Directory_and_Chronicle_1880 — Page 362

CHINKIANG.

The port of Chinkiang (or Chên-kiang-fu), which was declared open to foreign trade by the Treaty of Tientsin, is situated about 150 miles from the Yangtrze at the point where the Grand Canal enters the river.

The history of Chinkiang possesses but few features of interest. The position of the town, as a translation of its name implies ("River Guard "), was at one time of considerable importance from a military point of view, when all the rice-tribute from the south of China was transported to Peking by the interior route. The British forces captured the place in July, 1842, and as the cutting off of supplies always produces a powerful effect, the commanding situation thus secured was not long in pro- ducing the desired result upon the Central Government, for the Treaty of Nanking was signed a month afterwards. The Taiping rebels entered the town in April, 1853, and continued to occupy it till 1857, when they had to yield to the same cause which had made the Government yield ten years before.

The city lies between one of the mouths of the Grand Canal and the night bak of the Yangtsze. Most of the houses are built on level ground, but the hills surrounding lend a pleasant appearance to the locality, which is enhanced consideral ly by the bluff scenery of the island of To'io-shan. When the city was abandoned by the rebel forces, its destruction was very nearly complete, and it still retains to some extent its desolate aspect. The foreign settlement occupies a tract of land extending from the mouth of the Canal along the bank of the river. The population of Chinkiang is estimated at 140,000.

Considerable commercial importance was attached to the port when it was first opened. The largest vessels can approach it, and hopes were high as to the position it would occupy in the development of inland trade with China. But, like the hopes entertained respecting several of the other Chinese ports, they have proved delusive, and the trade on the Yangtze seems to have centred at Hankow, farther up the river. The net importation of Opium into Chinkiang in 1878 was 10,957 piculs, against 10,799 piculs in 1877. The import of this drug has steadily increased during the past ten years. The total annual revenue of the port for 1878 amounted to Tis. 211,163, and in 1877 it was Tls. 122,381.

Consulates.

BRITISH.

大英領事衙門

Ta-ying-ling-sze-ya-mun.

Acting Consul-T. L. Bullock

Constable-Charles Nunn

UNITED STATES CONSULATE.

大美國領事官

Ta-mei-kwoh-ling- shih-kwan.

Consul-W. L. Scruggs

DIRECTORY.

Vice-Consul and Interpreter-D. A. Emery

DANISH.

大丹領事衙門

Ta-tan-ling-sze-ya-mun.

Acting Consul-W. L. Bullock

NETHERLANDS.

Acting Vice-Consul-E. Starkey

Imperial Maritime Customs.

錀江關

Chin-kiang-kwan.

Commissioner-F. Kleinwächter

Assistants-R. Hough, Chas. W. de St.

Croix, R. S. Yorke

Medical Officer-R. G. White

Tide Surveyor and Harbour Master-J. H.

C. Gunther

Examiners-A. B. Menzies, F. Wegener, J.

Mahon

Tide-waiters P. R. Dubarry, T. Macphail, J. Sjögren, P. Cunnify, R. Langlands, W. A. Washbrook, W. J. Mason REVENUE CRUISER-Ch'iao-shan

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