1937-12-12 — Page 2

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HONG KONG DAILY PRESS. SUNDAY, - DECEMBER 12, - 1937.

GERMANS IN Personalities At The

POLAND

New Minority Agreement

BY W. L.

Since German history has always been intimately connected with the history of Poland (partition of Poland under Frederick the Great, Baxony's King, also King, of Po- Iand etc. It is not astonishing -that standing expressions cun- nected with Poland should have entered Into German mentality. Eric, of these standing expressions was the sentence, "that is truly Polish fashion," indicating à state of disorderliness.

When therefore, In 1934 the German Government and the Go- vernment of Marshal Pilsudski entered into an agreement regulat- ing

question the

of German minorities in Germany, and declar- ing that two Governments pledged themselves to refrain from using force to settle any possible dlf- ferences of opinion, the world at large sighed with relief. Had there not always been the question of

Danzig, where Poland seeked to gain controlling influence, and the territory of Silesia, which was cut from the Reich as a result of the Treaty of Versailles? European Chancellories had been continually on the alert, watching the German- Folish frontier, the Polish Corridor. as one of the most dangerous points on the map of Europe.

But all was not as well as it seemed Marshal Pilsudski dled, and with him one of the firm believers in a Polish-German un- derstanding. It seemed as though his successors would again sacrifice the understanding with Germany for a closer co-operation with France, the country that had. until 1933 beer' the great friend of Poland.

ANXIOUS PROBLEM

The political re-modelling of the Free State of Danzig 'put a severe test on Polish statesmanship, and it often locked as though the world would see "trouble in the Baltic,

Many minor and major instances during the last few years have again made.. European statesmen watch the "Corridor" anxiously. and of late it had seemed 35 though after all, there could be no lasting peace in, that part of the world.

And then, suddenly, amidst a war in Spain, quarrel over Non- Intervention, a grave crisis in the Far East, unrest all over the world. there came news from Berlin and Warsaw that the question of minorities in these two states had been settled!

came

The two Governments together, and decided that the development in Danzig should not form misunderstanding between them. They agreed that the min- orities in each country would not be assimilated by force, as the "mutual respect of the two coun- tries for one another made this impossible."

TOLERANCE

The minorities were assured the right to use their own language freely, in private and pasiness life as well as in the press and at public gatherings, and they were assured that

inconvenience

no

would be forced upon them because of this. Minorities were permitted to associate. in private as well as in cultural and economic spheres. They were furthermore allowed to erect and maintain schools where 'their languages would be taught, and their religious practice in the mother-tongue

specifically permitted. They were free to live according to their principles and to maintain and develop their own charity organisations.

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With this spontaneous agreement between the two states, Europe once again concentrate its attention upon other matters. Danzig and the "Corridor" can be dismissed from the minds of troubled statesmen, and in the interest of world peace the re- sponsible leaders of Germany and Poland must be lauded for their timely and prudent action.

CHINESE PLANES ACTIVE

Hankow, Dec. 11.

were

Chinese air force planes despatched yesterday afternoon to Nanking to bomb the Japanese forces attacking the Chinese capital, and also to make obser- vations.

According to the pilots of the Chinese machines, which circled above Nanking at 4 o'clock yester- day afternoon, tremendous fres, both inside and outside the city waths, were visible from the sky-

Beuter.

Races

These pictures were taken in-between races at the Twelfth Extra Race Meeting at Happy Valley on Saturday December 4.

GENERAL KUO NOW IN COMMAND

Hankow, Dec. 11. General Kuo Chang, garrison commander of the Wuhan area, which includes the three cities of Hankow, Wuchang and Hanyang, nas assumed office concurrently as chief officer of martial law here.

He has also proclaimed twenty martial law regulations, violat- ion of which is punishable by death.

The ing. supplying of information to the enemy, spreading of propa- ganda for the enemy and inter- fering with communications.

Meetings and parades without authorisation are also prohibited.

Bruter.

#

regulations

include loot-

JAPANESE SENTRY

SHOT*

are included in one of them?

HOME FOOTBALL RESULTS

London,. Dec. 11.

The following are the results of Home football matches played-to- day:-

Arsenal Blackpool Bolton Brentford

FIRST DIVISION.

Derby Everton Huddersfield Leicester *Mchester C. Sunderland {Wolves "

Y... Middlesbro

*Postponed, ground waterlogged.

Postponed, ground unfit.

Perhaps you

LOCAL FOOTBALL RESULTS

FIRST DIVISION

Middlesex

6 Club

Watson. Brittain. Pearson 2,

Baw, Grogan.

I

Kowloon

Bliss, Knox D.

South China "B"

Chan Tak-fal, Yeung Shui- vick 2.

Palice (Chinese)

0

2

Seaforths

3

McKusker, Fraser, Dunnachie.

Police.....

Howlett

2 Preston

0

SECOND DIVISION

2 Grimsby

2

Liverpool

0

Seaforths

3F

Club

1 · Leeds

1

Samson 2, MeAloon.

Sloan, Wilson.

4 Chelsea

0

Kowloon

0

Kwong Wah

1 Birmingham

1

Chin Chi-fun 3. da Rocha 2. Lau Wing-kul.

2 West. Brom. 1

2 Stoke

0

South China

V Charlton

Yau Wa-hing. Chen Wing-hing,

Wong Mau-wal

0 Portsmouth

2

Li Wing-on. Lau Fook-chuch. Middlesex

2

Eastern

Marables, Talt.

THIRD DIVISION

R.A. Stanley

(HONG KONG) 5 Police

Roche 2. Burrows 2, Freer.

Stockport

1 R.AS.C.

Y Engineers

3. Burnley

3

Postponed,

4 Mchester U.

THIRD DIVISION (KOWLOON)

Newcastle

0

Kumaon Rifles

1

24th Bty. R.A.

3 Coventry

4

Partap Singh.

Findlay, Hil.

1 Barnsley

0

Seaforths......

RAF

1

1 Notts F.

Allen.

2 Bury

0

Portuguese S.A.

.... 5

1 2 Tottenham

20th Bty. RA. MacAndrew.

1

1 Luton

1

2

75

F.A. CUP (SECOND ROUND)

Bcarborough

4 Bromley

1

Wrexham

1 Bradford City 2

Cardiff Rotherham

1 Bristol C.

1

1 Aldershot

3

SECOND DIVISION

·Aston Villa Blackburn Bradford

Shanghai, Dec. 11. Following an alleged shooting | *Chesterfield attack on a Japanese sentry, Ja- Fülham panese military police to-day insti- Norwich tuted a house-to-house search in

Plymouth Nantao and the Nantao refugee | Wednesday zone, which has now been taken gouthampton

Swansea over by Japanese police.

According to a Japanese spokes- West Ham 0 Sheffield U. man, patrolling is to be a perman-

after * When abandoned ent measure.

minutes owing to light.

THIRD DIVISION (SOUTH) Notts C.

5 Northampton 0 THIRD DIVISION (NORTH)

2 Rochdale parlingen Oldham

The Japanese sentry was not hit and no arrests have yet been made. Japanese patrolling of the area does not mean, Japanese. taking over of the present work of the in- térnational refugee committee of teeding and housing refugees -Reuter.

REUTER'S MAN IN NANKING

3 Chester

SCOTTISH LEAGUE FIRST DIVISION

2 Queen's O'S 2 Falkirk

Dundee

- Clyde

4 Arbroath

4 Kilmarnock

Aberdeen Ayr *Celtic *Hamilton Hearts Hankow, Dec. 11. Reuter's special correspondent, Morton Mr. L C. Smith, is now the only Rangers British national inside the walled "St. J'stone

St. Mirren 1 Hibernian inner-city of Nanking."

Third Lanark 5 Motherwell *Postponed owing to snow.

SECOND DIVISION

Mr. Smith went on board a Bri- clah gunboat on December 9, when All Britons were evacuated from the capital, but in spite of dissuas alon, returned to the city yesterday to obtain first hand information of conditions there. --Reuter.

East Fife

Lawrence 2, Gaan 2, Santos H.

Doncaster Clapton O. Yeovil & Petters

-Exeter *

3

B. Liverpool

3 Newport

Tranmere "Mansfeld

1 Tranmere

2 Accrington

2 Queen's Park 1

Partick

13 Edinburgh All other Scottish Second Divi- alon matches were postponed ow- ing to snow.

Crewe

4 Guildford

2. York

Gainsbro'

Trinity.

2 1 Hull

1 Brighton

2 Bournemouth

-3 Hartlepools

**1 Lincoln,

3 Hartlepools

Watford.

3 Walsall

Walthamstow 10 Bouthend

SHANGHAI RACE RESULTS

Shanghai, Dec, 11. The following are the results of

o the fifth day's races of the Autumn

2 meeting which is being held by the

Shanghai Race Club:

1

Consolation Cup (Section One).

2 Nine furlongs.

Y. E. R. Eve's Magic Eve

(Maitland) 1 Winsome and Hasty's Windsor

NON-RECOGNITION PUT TO THE TEST Legal Fiction Exploded By Fascist States

SELF-INTEREST OF NATIONS

BY SIM KHIN LIN

After many months of tense expectation and heated discus- sion, the only tangible (rults of the Sino-Japanese controversy in the League of Nations were the Lytton Report, which con- demned the aggression of Japan, and the adoption of a incumbent upon the resolution by the Assembly that it was Members of the League of Nations not to recognize any situa- tlon. treaty or agreement which may be brought about by means contrary to the Covenant of the League of Nations or to the Pact of Paris." As a result, the non-recognition of "Manchukuo" was adopted by non-member states and all member-statės, except the small state of Salvador and Japan. However poor consolation this was to China when compared to her tremendous sacrifice of life and the loss of Manchuria, the non-recognition of Manchukuc" moral sanction against Japan which did not merely re- main a verbal condemnation. By

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national law, but reserved the use of arms only for their own nation. The Non-Intervention Commit- tee sits interminably amidst the mockery of armed intervention by Its members. The only concrete result of League arbitration in the Sino-Japanese dispute is the it the legal fiction was recognized negative doctrine of non-recogni- tien. When Japan again resorts and actually put into practice by the various Governments of the to armed force in China, the by world that, for all international League shirks responsibility relations, the pupper Government shifting it to the Brussels Nine- The of "Manchukuo" did not exist Power Treaty Conference. legally or in fact.

Conference expostulates, and lec- tures to Japan on the necessity of closely observing the just princi- ples of international law: and so the drama of nations moves slowly but inevitably to its close..

Although rion-recognition of "Manchukuo" was all that the self-interest of nations permitted to be done, it expressed the deter- mination of nations to discourage resort to armed force in inter- national relations, and to uphold the solemn obligations of the League Covenant and the Peace Pact of Paris. As such it was a warning to lawless nations who persisted in following a grab-and- take policy in international rela-government. With these gestures, tions. The non-recognition was therefore an unpleasant thorn in the side of aggressor nations.

PAT ON THE BACK Italy pats Papan on the back by and recognizing Manchukua,” thereby violates her obligations us a member of the League of Na- tions. Japan then pats back by recognizing General Franco's rebel

they again show that they are closer in relationship. and at the same time give to the world at large a significant warning. The rest of the world take the warn- ing, but, paralysed by conflicting self-interests, watch helplessly the spectre of fcrce which baunts the relations of nations, which dafly becomes stronger and bolder be- ability to deal with a situation cause of the shrinking back of created by force, since non-nations.

ILLICIT PLUNDER Unfortunately, pricking is all that non-recognition can do, for non-recognition comes in only when the aggressor is in possession of his illicit plunder. At the same time. it is also a confession of in-

recognition itself implies. recogni- The "flouting of the doctrine of tion that solemn obligations have non-recognition by the Italian re- been violated by an existing situacognition of "Manchukuo" reveals. tion. Seen in this light it may the helplessness of naked prinel-

ple. even be said to encourage nations who see in force the key to na- tlonal expansion.

The non-recognition" of "Manchukuo" will remair a new doctrine of international law so This inability is further exposed long as it remains a moral obliga- by the recent de jure recognition tion. Principles of international of "Manchukuo" by Italy. The law will remain mere academical non-recognition of "Manchukuo" principles unless sanctioned by

force the coercive

of nations. was in fact the recognition of a situation, though this was not Without being backed by the "col- admitted by a legal fiction. Un- lective force of member-states, the League will remain what it luckily for peace-loving nations. dictators see through fiction, but is a repository of poignant hopes

Ection. will not stop to play at

ignored and bullled by lawless The recognition of "Manchukuo" force by Italy has torn the veil from the doctrine of non-recognition. and exposed it nakedly as another sanction of international law the mercy of cold force.

BLOOD BAPTISM How easily we forget the costly lessons of history. We forget the blood that was shed for the prin- the ciples of Christianity: for How much longer nations will

rights of democracy; for the prin- continue to play at sanctions ciple of nationalism; and we now without Being

whole-heartedly expect the principles of interna- willing to make national efforts tional

security peace and and sacrifices is a question of the triumph by their own inherent future. The Immediate problem rightness. is that nations to-day dare not, or simply refuse to, face issues which confront them in the present

A WARNING When the Anti-Comintern Pact was signed by Germany, Italy, and Japan, it was also. besides its expressed intentions, a diplomatic warning to the world of the close relationship of nations who were determined to use force to open the way for national aspirations. When they shook hands and con- ferred, the world armed in ex- pectancy, and when they acted, the world hastily continued to arm, and expostulated by appeal. Ing to the principles of inter-

Ment's Mayorship .......................

. (LOK) 2

to

National organizations have been established and maintained by the determination and sacrifice of in- dividuals. The doctrines of the Christian Church, Fesclam, and Communism were baptised with blood. Have we any reason to ex- pect that an international.organi- zation for upholding world-peace and security will maintain itself without the sacrifice of the blood and energy of nations? Until this question is fearlessly faced, and answered by the annihilation of national selfishness, nations de- siring peace and security will con- tinue to expostulate in vain at the mercy of force.

Morn's Naming Mota

(Marshall) 1

Hawk's Merry Pilot (Wack) 3D. J's. Water Loobey .....(Jack) 2

Time: 1 min. 48.3/5 secs, Ling Sung Chiao Cup. Nine fur- longe.

(Pote Hunt) 3 Time: 2 mins. 34475 Beca Midoo Chiao Cup One and a (Needa) 1 quarter miles.

(Bell) 1

Bellenden's. The Fledging

Snack's Bundridge Park

Do's Merry Ramos (Striker) 2 Snack's Sundridge Park

(Striker) A. 6. Henchman's Port Marnock

(Renner) 3 The Farmer's Pharos .....(Jack)

Time: 2 mins. 42 secs. Lukou Chiao Handicap. Nine fur- longs.

2

1

9 Crystal F.

1

1 New Brighton -0

(Needa) 2 Manx's Moutauhua (Encarnacao) 3

Time: 2 mins. 20 seca. Consolation Cup (Section Two). Nine furlongs,

Time: 2 mins. 23,3/5 seck. Chun Cheng Chiao Plate. One Mile. Sing Foong's Dow Jones

1

China's New General

3

Swindon

2 Queen's PR, * When abandoned after

1

84

Cire's Foggy Light (Raymond)

Time: 2 mins. 21.2/5 seca,

(Encarnacio) ~~(T..L. Wong) · 1 Whyte Leafs's Don Augustin

(Wade) 62 | Clre's Cotton Light, ..... (Gram)

Winsome and Hasty's Therwan

(Needa) 3

2

3

2

Lo Yang Chiao Cup: Seven fur- longs.

Time: 3 mins, 7 secs.

(Wong)

minutes owing to the light.

after When abandoned minutes owing to the light. the FA Cup is being made on The draw for the third round of December 13.- Peuter.

G. Shaw's Fairy Starling

G. J. Mary's, Ununun...(Wade) 1' E. M. Hind's Experience-

(Pote Hunt) 2 Hardi's Welfentels....(Cumine)

Time: 2 mins 24.2/5 secs.

CHAMPION'S SWEEPSTAKE No 5804 First Frize

No. 12494. Second Prize

No. 6777. Third Prize

Shaforce Challenge Cup. One

and a quarter miles Morn's Radiant Morn

Reuter