DESCRIPTION OF SHANGHAI.
Its position; carly history: walls; gates; canals and ditches: pools and wells; streets; houses; government, offices and incum- bents; custom-houses; military forces; literary institutions; con- mon schools; religious institutions; Chinghwáng miáu; Budhists, &c.;
benevolent institutions; burying grounds; the trades and handicrafts: commerce, foreign and domestic; cotton; tea; silk; woollen stuffs; manufactures; ship-building; commercial houses ; suburbs; the Foreign Factories and residents; real estate; cli- mate; population; and Christian missions.
SHANGHAI is situated near the south-eastern extreme of the great central plains of China, which are commonly spoken of as the plains of Kiángnán. The city is in latitude 31° 24′ 29 N., longitude 121° 32′ 02′′ E. and derives its name from Shánghái hien, the name of the district of which it is the capital or chief town. It stands on the western bank of the Hwáng ph, a broad deep river, and is distant from ita embouchure, Wúsung, seven or eight miles in a right line nearly due south, but by the river, which, between the city and Wúsung makes a wide bend eas' ward, the distance may be twelve or fourteen miles.
Before proceeding to give a description of the city itself we will first glance at its relative bearing and history, as this will enable us better to understand its present importance, and to appreciate its future growing influence-especially as regards foreign intercourse.
By looking upon any correct map of the Chinese empire, it will be seen that into the "Yellow Sea,”-between the Chusan group and the promontory of Shantung-three great rivers empty their waters, drawn from an' iminense and very populous region—on the south, and north, comprising in its outlines full one half of the whole eighteen provinces of China. These rivers are the Tsien tung, the Yungtsz' kiang and Hwang hỏ, emptying their waters
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