1937-12-27 — Page 3

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HONG KONG DAILY PRESS. MONDAY DECEMBER 27, 1937.

BENITO MUSSOLINI

His Policy And Methods

What Next, O Duce? By Beatrice Baskerville, (Longmans, Green. 10s üd.)

This is a very valuable book for those who would comprehend the policy and methods of Signor Mussolini. It is the work of Miss Beatrice Baskerville, whose work as a journalist in Rome has neces- sitated her clase study of the day- to-day development of Itallan policy, which is the expression of the Duce's personal will. For he is the Italian State in Italy and his will is law and no opposition is brooked, writes J.B. Frith in the "Daily Telegraph." -

The Duce is above all things an

opportunist. He changes front rapidly and without compunction If It serves his ends, and to un- derstand his character it is well to remember that he la a strong admirer of Machiavelli In. her opening paragraph the authoress significantly, quotes a famous pas-. sage from the Florentine in which he says:

Our experience has been that those Princes who have done great things have held good faith of little account, and have known how

of Abyssinia and let Mussolin! take the consequences. The third was to act, as the British Govern- ment did act, through the League of Nations..

That a well enough in theory. but to fact the only course open to Great Britain was the third, since- all political parties were pledged to the hilt to act through the League and apply the Covenant. There was no real choice at all, and the weapons of the Covenant broke th their users' hands, because no country in Europe was prepared to risk a war for the sake of "Abys- sinla

What the authoress brings out most clearly, is that the comple- teness of the victory and the pro- clamation of the Italian Empire raised the Duce in Italy to the status of god." strengthened the foundations of his Autocracy and gave him a new lease of unchal- lenged power. One of his first declarations in the hour of his triumph was that Italian colonial aspirations were fully satisfied. But Miss Baskerville did not hide her conviction that the Duce's domin- ant iden at the moment is to ac-

to circumvent the intellect of menquire for Italy the mastery of the by craft. and in the end have relied on overcome triose their word.

who

More than a third of this book is devoted to a narrative of the" Duce's Abyssinian adventure from Its inception in the brain of Gen. De Bono in 1932 down to its suc- céssful conclusion. It is clearly brought out what a colossal gamble It was, how unpopular it was with the army and with the people until the anti-British propagandists had done their evil work and the im- position of Sanctions had stirred patriotic emotion to the pitch of frenzy.

ABYSSINIA

During the long diplomatic negotiations the Duce was un- blushingly playing for time while his warlike preparations were feverishly pressed forward, for he was determined to force upon his predestined victim, Miss Basker- ville is of opinion that Duce rather expected that the Suez Canal

would be closed to Italian ships. but he would seem to have put his main trust in M. Laval's stubborn refusal to be dragged too far in support of the Covenant. He had done a deal with him at Rome in January, 1935, when the French Premier had virtually given him a free hand, so far as France was concerned. in Abyssinia.

marc

Middle Sea. The Mediterranean in

13 vlew the neo-Italian nostrum, our sea. THE GENTLEMAN'S. AGREEMENT The Duce is careful not to define what precisely he means by mas- but that it Includes 0 tery. substantial diminution of British naval predominance in the Medi- terranean is clear from his spee- ches. and the recent strengthening of the British defences in the Mediterranean is represented by the Italian propagandists 29 a breach of the Gentlemen's Agree- ment.

While not taking an, alarmist view of the near future, Miss Baskerville holds it absolutely cer- tain that the Duce's Spanish policy has been dictated primarily by his resolve to establish Italian in- fluence in the western Mediter- ranean and weaken the position of both "Great Britain and France. The present direct result of that policy has been to strengthen the unity of Great Britain and France, and it would acem as "the Duce had overplayed his hand on the strength of his confidence in the recently

axds."

formed "Rome-Berlin

What the next dramatic move will be all the Duce's moves are staged dramatically-1s uncertain. Nor does the authoress attempt a The authoress is of opinion that categorical answer to the inter- the negotiations were badly hand-rogatory title of her book. What led by the British Government. course an avowed opportunist will She says that after Stresa three take is never predictable

and open. One was to advance.

Signor Mussolini negotiate with Mussolini "accord- stands forth from the sober nar- ing to the usage of secret diplomacy rative of this book as the most and borrow some of his bluff." unblushing opportunist The second was to wash our hands | political world to-day.

courses. were

A

CONCURRENT ANGLO-AMERICAN POLICY

To Curl Dictators And Restore Order

New York: Dec. 25. concurrent Anglo-American policy to curb the Dictators and restore order and safety in the world, is urged by the New York "Times" in a two-column Christ- mas Eve editorial.

The journal declares that 薛 parallel course would be both sen- sible and strong.

Self-interest suggests it, and world peace demands it.

$

In

in the

ANGLO-PORTUGUESE ALLIANCE

Lisbon, Dec. 25.

Great satisfaction regarding the safety of the Portuguese colonies is felt in Lisbon polical circles following the colonial debate in the British House of Commons.

One paper says that Herr Hitler and Mr. Anthony Eden have now given identical assurances that | the Portuguese colonies could

never become the object of inter- national dealings.

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Another paper declares that NORTH CHINA PLANS the Anglo-Portuguese alliance has been given a tonic such as it has not had since the days of Edward VII, and Portugal has re- Traditions and politics in theceived from the most authorita- United States prevent joint action but the limitation does not neces- sarily weaken the position of the two democracles, who by acting Transocean. independently but in a parallel direction, can set bounds on Dic-

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RESISTANCE

Tokyo, Dec. 25.

Barcelona, Dec. 25. Following two hours' delibera- The Spanish Government has tive British quarters unmistak-on yesterday afternoon and after declared that only isolated resis able proof of British loyalty to making certa'n modifications intance was being offered by the wards her oldest ally-

wording, the Cabinet approved the Insurgents in the Teruel sector. plan for developing North China. The snowy weather was delaying

the arrival of, Insurgent reinforce Substance of the plan will be re-

T ported to the throne to-morrow by ments.

tators and treaty bankers by U.S. Embassy Official

withholding raw materials and credits and without resorting to the formal plan called Sanctions.

On false information as regards British pacifism, Germany 'plung- ed the world into war with the disastrous results to herself.

False information as to Ameri- cau pacifism, and the concurrent mood of America and Britain, can mean but tragedy for Japan.

The democracies are moving for peace on earth, and their concur- rent efforts can achieve 16. Reuter.

General Chang Chun

Entertains Pressmen

Hankow. Dec, 25. General Chang. Chun, Secretary- General of the Generalissimo's

Going Home

Shanghai, Dec. 25. Mr. G. Hall-Paxton, Second Secretary of the United States Embassy at Nanking, and one, of the survivors of the Panay

the Premier, Prince Konove.

"Hester.

"Negative British Policy"

Rome Dec. 25.

MOK SUFFERING FROM A CHILL"

Gorilla House Closed

Mok, the Zoo gorilla, is suffering from a severe internal chill, and at the weekend It was considered advisable to close the Gorilla house to visitors, Mok has only had one -bad cold since his serious illness in The Insurgents admit that cer- 1933, but he always causes more "tain parts of Teruel were ceeu-anxiety-when-indisposed, owing to pied by the Government but state the fact that he has had double that the Government is still fight"| pueumonia.

ing bravely- Reuter.

Mok dislikes being shut up in a small den, and until late, on Saturday did he retire to a “sick the reason for refusal to recognise bed." The next dinculty was to Manchukuo, the Italian Empire dose him, as he objects to, taking "The Britian attitude towards and General Franco and support medicine, Eventually, however, the outrage, left for Manila yesterday the foreign situation is false and of the League of Nations as cham-keeper managed to make him, take on board the American destroyer antiquated," declares "Tribuna" in plon of the Versailles Treaty status medicine in a cup of tea. "Peary."

an article on International affairs ; quo, His departure was unheralded entitled "Negative British Policy." Object of the paper's irony is the but it is understood that upon ar- leader in the London Times"

rival in Manlia, Mr. Hall-Paxton, will take the Cliper to the United States and will then proceed to Washington with further details of the Panay affair. --Renter).

headquarters, entertained foreign pressmen at tea yesterday. Reuter,

stating that the British Govern- ment and the. Opposition wore uni- fed in their ultimate aims, if not in agreement on methods.

The British Empire, declares "Tribuna," would like to have the world stand still in order that not the slightest change in the balance of power takes place, this being

A.

Moina is very worried about The so-called British policy is Mok. She watches him through the riegative and provisional, since the bars that separate her from him British Government studiously re- and tries to get to him. trains from making any indication of its attitude and will not do so until its tremendous armaments programme is completed.

Other countries, however, will not sit idly waiting until a power tully armed British Empire is ready to indicate the future peace of the world

Transocean News Service

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