JAPAN
9
facilitate the acquirement of foreign languages, the Government of the Mikado has engaged many European professors, and also sent, at the public expense, a large number of students to America and Europe. An association called the Romaji Kai, for promoting the adoption of the Roman alphabet in Japan, was formed in 1885, but is not making much progress.
The trade of 1889 was divided between the Treaty ports in the following propor-
tions:-
Yokohama Kobe Osaka Nagasaki Hakodate Other Ports Totals Imports, Yen 34,320,917 26,035,331 2,131,442 2,912,843 117,706 585,528 66,103,767 Exports, 41,862,129 20,331,553 261,013 6,193,063 781,446 631,501
Total,
""
70,060,706
76,183,046 46,360,884 2,392,455 9,105,905 899,152 1,217,029 136,164,472
The following was the total value of commodities exported to and imported from Foreign Countries in 1889 :-
Great Britain.
United States of America
Continent of Europe
China
Hongkong
India and British Colonies
Other Countries
Exports
Imports
Total
.Yen 7,664,599
26,067,935
33,732,534
}"
25,282,874
6,143,171
31,426,045
17,969,733
""
11,097,600
29,067,333
"}
5,442,507
9,199,698
14,642,205
7,337,896
4,103,703
11,441,599
""
2,654,512
7,630,914
10,285,426
""
2,071,012
1,860,746
3,931,758
Yen 68,423,133
66,103,767
134,526,900
The following table shows the total values of the principal classes of Goods exported
in 1889 :-
Books and Paper
Drugs Medicines, Dyes, &c... Grain, Beverages and Provns. Metals.
Textile, Fabrics, Clothing, etc. Tobacco, Raw and Manufd.... Sundries
...Yen
238,200
Tea
....Yen 6,156,729
2,179,469 12,201,158
3,267,104
""
""
3,043,456
"
Oil and Wax
""
Silk, Floss Silk and Cocoons
""
Skins Hair, Shells, Horn, etc.
>>
460,252 29,050,053 243,776
Foreign Produce and Manf.
"
197,020 11,709,677 753,812
Yen 70,060,706
The Imports from various Foreign Countries in 1889 are classified by the Imperial Customs as
Arms, Clocks, Machinery, &c. Yen 6,514,139 Metals and Manufactures of... Yen 6,173,675
Beverages and Provisions
""
722,870
Oil and Wax
Books and Stationery
""
664,269 Sugar
""
Clothing and Apparel
""
Drugs, Medicines, & Chemicals
956,870 Textile Fabrics, Yarns, &c.... 1,917,468 Tobacco
>>
4,814,586 6,292,493 30,831,996
210,095
""
Dyes and Paints
11
1,095,405 Wines and Liquor
Glass and Glass Ware
""
526,469
436,484 Sundries
Grain and Seeds
"
2,594,086
Hair, Horns, Ivory, Skin, &c.
1,008,473 Japanese Produce and Manufs 1,282,217
11
62,182
Yen 66,103,767
The total Shipping, entrances and clearances, from Foreign countries for the year
1889 were-
Steamers
Sailing Vessels
2,140 1,397
3,537
Tonnage Tonnage
2,660,131
251,689
2,911,820
Of which 397 steamers and 135 sailing vessels entered, and 25 steamers and 42 sailing vessels cleared in ballast. 1889 were as under :-
The merchants vessels entered from Foreign countries in
British
Japanese
German
American..
French
Other Countries
..382
627,119
47
..283
302,170
142
Strs. Tonnage Sailing Tonnage Total Tonnage
37,743 429 664,862 18,655 425
320,825
.277
198,407
13
8,534
290
206,941
36
85,764
44
55,812
80
141,576
33
69,619
33
69,619
68 56,831
3
1.538
71
58,369
The total Customs Revenue for the same year consisting of-Export Duties, yen 1,747,603; Import Duties, yen 2,863,516; Miscellaneous, yen 109,406; total, yen 4,720,585.
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