1941-01-20 — Page 7

HONGKONG DAILY PRESS

THE END OF A CENTURY:

THE

PEACEFUL PROGRESS

OF HONGKONG

BY PROF. L. FORSTER, M.A. Today Hongkong celebrates the centenary of its foun- dation. It is an occasion for a review of the past.

Hongkong from the standpoint of natural scenery has been generously endowed. Its peak dominates all else and from its summit it affords splendid vistas of the wide Pacific, with its hundreds of islands, which, when bathed as often happens, in the rich glow of the setting sun, are surpassingly beautiful. It would be hard to find such pleasing scenery in any other part of the world.

But Hongkong though per- fect in its setting, and though so beautiful in form, owes something also to man's efforts. The slopes have been clothed with thousands of fir trees, fine roads have been constructed round its pic- turesque coasts. The Flame of the Forest, the Azaleas, and the Hydrangeas, the Poin- settias, when in bloom are a riot of colour" and help so much to make the landscape

cheerful.

It is necessary to mention this. for we are apt to take it. for granted, but if we wish to picture Hongkong as it was, we have only to look at Lantau, as it 13)

GLIMPSE OF HISTORY

that Taglish:rien Cruid

CABLE

FORMER AMBASSADOR

PROTESTS

Continued from Page 1

"Many Americans, including 'my- was. he said, as fine a' display of self, have been subjected to de- human courage as was ever wit- liberate smear campaigns because ressed. we differed from the aggressive

ANOTHER MEETING

Continued from Page 1 their being needed for troop moves ments,

Another report states that waters

in Rumania have been mined and

that the zones

SENSELESS PREDICTION minority. The favourite device of

But, he asked, what do we know this aggressive minority is to sad about the morale of the German in due course, any American questioning of the Army or German people? With- likelihood of a British victory a de-out knowing that, prediction of fentist.

England's defeat would be a sense- REPORT BOTH SIDES

less one.

I always thought that when the American people sent DX: American Ambassador to a foreign country they expected him to re- port both the bright and dark sides-strength and weakness.

1

Disowning the label of ap- peaser which some had at- tached to him, Mr. Kennedy said that any charge that he advocated a deal with the dictators Was false and mall-

cious.

in Heung Shan twice a year and unmediately noticed the difference.

"I compared Sedag Shan with Rongkong and although they are

When I reported to, our Gov- unly fifty mites apart the difference ernment the seriousness of the in the government oppressed in

problems facing the British people "The words of these tyrants very much. Alterwards I saw the

I did it because I wanted our Gov-have been shown to be worthless. otatside World and I began to

themselves proclaim that wonder how it was that foreigners, crnment to have all information They

du such possible so that it could guide it their promises are sham. Hitler, man who wanted war had things as they had done for self intelligently in the days to the examid with the adren rock of come in its foreign policy regard- slammed the door on peace to all Hongkong within seventy or eighty less of what the outcome of the the world.

"He has proclaimed that he is years while in four thousand years war might be." Chin had no place like Hongkong." Mr. Kennedy denied that he waging total war for a new world Sun Yat-sen had been educated predicted the defeat of Britain and order where our society of justice. law, cannot even In the schools of the colony, after added that the morale cf' the Bri-according to which he proceeded to qualify in tish nation defied description. It exist." the Hongkong College of Medicine In 1891, as a doctor.

Here he sat at the feet of Sir James Cantle from whom he gained not only a knowledge of the anatomy of the human body, body politle of Ari- but of the

So much for the natural gran-tain.

For dear of the island. Now for a

Sir James Cantile, the gmpse at its history.

Scotsman, was not only the ten- In 1841, the barren island of cher of Sun Yat-sen, he was also

Greek Submarine Sinks

Italian

Transport

It was announced in London yesterday that the Greek submarine PROTEUS had sunk an ITALIAN TRANSPORT of 11,500 tons, states a London message. The sinking was stated to have occurred on Hongkong was ceded as a base for his great friend. It was he who Dec. 29. The Proteus has not returned to her base. trading. Now a hundred years intervened in the kidnapping The transport was sunk of Valona. Very few of the Italian troops.

on board were saved.

SUDDU ORDER

later we are celebrating its birth- incident in London, when he day as a colony, while two major saved his life and sc preserved wors are raging round, about it Sun Yat-sen for his great work but not on it.

jot reform. It is true to say. An order of the day issued by The war of 1841 was due to therefore, that the development of General Soddu, the Italian Com- something deeper than the trame modern Chine owes its inspiration mander-in-Chief on Nov. 5, is re- in cplum, which had existed for to Hongkong. many years before

the British

PHENOMENAL GROWTH came on the scene" und which con- We have indicated the phen

tinued in China long after the menal growth of this colony which trouble of that year came to an can be attributed to the excellence

ported to have fallen into Greek hands. In this crder, the Italian Commander sald-

筠

WHOLE PHASE OF WAR

In

which mines

have been laid will be announced

Commenting on the situation in Europe. MR. CYRIL. LAKIN. B. B. C. commentator, said yester- day: "Europe is full of a new crop of rumours. Most of them con- cern the fresh meeting between Herr Hitler and Signor Mussolini.

IL DUCE APPEALING

MONDAY, JANUARY 20, 1941.-PAGE 7 GENERAL YEH ARRESTED

CHUNGKING, Jan. 19 (Reuter)--NEWS OF THE AT- TACK ON THE FOURTH COMMUNIST ARMY CAUSED DISAPPOINTMENT IN FOREIGN DIPLOMATIC CIRCLES where it was hoped that the differences could be settled without bloodshed.

!

The Soviet Embassy has been the scene of much di- plomatic activity in the past few days, repercussions of the incident being keenly felt there.

All newspapers published he moved his force 'secretly to official accounts of the An- Moulin on the night of Jan 4, about 80 u south of Kingchlen hwel hostilities against the

where he had been stationed. new Fourth Army giving the

SUDDENLY ATTACKED The 40th Division, on being sud- news secondary prominence.

The SOCIAL WORKER says that denly attacked, resisted. Orders these drastic measures were jus- were issued by Gen. Kü Chu-tung, tined from the viewpoint of unity| C.-in-C, of the Third Battle Area, take disciplinary measures

daily states.

order has been issued for his br

"It is surprising thut they have of command and military discl- to

As a result not met before. Signor Mussolini pline. "We hope the High Com- against the rebels.

mand will further tighten dis- Yeh Ting was captured but Hang is appealing to Herr Hitler and Herr Hitler will probably ride cipline in all armed units," the Ying escaped with his life. An rough-shod over his junior partner, Under the heading Other rest.. Yeh has been handed over

"The Germans have already in- Troops should Heed this Warning" to a court martial for trial. tervened in the Mediterranean and the CENTRAL DAILY NEWS em- The whole of the new Fourth although it is unpleasant. It cannot phasises the need for discipline in Army has since been disbanded be decisive. But it will complicate war-time and mentions Han Fu- and all its units either re-organis matters and throw an additional chu and Shih Yu-san who were ed or sent away. strain on our Navy,

shot for treason.

According to the confessions of "In the meantime, Malta "Is

of "This action has nothing to do Chao Ling-po, Yeh's Chief

politics coming in for its share of bombing with

or other. Chinese Staff, it was Yeh's secret plan to and the island has stood up to it units.

The responsibility. rests occupy the outer citadel of King- well and has already exacted with General Yeh Ting and a few tan, namely the cities of Chuyung. heavy toll of the German raiders."others. We trust that in doing Langchi and Liyang, to enlarge While the Germans have made no this the Central Government has the organisation of the Political attempt to help Italy in the main the full support of all the people." (Branch) Bureau of the South theatre of war the Western The journal adds that the affair East, with the view to occupying Desert they are trying to divert is likely to be settled since Gen. the triangle formed by Nanking. British attention to the Central Yeh Ting has been arrested.. Mediterranean, states a London

message.

In

NINE HUNDRED GERMAN PLACES ATTACKED

Continued from Page 1

Shanghai and Hangchow,

SKELETON UNITS

ORDERED TO MOVE (By our own correspondent) In the meantime. it was' Yeh's The new Fourth Army, com- plan to send the political and mi- manded by General Yeh Ting (a litary elements in skeleton walts Communist) and Second-in-Com- to the districts of Kingtan, Tan- mand Hang Ying, was ordered to yung, Chuyung, Langchi and Lê- move northward from Kiengsi, and" yang in southern Kiangsu with cross to the north bank of the the view to forming, widespread Yangtse before Dec. 31, 1940; and cells for the purpose of supporting from there to advance further the invading Communist force north crossing the Yellow River upon its arrival. By thus doing

half the total for the preceding 13 before Jan. 31, 1941, to take up he would take over the command

months.

battle positions in the regions of of all the loyal national anti- Japanese forces in the Second There were "1,300 raids on the Fancheng and Tunglin Ruhr area, the centre of German

This Yeh refused to do, but pre- Guerfila Area by eliminating the industry and in the heart of ter.ded that he needed $500,000 for original commanders. which stands Essen.

expenses and $500,000 more for He intended, after dealing with Before the war, the Reichs- ammunition before he could move the 40th Army, to capture the stores of the loyal forces and at- fuehrer sald Germany: "I must his force.

When news reached him that tack the headquarters of General taken to preserve the Ruhr from the 40th Division was being Shang Kwan's 'force. His ultimate

moved from South Kiangsi to the aim was to create such a rear to be replenished. Yeh gave fusion in Kiangsu that the Cen-

Government orders to attack this loyal force in tral

would accept

attack."

(Reuter)

Continued from Page 1 "We must give the Greek Army she had been able to assume su-

lesson they deserve. We "must

periority, this was the place the end. Fundamentally. It was an at- of its harbour, to the efficience /teach them, no matter how brave Italians could have used for their convince myself of the measures tempt to open the doors of China (of the administration, to the they are, that they must submit to to Western trade particularly and security guaranteed by the navy the will of the armed forces of to Western Influences generally. and finally to the co-operation of Fascist Italy and we shall march

There is a close relationship be- the British and Chinese whose in

crushing all before us.' tween what occurred in 1841 and dustry and

Gen. Soddu resigned last Monday enterprise have con- what is taking place" now. During verted

for reasons of ill-health. barren island into the intervening years, British flourishing colony. political social and economic. In- Hongkong however, has

A dark blue. Standard car No. fluences have registered their things to be proud of. In the 4636, belonging to the Far East effect and sa brought the

two course of its history distinguished Motors Co., was reported stolen peoples together So closely ZIP men have appeared from time to from the war park at Connaught China and Britain linked today time and carried its name far be-Road yesterday morning. that it is true to say that theyond its narrow confines. On the tusure of China as a free and in- British side there is Dr. Morrison, dependent nation is contingent on whose

2

3

other

China.

"DICTATOR" IN MONTEVIDEO

operations," he said.

Our ships, however, have been able to run almost as they like

28 ATTACKS * through this enemy's backyard, as LONDON, Jan. 19 it were. Last Friday we took a knock, but the astonishing thing Twenty-elgut attacks were carried is that we did not take one before out against shipping and dock- Comdr. Woodruffe then went on yards, etc., three against oll tar- to describe the attack which was gets, 11 against factories and in-. launched on the convoy, previous dustrial targets, four against rail- to which the British Fleet had ways and a large number against attacked two Italian destroyers aerodromes by the RAF during and sunk one, the other, escaping the week ended at dawn on Jan. in the early morning.

17, it is learned in Air circles here. Describing the attack by the pioneer work in Chinese These are the more distinguish-German Stuka dive bombers. Cdr. the issue of the present war scholarship. in religion and In led of the Uhinese of Hongkong | Woodruffe declared that the Ger- which Britain is waging on behalf education has found fulfilment in who have done great work of free nations throughout the the various churches and schools

forman pilots handled their machines with great skill and courage and world

lot the Colony of today. His name

HIGHER LEARNING Songkong developed rapidly as will be honoured as long as Hong-

that they must have been special-

. A message from Montevideo Amid the bustle and the fiercely picked for the job which was With the magnificent kong stands. a purt.

A greater Chinese

commercial lire the first appearance of German film, The Great Dictator had states that Charlie Chaplin's new harbour facilities and unhamper-scholar than he however was Dr. there is generally secreted a desre Luftwaffe in the Mediterranean.

competition . of ed intercourse between the shrewd Tames Legge whose translations of for something that will neutralise

an enthusiastic reception at its and "industrious Cantonese and the Confucian classics are still the corroding and debasing ten-

Arst performance there. says a keen British merchants the en-accepted as authoritative and al-dencies. There is always present they altered their tactics. They

"In the second attack," he said, London message. trepot trade of the Colony reach- ways quoted as such. He, too, was the thought that man

A large audience threatened ed a position of world-wide im- active in promoting religious and live by bread alone.

came down in a vertical dive and Fascist sympathisers who tried to portance: in fact, Hongkong at educational

It is true instead of climbing" out of it, they demonstrate in the theatre. The work in this colony that Hongkong had greatly bene- just flattened out, they flew low demonstrators were arrested. "tained the rank of fourth seaport and on them he left his mark. fited by the policy of laisser fairever the water. It is astonishing

in the world,

A three-column review in one of which gave full rein to individual what aircraft flown by skilled the papers states that Mr. Chaplin In the field of

and thereby created pilots can fly through without be- has the enterprise

defended fraternity among At the same time ting broken up. most prominent name is that of vast wealth Patrick Manson, whose investiga-suffered from the evils inherent tion into the causes of malaria in that system or unregulated and indicated the lines along which uneven development, and the re- Adrian Ross worked and sult was a purely utilitarian and British medi- materialistic ideal of life. Many people regard Sir Patrick British and Chinese, however, rea-,

اله

Plece goods and machinery ano other articles poured in from Europe and America, while tea and silk flowed out from China,

IMPORTANT BASE

FIELD OF MEDICINE

In order to protect this trade Sir

guarantee of security finally triumphed and give a

to the merchants, Hongkong quick-cal

medicine

cart not

ly became an important naval and Manson who was a medical prac-sed that a wealthy city is merely military base. This ensured stabi- titioner

in Hongkong,

as

the vulgar when it neglects the things.

of the spirit.

ALTERED TACTICS

rien

do this and bombers cannot stop our ships from operating.

"Although we suffered some damage, the main object of our operation was achieved- the convoy arrived at its des tination intact. The appear- "This action is the price we ance of these dive bombers

have to pay for using the Mediter- means that the whole phase of

ranean and enemy waters as we the

war in that Sea will

like. Though our losses were seri- change.

ous, 16 does not mean that we "But no number of dive bomb- will not move our convoys through ers can give the Italian Navy free-them if we think it necessary and

lity and good order so that every Father of Tropical Medicine. inhabitant was able to perform

At the beginning of the century A further claim to fame how- nis duties, and go about his bust ever was his share in the founda- men ke Lard Lugard and Sir ness without fear.

tion of the Hongkong School of Cecil Clementi, with the support Medicine the first graduate of of other Chinese idealists, sought dom of action it must have if Italy our submarines are operating with. is bo continue her, campaign in great success and continually in- which in 1891 was Sun Yat-sen. to satisfy the natural craving of Africa. Only the Italian Fleet canterfering with Italian shipping."

"THE CHINESE SIDE

the Chinese for higher learning.

Under able administration and just government there" was orderly progress, increas› ing trade and social improve- ments. it is indeed true to say that Hongkong, the spear head of Western trade and of British government became a model for China to copy.

DR SUN'S ADDRESS

On the Chinese side we have al- and at the same time remove the ready spoken of Sun Yat-sen, but stigma to which we have referred.

Ition.

there are others whose names Thus the University came into whole future of their civiliza-dress both of the men and the reach over the border Wang being in 1911,

women, the better physique of a Chung-hul, the present foreign It was never intended by these By the creation of this seat of great part of the population, the minister of China, and the past founders that the University higher learning the relations be- great number of societies, reli- president of the international should be merely a institution twem China and Britain were gious and secular performing so- That this in fact was the case court at the Hague, was, the son for technical and professional raised to a higher plane. The cial work with their generously is proved by a reference to of a pastor in Hongkong. It was training. They had in mind the jutilitarian alm may have been supported charities-these indicate Sun Yat-sen's address given at the here he received his early educa-presentation of British culture in uppermost in the minds of the the growth of a community con- Great Hall of the University on tion, and gained those first im- its best and broadest aspects for pioneers in 1841, but the final science and give ground for hope February 21, 1923, when he said- pressions about law and order the benefit not only of Hongkong, justification for the occupation of that the defects which are pain-

"I feel as though I had returned which he was to develop by his but of China.

Hongkong was the liberal cultural fully obvious in our social system honte because Hongkong and later studies in America and

BOND OF UNION

innuence that it exerted, the prue- will finally be corrected.TM What was implicit in the aim ortical aspect of which are those In spite of many obstacles and never before been Europe until he became the lead. T. have

British administration from the social services, which are the mark calamities due to typhoons, rain. able to answer the question proper ing jurist of China ly but now I feel I am in a positlert Then James Yen, sponsored by teginning was made explicit, and for a well ordered community. In Įstorms and to troubles beyond her to answer it today. The question is the Rev. James Stewart (whose found practical expression in the these education must play a pro-borders, Hongkong's progress dur- "where did I get my revolutionary |Christian name" he afterwards establishment of the University.minent part, since it is in the trig the past century has been Ideas from? The answer is: i got assumed) brother of Evan Bir Cecil Clementi recently said schools and colleges that students peaceful and steady. them in this very place in the Stewart of St. Paul's College that Hongkong Univeralty should are made acquainted with the mous growth in its population is Colony of Hongkong. More than was educated at St. Stephens be the chief bond of unian be- higher standards of life and coms proof of the great confidence the thirty years I was studying in Hong-College and in the University of tween the two races, it should be to understand the necessity for Chinese have in its security ana kong and spent a great deal of my Hongkong. To him China is in- the institution to "which men achieving them.

Mgood order. Running through the spare time in walking the streets of debted for the great experiment throughout the eighteen provinces "MUCH REMAINS TO BE DONE whole period there has also been the Colony.

16 the Mass Edveation of China would look for guidance In this respect considerable pro- ja note, gradually growing louder; "Hongkorig impressed me

great known

university are my intellectual birth- place.

The enor-

deal because "there was orderly movement, which has spread over in the study of their language, rees in Hongkong has been made, demanding the improvement or calm, and because there was the whole country, after broving their Uterature, their history, though much remains to be done, the quality of its social life. It is artistic work being done without its worth as a scheme for abolish their archeology, their folk lore the widespread demand for open on this note the past century ends Interruption, I went to my honing literacy in North China their religious belief and the jaie sports,'» the -- more practical and the new one begins.

three directions. For this purpose, peace on his terms.

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WHO

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ONE"

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