1
SHANGHAI.
379
and passed by the ratepayers in May, 18-1. Many important improvement bave been proposed, but they have yet to receive the sanction of the various governments. The Ministers at Peking have suggested some radical alterations, but these are so opposed to the nee ssities of the city that the residents for their own preservation are bound to offer a strenuous resistance, and it is therfore probable that the new Regulations will not come into force for some time. A separate Council for the French Concession was appointed in 1862, and now works under the "Reglement d'Organisation Municipale de la Concession França se," pa sed in 1868, aud consists of four French and four foreign members, elected for two years, half of whom retire aunnally. They are electd by all owu rs of land on the Comession, or occupants paying a rental of a thousand franes per anuun, or residents with an aunnal income of four thousand raue. This, it will be noticed, approaches much more nearly to "universal suffrage" than the franchise of the ober Settlements, which, however, will be considerably dued should the new Regulations ever become law. The qualification for councillors North of the Yang- king-pang is the payment of rates to the amount of fifty taels annually, or being a householder paying rates on an assessed reutal of tw Ive hu..red taels. For the French Concession the requirement is a monetary one of about the saing amourt. Several efforts have been made to ama' amate the French with t'e other Settlements, but therto without sUC SS. A revision of the Réglements for the French Concession is now under consideration. Meetings of ratepayers are held in February of each year, at which the budgets are voted and the new Councilı instructed as to the policy they are to ursue.
| 1
No important measure is undertaken without being rerred to a special meeting of ratepayers. The Council divides itself into De ence, Finance, Watch, and Works Committe. Tuir o opolitan system of Government has for many years worked so well and so cheaply, that Shanghai has fairly earned for its If the nam of "The Model Settlement."
TI
The Revenue of the " 'Anglo-American Settlement for 1882 amounted to Tls. 320,115.74, and was derived as follows:-
Laud Tax, four-teuthis of
per
cent.
General Municipal Rate, Forei n Houses, 8 per cent. General Municipal Rate, Native H uses, 10 per cent. Contribution from Toutai as Commutation of Wharfage Dues. Licences, principally opium ships and jiurickslins
Local Post Office Tls. 4.635.69. §.le of Stores T'la 9,800.14. Interest, Ils. 4,220.77, Miscellaneous, Tis. 5.426.54... Debenture Loan
Tis. 31,23.60
37,589.72
€4.-15.33
10,244.50
72.114.45
14,435 3
47.21 60,000,00
i
Tls. 32,115.74
The Expenditure for the same year was Tls. 302,059.99, and may be divided as
under :-
Police Department
Sanitary Department, including Hospitals
Lighting
Public Works, includin. Garden, Cemeteries, and outside roade Laud and Buildings..
Secretariat. Legal and General
Interest, and Sinking Fund
+
...
Volunteers Tle. 7.789.59. Fire Department Tls. 4.409.16 Town Boud Tls, 5,073 82. 31useum Tls, 500, Library Tls.100 Charities, 1,257.84, Local Post Office 4,157,06...
Tls. 49,052.39
30, 77.95 1,131.92
11..6.9.
33,0 9.15 26, 12.47
10,758.98 12.19 .75
5,1 73.82 5,414.90
Tis. 302,059.99
were
The Dues on Merchandise, formerly the largest source of revenue, abandoned in 1881, and in place ther of the Land and Foreign House tax & were raised one-t'ird and native house tax one-fourth; most of the Licence fees were also increased. The Municipal Revenue for 1883 was estimated at Tls. 318,017, and the Expenditure at Tls. 315,480.
374
SHANGHAI,
The Revenue of the French Concession for 1882 was Tls. 118,181.32. The sources from which it was derived were:-
--
Land Tax. four tenths of 1 per cent.
Tls. 8,744.19
Foreign House Tax, 4 per cent....
2,331.63
Native House Tax, b per cent.
24,943.12
Licences, principally jiuricksbas, maisons de tolérance and
opium shops
44,159,29
20,948.23
15,387.52
1,667.34
Cleaning and Lighting Rates and other Taxes Paid by the Taotai aud rent of quays and jetties Miscellaneous receipts
Tb Expenditure amounted to Tis. 110,801.05;-
Secretariat...
Public Works (including Lighting)... Police ...
..
Tls. 118.181.32
Tls. 26,062.74 55,137,99 29,300.32
Tls. 110,801.05
The revenue for 1882 was estimated at Tls. 116,980 and the expenditure at Tls. 124,360.
years.
The Foreign population has considerably decreased from what it was at one time. The census of 1865 gave the number of foreign residents in the three Settlements as 2,757, army and navy (British) 1,851, shipping 981, a total of 5,589. By the census of 1880 there were in the Settlements north of the Yang-king-pang a total of 2,197 foreigners, 1,168 in the English division and 1,029 in Hongkew and Pontung; of these 1,171 were males, 502 females, and 524 children. The proportion of different nationalities was 1,044 (or about one-half) British, 285 Portuguese, 230 American, 190 German, 76 Spanish, 41 French, 32 Danish, 57 of various other European nationalities, 168 Japanese, and 74 Manilamen and other Asiatics. While the adult European male population bal decreased since the census of 1870 by 110, the number of women and children had increased by 641, that is they had nearly trebled in ten The French Concession contains 350 foreigners, the greater proportion being French and the remainder mostly from other European Continental countries. These figures do not include the population afloat, which may be estimated at 800 cr over. Although the Chinese have no right of residence within the Foreign Settle- ment, and indeed were expressly prohibited by the original Land Regulations, some twenty thousand sought refuge within the boundaries from the rebels in 1854, and when the city was besieged by the Taipings in 1860 there were, it is said, at least four hundred thousand natives within the Settlements. As they found some amenities from "squeezing" when under the protection of foreigners, and foreigners themselves being able to obtain a much bigher rental for their land, and finding native house property a very profitable investment, no opposition was made to their residence. In 1865 there were in the three Settlements 146,000. The numbers by the last census (June, 1880) were:-In the British Settlement 68,652, in Hongkew 25,323, in Foreign Hongs in both Settlements 5,218, in villages and buts 2,541, in shipping and boats 6,078, total 107,812. The native population of the French Concession is 34,000, and the boat population about 5,000, say a total for the three Settlements and afloat of 147,000. The number of residents both foreign and native bas increased since the last census, 1880, but no estimate has been published. Nearly two-thirds are adult males. A large proportion are natives of Chekiang and Kwangtung, those in the direct employ of foreigners being almost exclusively from these provinces. The population of the native city is supposed to be about 125,000. The large congregation of natives in the Settlements is kept in admirable order by a Police force of 52 foreigners and 160 natives for the north of the Yang-king-pang, and 38 foreigners and 33 natives for the French Concession. As the natives bave to be tried by their own authorities, and bribery doubtless works its effects in Shanghai as elsewhere in China,
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