NEWCHWANG
Newchwang is the most northerly port in China open to foreign trade. It is situated in the province of Shing-king, in Manchuria. It is called by the natives Ying-tz, and lies about thirteen miles from the mouth of the river Liao, which falls into the Gulf of Liao-tung, a continuation of the Gulf of Pechili.
Before the port was opened, comparatively little was known of this part of the Central Kingdom. Manchuria has since, however, been largely colonised by the Chinese, who now outnumber the natives. The word Ying-tz means military station, and that was the only use formerly made of the port. Between the years 1858 and 1860, the British fleet assembled in Ta-lien-wan Bay, and early in 1861 the foreign settlement was established. The town of Newchwang itself is distant from Ying-tz about thirty miles, and is a sparsely populated, uninteresting, and unimportant place.
The country about the port of Newchwang is bare and desolate, and in sailing up the river a most cheerless prospect greets the traveller's eye. Ying-tz is surrounded by dreary marshes, and the land under cultivation produces principally Beans. The river is closed by ice for more than three months every year, during which period the residents are entirely cut off from the outer world. The climate, however, is healthy and bracing. The population of the place is estimated at 60,000.
The chief articles of trade at the port are Beans and Bean-cake, 1,916,877 piculs of the former and 1,893,334 piculs of the latter being exported in 1889, as against 2,651,068 piculs and 1,865,384 piculs respectively in 1888. The net quantity of Opium imported in 1889 was 92 piculs, compared with 2,453 piculs in 1879. The import of Opium has of late years shown a continuous decline, the poppy being largely and successfully cultivated in Manchuria. The value of the total trade of the port for 1889 amounted to Tls. 9,450,004 as against Tls. 9,964,868 in 1888.
Chee-chang
BANDINEL & Co., Merchants
J. J. F. Bandinel
W. J. Lister
Agencies
DIRECTORY
Chartered Bank of India A. & China Japan Mail Steamship Company China Shipowners' Association Imperial Fire Insurance Deutscher Lloyd
Standard Life Assurance Company China Traders' Insurance Co., Limited Sun Fire Office Hanseatischer Lloyd
Mannheim Reinsurance Company New York Life Insurance Company Mitsui Bussan Kaishia
Yün-lae
BUSH BROTHERS, Merchants and Commis-
sion Agents
Henry E. Bush
H. A. Bush
W. H. Campbell S. James
Agencies
Jardine, Matheson & Co. Russell & Co.
Lloyd's
Indo-China Steam Navigation Co. Deutsche Dampfschiffs Rhederei Shanghai Mutual Steam Nav. Co. Dampfschiffs Gesellschaft "Swatow" North China Insurance Company Canton Insurance Office, Limited Yangtsze Insurance Association Germanischer Lloyd's, Berlin Hongkong Fire Insurance Co., Ld. Lancashire Insurance Company Straits Insurance Company, Limited Scottish Imperial Insurance Co. (Life) South British Fire and Marine Insce. Underwriting and Agency Assocn. London Assurance Corporation (Fire)
BUTTERFIELD & SWIRE, Merchants
E. B. Dowley
F. H. Tandberg
Agencies
China Navigation Company Ocean Steamship Company
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