JAPAN.
TREATY OF PEACE, COMMERCE, AND NAVIGATION BETWEEN THE EMPIRES OF CHINA AND JAPAN.
Signed, in the Chinese and Japanese LANGUAGES, At TIENTSIN, 13TH SEPTEMBER, 1871.
Ratified by the Emperor of China, September, 1871.
Ratified by the Mikado of Japan, with modifications,* 1st November, 1871.
The Empire of China and the Empire of Japan having been on terms of friend- ship for a long period of years, now desire by common action to cement their ancient relations, and to make the intercourse subsisting between the two countries more close.
To this end Li, by Imperial appointment, Minister Plenipotentiary of the Empire of China for the management of commercial affairs, Senior Guardian of the Heir Apparent, Assistant Grand Secretary, President of the Board of War, Governor- General of the Province of Chih-li, and invested with the first degree of the third order of nobility; and Ita, Minister Plenipotentiary of the Empire of Japan, &c., &c., each acting in obedience to the Decrees of their respective Sovereigns, have conferred together, and have agreed to articles for the reconstruction of relations, to the end that they may be observed with good faith on both sides in perpetuity.
The Articles agreed upon are as follow:-
Art. I.+-Relations of amity shall henceforth be maintained in redoubled force between China and Japan, in measure as boundless as the heaven and the earth. In all that regards the territorial possessions of either country the two Governments shall treat each the other with proper courtesy, without the slightest infringement or encroachment on either side, to the end that there may be for evermore peace between them undisturbed.
Art. II.-Friendly intercourse thus existing between the two Governments, it is the duty of each to sympathize with the other, and in the event of any other nation acting unjustly or treating either of the two Powers with contempt, on notice being given [by the one to the other], mutual assistance shall be rendered, or med ́a'ion offered for the arrangement of the difficulty, in fulfilment of the duty imposed by relations of friendship.
Art. III.-The system of Government and the penal enactments of the two Government being different from each other, each shall be allowed to act in entire independence. There shall be no interference offered, nor shall requests for innova- tions be obtruded. Each shall aid the other in enforcement of the laws, nor shall either allow its subjects to entice the people of the other country to commit acts in violation of the laws.
Art. IV. It will be competent for either Government to send Ministers Pleni- potentiary, with their families and suites, to reside in the capital of the other, either
See Articles II. and XI. It was also stipulated, on ratification of the Treaty by the Mikado of Japan, that ite commercial clauses should he held subject to modiflation on any, future revision of the Treaties between Japan and the European Powers,
+ This Article was excluded from ratification by the Mikado of Japan, on the ground of its being nanecessary, all needful obligations in respect of the matter to which it relates being embraced within the ordinary provisions of
nternational law.
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