Directory_and_Chronicle_1888 — Page 547

520

TOKYO.

so conspicuous for cleanliness as most of the public buildings in Japan. At the right of the temple there is a fine old Pagoda, and near it two colossal stone statues. A new park was also opened close to the temple, about the same time as that of Uyeno. Thus, with Shiba in the South West, where are to be seen some of the splendid shrines of the Shoguns, among the chief glories of Tokyo, there are three large public gardens within the city. The buildings which are called the Temple of Confucius were formerly the University of Tokyo, but this has been superseded since the Restoration by the Tokyo Dai-gaku-kö (Tokyo University), and other schools in which Foreign instructors are employed. There are altogether 1,275 temples in Tokyo, some af which are fine edifices.

The districts of Honjo and Fukagawa form the quiet portion of the capital. This quarter is connected with Tokyo proper by five great bridges, some of which are constructed of stone and some of wood. They are called, commencing on the north, Adsuma Bashi, Umaya Bashi, Riogoku Bashi, Ohashi, and Yeitai Bashi respectively. The quay on the banks of the Sumida forms a spacious and handsome street, and may be especially recommended to a traveller who has only a few days to spend in Tokyo. In passing along the quay, he will see across the stream several fine temples and great buildings which stand on the western bank of the Great River, and he may get at the same time a very good idea of the animated river-life of the Sumida, whose waters are always covered with junks and boats of all descriptions.

A great part of the remaining area forming the district North of the Castle is covered by paddy fields, in the midst of which rise picturesquely situated houses. There are also extensive pleasure gardens, such as Aska-yama, and neat little villages. The surface covered by paddy fields and pleasure gardens may be estimated at 41 square miles. The part West of the Castle contains fifty temples, and a number of nobles' palaces. The district on the South of the Castle, with an area of about of 17 square miles, contains about sixty temples. The most remarkable among them is the Tera of Meguro.

Several great fires have during the last few years swept Tokyo, and these have led to great improvements and the widening of the streets. Rows of good houses in brick and stone, and new bridges, in many cases of iron or stone, have been built, and the city has in many portions been thoroughly modernised. Tramways have been laid and the cars are usually crowded with passengers. The main streets and those adjacent to them are lighted by gas, and the remainder by oil lamps. A race course has been formed close to Uyeno. Lines of telegraph, amounting in all to 200 miles, connect the various parts of the city with one another, and with the country lines. The main streets are broad and well kept, and improvements attend the work of reconstruction after each conflagration. But as the city is in a transition state, it necessarily presents many strange anomalies. Side by side with lofty stone buildings stand rows of rude wooden houses. As with the buildings so with the people; while the mass still wear the native dress, numbers appear in European costume." The soldiers and police are dressed in uniform on the Western model.

The environs of Tokyo are very picturesque and offer a great variety of pleasant walks or rides. Foreigners will find much to interest them in the country round. The finest scenery is at the northern and western sides of the city, where the country is surrounded by beautiful hills, from which there is a distant view of the noble mountains of Hakone, while beyond rises in solitary grandeur the towering peak of Fusi-yama, covered with snow the greater part of the year. The population of Tokyo and its suburbs was, according to the official census of 1885, 1,207,847, of whom 631,005, were males and 576,842 females. The foreign residents number about 300, many of whom are in Government or Japanese employ. The number of houses in 1885 was 361,479.

The native Press is represented by more than a hundred newspapers, several of which are dailies. Among them the Nichi Nichi Shimbun, the Hochi Shimbun, the Choya Shimbun, the Jiji Shimpo, and the Mainichi Shimbun, take the lead. There are 1,225 schools of different classes, including one university.