TREATY BETWEEN RUSSIA AND CHINA.
XXXIII
From the time of setting up the boundary marks there shall never be any changes made; and Russia engages not to encroach upon the Chinese territory in the vicinity of the frontiers, nor will ground be seized in any other part of China.
Art. II.-Following the range of hills along the Amoor's course, the long estab- lished Chinese frontier posts, and the marks put down in the 6th year of Yung-ching's reign (1728,) at Sha-peen Ta-pa-ha, (in the vicinity of Tarbagatai,) it is agreed that, where these marks terminate, the Western boundaries, not yet laid down, shall com- mence; they shall extend westward to the Lake Tse-sang-cho-urh, from which after running in a south-westerly direction along the Tih-mih-urh Too-cho-'rh of the Teen- shan range, they shall go southwards to Kho-Kand.
Art. III.--Should there hereafter occur disputes or misunderstandings in respect of frontier boundaries, it is agreed that they shall be determined by the two articles that precede. With reference to the placing boundary marks in the tracts of country lying on the East, between Lake Hin ka and the Toumen, and, on the West, between Sha-peen Ta-pa-ha and Kho-kand, it is agreed that trustworthy officers shall be appointed by the two governments for that purpose. For the placing of the marks along the eastern frontiers, the officers appointed shall meet at the month of the Usuri in May, 1861; and for the similar duty on the Western frontiers, officers shall meet at Tarbagatai, but the time of meeting, it is unnecessary to fix. The officers appointed for the above work shall act with all fairness and justice; and, as in accordance with the boundaries indicated in the First and Second articles of this con- vention, they shall make four charts, two of which shall be Russian and two either Manchurian or Chinese, and the said charts having been duly signed and sealed by the officers in question, shall be deposited, two (one Russian and one Manchurian or Chinese) in Russia, and two (one in Russian and one in Manchurian or Chinese) in China. On the interchange of these charts, they shall be officialised by being duly signed and sealed, and shall be appended hereto as forming part of this article.
Art. IV.—At all places along the frontier agreed upon in the First article of this convention, Russian and Chinese subjects may hold intercourse at pleasure. There shall not, in any case, be duties levied; and all frontier officers shall afford protection to merchants quietly carrying on trade.
In order to greater precision, the substance of the second article of Gae-hwan (Aykom,) is hereby again enunciated.
Art. V.-Russian merchants, in addition to trading at Kiachta, may, when pass- ing in the old established manner from Kiachta to Peking, dispose of sundries at Koo-lun and Chang-kia-kow. A [Russian] consul with a limited retinue may be stationed at Koo-lun; he shall himself supervise the building of a consulate, but the site, the number of buildings, and the land for pasturage of cattle, shall all be deter- mined by the high officer stationed at Koo-lun.
Chinese merchants, desirous of so doing, are at liberty to repair to Russia, and there carry on trade.
Russian merchants visiting the Chinese marts shall be under no restrictions, whether as to the time at which they may visit such places or the duration of their stay; but the number of merchants at any one place shall not exceed two hundred. The Russian officers stationed on the frontiers shall supply each party of merchants with a passport, in which shall be specified the name of the chief merchant, the num- ber of people that accompany him, and the place about to be visited by them for trade The merchants shall themselves provide funds for the expenditure attendant on their business, and for the purchase of food and cattle.
Art. VI.-In the establishment of trade, the same regulations shall be applied at Kashgar as at Ili and Tarbagatai. At Kashgar. China agrees to make a grant of land whereon to build residences, warehouses, and churches, in order to the con- venience of such Russian merchants are may live there; ground shall likewise be
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