Directory_and_Chronicle_1879 — Page 381

TIENTSIN-PEKING.

355

ROMAN CATHOLIC.

Rev. F. Wynhoven

METHODIST MISSIONARY SOCIETY,

TIENTSIN AND LAOLING.

Rev. J. Innocent

Rev. J. Robinson

Rev. G. T. Chandlin

D. Stenhouse, M.D.

AMERICAN BOARD OF COMMISSIONERS

FOR FOREIGN MISSIONS. Rev. C. A. and Mrs. Stanley Rev. A. H. and Mrs. Smith

Rev. H. D. l'orter, M.D. (absent)

AMERICAN METHODIST EPISCOPAL MISSION.

Rev. G. R. Davis

Rev. L. W. Pilcher

GENERAL HOSPITAL FOR EUROPEANS. Sister Superior-Jos. Doyer and six Sis-

ters of Charity

Imperial Arsenal.

Superintendent-R. McIlwraith Engineers—J. Stewart, A. Black

Cartridge maker-C. J. Shortland

KALGAN.

順差

Chun tung.

Tokmakoff, Sheveleff & Co,, merchants N. P. Chechmaroff, agent

A. F. Koolakoff

S. S. Sampiloff

PEKING.

Tue present capital of China was formerly the Northern capital only, as its name denotes, but it is now really the metropolis of the Central Kingdom. Peking is situated on a sandy plain 13 miles S. W. of the Pei-ho river, and about 110 miles from its mouth, in latitude 39.54 N. and Longitude 116.27 E. or near on the parallel of Naples. A canal connects the city with the Pei-no. Peking is ill adapted by situa tion to be the capital of a great Empire, nor is it in a position to become a great Damufacturing or industrial centre. Tuo products of all parts of China naturally find their way to the seat o: Goverumea, but it gives little but bullion in return.

·

From Dr. Dennys's description of Peking we quote the following brief historical sketch :-"The city formerly existing on the site of the southern prion of Peking was the capital of the Kingd m of Ya. About 222 B.C., this Kingdom was over- thrown by the Chin dynasty and the seat of Government was removed elsewhere. Taken from the Chins by the Kheilans about 936 A.D., it was some two years alter- wards made the southern capital of that people. The Kin dynasty subduing the Khaitans, in their tuin took possession of the capital, calling it the Western R-sidence.' About A.D. 1151, the fourth sovereign of the K ́ns transferred the court thitser, and named it the Central residence. In 1215, it was captured by G nghis Khan. In 1264, Kublai Khan fixed his residence there, giving it the title of Chung- tu, or Central residence, the people at large generally calling it Shun-tien-fu. In 1267 a.d., the city was transferred 3 li (que mile) to the North of its then site, and was then called Ta-tu-the Great Residence.' The old portion became what is now known as the 'Cainese city' and the terms Northern' and 'Suthern city, or more cominouly nei-cheng (within the wall) and wai-cheng (without the wall), came into The native Emperors who succeede the Margol dynasty did not, however, continu to make Peking the seat of Government. The court was shortly afterwar ls remov. d to Nauking, which was considered the chief city of the Empire until, in 1421, Yung Lo, the 3rd Emperor of the Ming dynasty, again held his court at Peking, since which date it has remained the capital of China.”

use.

7

舊

The present city of Peking is divided into two portions, the Northern or Tartar city and the Southern or Chinese. The former is being gradually encroached upon by the Chinese, and the purely Manchu section of the capital will soon be very limited.