1937-03-09 — Page 3

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L

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HONG KONG DAILY PRESS TUESDAY, MARCH 9, 1937.

N

EXPLORATION OF THE

AERIAL OCEAN

Weather And Air Travel

41

It is of comparatively recent date that the ever active human spirit of inquiry turned to the in-

vestigation of conditions prevailing .in the upper air, so-called the "free atmosphere." The explora

The plot type of ballons colls for rather expansive outfit of instruments and, being carried by the wind, it cannot, obviously, re-

cord the strength and direction

of air-currents. It is the latter tion of the aerial ocean above u

data however which are of parti- did not proceed very rapidly until cular significance in Aviation Wen- after modern technical needs lift-ther Forecasts and Ballistics, and ed the subject out of its previous 1 is necessary therefore to deter realm of purely scientific study. mine them by other means. Once progressing technics had per- mitted an access to the third di- mension of space an Interest in all its detalls and associated phe- nomenas was bound to become

acute

AVIATION

These questions, naturally will be of particular interest to those who by profession or Occupation must constantly cope with the matter, and this is also the rea- son why, practically, avis lon wea- ther service is now one of the most important branches of ma- teorology

FUMIGATION OF PLANTS

Indian Import

Regulations

Living plants except fruits and vegetables intended for consump tion imported by sen must be fumi- ated by hydrocyanic seld gas at a prescribed port of entry before be- ing imported to India. portation of living plants by let- ter, sample post or by air is total-

The im-

To this end the fact of the bally prohibited..

In addition to fumigation at the low being carried by the wind is made use of to render air motionsport of entry being compulsory, visible. for long distances. Hence all importations of living plants releasing one of these small india- must be accompanied by official rubber balloons and ascertaining

certificates of freedom from Insect its position at certain intervals it will be an easy matter to deter pests and diseases in the prescrib mine from these successive post- ed form. tlons the wind direction and velo- clty in the various region the bal- loon ascends thruagh, provided its vertical lift is known.

Seeds generally are not covered

Special regulations cover import- tons of rubber plants, rubber stumps and bud wood, potatoes, The respective positions of the sugarcane and citrus plants and balloon can be found with the aldations of rubber plants, rubber of a special instrument for mea- suring angles, the so-called Bal- cuttings. Certificates of freedom Weather plays an all-important loon-Theodolite, permitting the from certain specified diseases are part in air-travel. In fact, there determination of the angle the required in these cases. is no way of running an air-ser- track of the balloon forms with vice regularly and economically, at the horizontal (directional angle) the same time safeguarding the and the measurement of the alti-by the order, but special rules re- personal comfort of passengers,

tudinal angle. These measure-garding importation of seeds of unless provisions are made to sup-

ments can be effected in two ways, fax, bersim, cotton (including un- ply the pilot, at the start as well either by multiple or by stagle re-ginned cotton), coffee plants, cof- as continuously during long-dissection; the first method calling fee beans and coffee seeds are tance flights with reliable reports for the employment of two of these about the weather conditions pre- Theodolits-or of three, if a check vailing along his route, and at the is desired

be had. Upon different altitudes. Thus the pilot having set them with an is in a position to choose whatever exactly

known distance between height he considers best in respect each other, readings of the hort- of flying down wind and avoiding; zontal and vertical angles of the bad weather regions.

balloon-position are taken simult taneously (by the two opservers

GENERAL WEATHER FORECAST Again, an accurate knowledge of the upper air is of great prac-

tical interest also from a purely meteorological point of view, since

it has been shown that valuable conclusions may be drawn from such knowledge for the benefit of.

to

laid down..

The importation of "Mexican Jumping Beans" (Sebastiania Pal- mert) is prohibited absolutely.

signalling each other) and at in- shown on the maps as 'mostly tervals of about 1 minute between unexplored. To-day anyone study- each, reading. Using these reading' one of the latest maps of nor- ngs as a basis it will be possible thern Canada will note that it is to determine the position of the dotted with re-fuelling bases used balloon by trigonometrical com- by the aircraft now flying con- putation.

stantly in these previously-inc-

The second method, 1.e., the cessible areas. Settlements which

the general weather forecast. single resection is the simpler one

Unfortunately however, the aero- and can be carried out with the aid logical stations conducting obser- of the self-registering Balloon vations regularly, and whose tele- Theodolite manufactured by the graphie records could be compiled well-known optical firm Carl Zeiss and utilized, are still too limited in Jene. This method only em- in number, particularly so far as ploys one single Theodolite hand- oceanic stations are concarned.

Jed by one observer. To compute the position of the balloon re- course is taken to its' ascensional velocity which, as experience has Assumed to be a shown, can be uniform one in meeting the re- quirements of accuracy for this particular problem. Whilst the ob- server follows the balloon through 4 telescope x chart of the track is automatically plotted by an in- designed mechanism, geniously thus doing away with any lengthy computations.

ORDNANCE AND BALLISTICS A knowledge of conditions and phenomenas in the atmosphere is of significance algo for artilleristic and ballistic purposes. With the Increasing importance of indirect methods of firing. Le, when the sun is not fald directly for the target direct but is aimed at it by calculating the directions of the barrel-axis, pronounced attention is being devoted to all those factors likely to have an influence on the path of the projectile. This applies In particular to the atmospheric pressure as well as wind velocity and direction, and to the humidity In the layers both near the ground and la upper air.

kliometres

The time thus saved is a most

important factor for the Aviation Weather Service, since the results of these measurements, made by a large number of stations, must be ready at hand at a fixed time and sharp to the minute in order the weather charts and reports ts- sued within intervals

of a few hours each can convey a sound ag- gregate impression of the prevail- ing weather situation.

by

In order to form an idea about the altitudes modern projectiles ascend to may be of interest here to state that a projectile de- signed for A firing-range of 100 kilometres reaches a height of 30 uniformly regulated in 1929

The weather service having been

To acquire a thorough knowledge of the atmosphere in

international agreement, national boundaries have ceased to form relation to the aforementioned branches of work and leaving out

an impediment to this world-wide organisation. Weather charts, specialized studies altogether, an insight is required, first of all, into after all, are not identical with

geographical maps which the directions and velocity of the their permanency over long periods wind as well as into temperature of time, but are to furnish a gra and humidity. Investigations must be confined to certain lti-

retain

phic illustration every day of the Ludes which will differ according the atmosphere surrounding us.

eternally changing conditions of

to what object they are made for. Whereas a

of maximum height about 6 kilometres will be suf- fielent when studying conditions

for air-transport, greater altitudes The Value Of The Transport

must be explored for other pro- blems. In meteorology, for instance, the entire troposphere, with its cell- ing at a height of about 11 kilo- metres, as well as the bottom. layers of the stratosphere must be dealt with.

'Plane In Canada

Reports describing the contlued growth in the air transport of that freight in Canada indicate the use of aircraft provides. -tha RECORDING METHODS

only rapid method of travel Observations can be obtained in throughout areas variously esti- various ways and in the earliest mated" at from 80 to 70 per cent investigations kites were used to of the total extent of the Domin- carry the necessary recording in- on. In such regions the alterna- struments up to heights of 7000 tive to the aeroplane is still the metres. Later on small India-rub- dog-team or cance, and in regard ber balloons, pilot-balloons so-

to the latter the open-water sea-" called, were employed reaching al- son in the extreme north may be titudes of up to 35000 metres. These only a few months. '

balloons are either equipped with. Nowadays air transport is open- recording instruments whose indi-ing up territories hundreds of miles cations are read off when recover from main highways or rall-heads. ed after descent, or with miniature Not many years ago the limit of wireless apparatus. continuously. northern development was only a transmitting the readings during few miles from the railways dis the ascent.

tricts north of the rall-heads be-

PIMPLES and spots are a constant source of worry

and especially when they disfigure your face. You can soon make your skin clear and healthy again If you follow this simple treatment. Every night" smear a little Zam-Buk on the blemished parts. This refined herbal ointment readily penetrates Into the tissues, drying up poisonous discharges and soothing irritation. Zam-buk heals without a scar.

£ 1000

For

Your

SKIN WORRIES

--Rub Zam-Buk In Every Night.

ZAM-BUK

Herbal OINTMENT

Agneta--Marara. Gilman à To, Ed. Hong Kong

SMART MAN!

he uses Anzora

A very amark idea! For a little Antorn used on the hair in the morning will keep it tidy until bedtime. And a neat appearance is an asset, socially or in businesa. There is no other hair fixativu as good as Anzora-for more than thirty years it has been supremo. And it suits every head. Anzora Cream for greasy scalps, uzora Viola for dry scalps and Anzora Brilliantine you prefer glossiness.

if

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DIRECTORY & CHRONICLE

OF THE FAR EAST

CHINA, JAPAN, MALAYA, PHILIPPINE ISLANDS, INDO-CHINA, NETHERLANDS INDIA, ETC.

(Published by The Hong Kong Daily Press, Ltd.)

First Edition 1862, revised and enlarged annually

1937 EDITION

AN -ESSENTIAL REFERENCE. BOOK

FOR BUSINESSMEN

MANY CHANGES & ADDITIONS.

ORDER FORM

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