Wax (ex. Kerosine)..
Yen 4,401,041
"}
6,792,024
99
327,650
742,704 Oil-cakes
"}
599,893
"
301,920
""
11,564,419
558,549
473,639
881,308
461,091
558,435 Wool and Manufactures of...
Sundries
""
8,304,240
99
2,168,483.
Hair, Horns, Ivory, Skin, &c.
1,426,896
Yen 88,257,172
1,660
Sailing Vessels......
170
2,214,220 121,120
1,439
2,430 2,335,340
The total Shipping, from and to Foreign countries, for the year 1893 was-
Entered Tonnage Cleared Tonnage Total
Steamers
Tonnage
809
1,881,124 3,099
111,457
4,095,344
1,579
232,577
2,248
4,678 4,327,921
1,992,581
Of which 745 steamers and 204 sailing vessels entered, and 119 steamers and 89 sailing vessels cleared in ballast. 1,259 steamers of 2,025,640 tons and 20 sailing vessels of 29,161 tons entered, and 1,464 steamers of 2,335,146 tons and 21 sailing vessels of 30,424 tons cleared in the coast trade between the open ports. Of this tonnage employed coastwise 60 per cent. was under the British flag and 25 per cent. Japanese vessels employed in foreign trade. The merchant vessels entered from Foreign countries in, 1893 were divided among the different nationalities as under :--
Strs. Tonnage Sailing Tonnage ......696 1,258,305
Total Tonnage
British
81
49,533
777 1,307,838
Japanese (excluding Junks) ...386
318,163
56
10,926
442
329,089
German
.311
268,873
9
10,812
320
279,685
United States of America...... 37
86,886
60
33,029
97
119,914
Norwegian
..104
92,767
104
92,767
French
26
58,528
1
1,320
27
59,848
Russian
49
57,531
49
57,531
Austrian
23
54.490
23
54,490
Other Countries
28
18,677
3
2,670
31
21,347
1,660 2,214,220
210
108,289 1,870 2,322,509
The total Customs Revenue for the same year consisting of-Export Duties yen 1,772,920; Import Duties, yen 3,098,627; Miscellaneous, yen 134,665; Total, yen 5,006,212, a slight decline from the previous year. The revenue has doubled since
1884.
By treaties made with a number of foreign Governments the Japanese ports of Kanagawa (Yokohama), Nagasaki, Kobe, Hakodate, Niigata, and the cities of Tokyo (formerly called Yedo) and Osaka were thrown open to foreign commerce.
In 1894 a new treaty was signed with Great Britain by which extraterritoriality is abolished and the whole country opened to foreign trade and residence, but it does not come into force for five years, nor then, unless similar treaties be effected with the other Powers.
Railways in Japan are now being rapidly pushed forward. The first railway constructed was the one connecting Yokohama with Tokyo; it is 18 miles long and was opened for traffic as a single road on the 12th June, 1872, and was completed as a double line throughout on the 8th May, 1880. There are now over 1,800 miles of railway open in Japan. The principal line in point of importance is what is known as the Tokaido Railway, which now unites Tokyo with Kobe, vid Yokohama, Shizuoka, Nagoya, Kyoto, and Osaka. The North-Eastern Railway runs from Tokyo to Aomori, a port on the northern coast, and is 454 miles in length. The last section, from Morioka to Aomori, was opened to traffic on the 3rd September, 1891. Other lines are in course of construc- tion, some of which will ultimately complete the chain of communication from the extreme north of Hondo to Nagasaki in the south. In 1892 the Diet passed a law giving power to the Government to construct a network of state railways which will ultimately
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