Directory_and_Chronicle_1885 — Page 408

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SHANGHAL

The Expenditure amounted to Ts. 117,161,61:-

Secretariat...

PH

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101

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ri

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H

Public Works (including Lighting)

Police...

IIL

FIL

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HL

Hr

HI

HI

Tls, 23, 172.67 65,805.79 28,183. 8

Tls. 17,1 1.64

879

The revenue and expenditure for 1884 was estimated at Tls. 129,614. The Foreign population has consi Terably decreased from what it was at one time. The census of 1865 gave the number of foreign residents in the three Settlements as 2,757, army and navy (Fitish) 1,851, shipping 981, a total of 5,589. By the census of 1880 there were in the Settlements north of the Yang-king-pang a total of 2,197 foreigners, 1,168 in the English division and 1,029 in Hongkew and Pootung; of these 1,171 were males, 502 females, and 524 children. The proportion of different nationalities was 1,044 (or about one-half) British, 285 Portuguese, 230 American, 190 German, 76 Spanish, 41 French, 32 Danish, 57 of various other European nationalities, 168 Japanese, and 74 Manilamen and other Asiatics. While the adult European male population had decreased since the census of 1870 by 110, the number of women and children had increased by 641, that is they had nearly trebled in ten years. The French Cossion contains 350 foreigners, the greater proportion being French and the remainder mostly - nother European Continental countries. These figures do not include the popol aloat, which may be estimated at 800 or over. Although the Chinese have ot of residence within the Foreign Settle- ment, and indeed we expressly prohibite by the original Land Regulations, some twenty thousand sought refuge within the oundaries from the rebels in 1854, and when the city was besieged by the Taipings in 1860 there were, it is said, at least four hundred thousand natives within the Settlements. As they found some amenities from "squeezing" when under the protection of foreigners, and foreigners themselves being able to obtain a much higher rental for their land, and finding native house property a very profitable investment, no opposition was made to their residence. In 1865 there were in the three Settlements 146,000. The numbers by the last census (Junc, 1880) were:- In the British Settlement 68,652, in Hongkow 25,323, in Foreign Hongs in both Settlements 5,218, in villages and huts 2,541, in shipping and boats 6,078, total 107,812. The native population of the French Concession is 34,000, and the boat population about 5,000, say a totel for the three Settlements and afloat of 147,000. The number of residents both foreign and native has increased since the last census, 1880, but no estimate has been published. Nearly two-thirds are adult males. A large proportion are natives of Chekiang and Kwangtung, those in the direct employ of foreigners being almost exclusively from these provinces. The population of the native city is supposed to be about 125,000. The large congregation of natives in the Settlements is kept in admirable order by a Police force of 51 foreigners an.1 224 natives for the north of the Yang-king-pang, and 40 foreigners and 33 natives for the French Concession. The number of police for the Cosmopolitan Settlement was formerly much smaller, the force having been reorganized il con- siderably increased last year. As the natives Lave to be tried by their own authorities, and bribery doubtless works its effects in Shanghai as elsewhere in China, the difficulties of organizing and efficiently woking cuch & small force are considerable. In few places is life and property more secure.

The climate of Shanghai is generally allowed to be fairly healthy. The death rate amongst foreigners ashore and afloat during the past twelve years has ranged from 22.3 per thousand (in 1875) to 37 per thousand in 1831 and 35.8 per thousand in 1888. The increase in the death rate during the last three years is attributed to the unusual prolongation of the period of damp heat, the increase in the native population, and the increase in the number of women and children. Partial outbreaks of cholera have occurred five times in recent years, there having been sixteen deaths amongst foreignera from this cause in 1877, the same number the next year, thirteen in 1881, fifteen in 1882, and twenty-three in 1883, but the great majority of the cases occurred among the ships in barbour. Five foreign residents succumbed to this disease in 1882