1936-12-01 — Page 2

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HONG KONG DAILY PRESS TUESDAY, DECEMBER 1, 1936.

AVIATION

WORLD'S BEST MARINE AIR LINER AIR MAIL LAW

"Canopus" Excites French

Favourable Comment

FASTEST COMMERCIAL". BOAT IN THE WORLD

H

the

"Canopus." Arst, of the fleet of magnificent four-engined monoplane flying boats now in course of construction to orders of Imperial Airways at the Sbert factory. Rochester, has entered upon regular service in the Mediterranean, She is covered by an airworthiness certificate which proves the new boats to be considerably faster and more effelent than any other commercial flying boat in the world.

"

MAXIMUM 200 ALP.H. Maximum speed, checked eve official trials Felixstowe, sea- planë experimental station of the Royal Air Force, is 200 m.ph... attained at a height of 5,500 feet above sea-level with full load or board and all equipment in place.

dard fuel tankage sufficient for normal range in calm air, of 768 miles.

EXPECTATIONS EXCEEDED..

Performance of the new boats has greatly exceeded expections. All figures stipulated in the con- tract were surpassed in the official On some trial flights even higher trials. One take-off occupied the speeds were recorded. Best crus-extraordinarily short thine of 12 ing speed is more than 160 miles seconds, an hour. Both of these speeds are much superior to speeds reached by any other commercial flying-boat yet r service: the

surpases that o the fastest American four-engined commercial monoplane by twenty miles an hour.

cruising figure

some

LONG RANGE FLIGHTS

Two of the new boats have been launched and flown. The third. called "Centaurus."'' 15 ready. Others are likely to emerge from the factory at the rate of phy every four

tights

weeks. The

second

and the attainable "celling." with a load on board. is in the neighbourhood of 20:000 feet-remarkable achievement, for a big Aying boat. Plainly, many world records in the seaplane class with various loads on board are within the powers of the new Empire boats; unfortunately, the boats are too urgently needed on the commercial services to permit of time being taken to prepare one of them for a series of attacks on records.

FOREIGN ADMIRATION

French

written

دار

expert commentators craft Caledonia"-18 Atted with who saw "Canopus" during her across France on the extra fuel tanks and is intended journey

Mediterranean

with and spoke admiration of her qualities. They have also expressed keen in- terest in the methods adopted by the short company which enabled entirely new type of large marine aircraft to be ordered "off

for long-range experimental | way to the

eventual have connected with establishment of a regular airmail pervice over the North Atlantic Ocean. With full load it weighs 45,000 lb-approximately twenty tons-as against the 40,500 lb. al "Canopus," which has the stan-

an

MOTOR

THE DEADLY SKID

Winter Begins

THE DAILY RISKS

Any morning now we may wake up to find ourselves in real winter, with all its attendant discomforts. risks, and perils, and it is more than ever of the first importance for a habitual roaduser to reallsa them. For the next four months at least the cautious driver will, in his mind's eye, double the pos- sibility of accident, states "The Observer"

BC-

the drawing board," and put into service less than Avé months arte. the Mrst machine bad been Kuncited. By contrast,

лев Mig French four-engined flying Joat which made its first flights as long ago as last March, it stil undergoing modifications and is not likely to conclude its trials for several months to come.

PLAN WITH PRECISION In addition to the most exhaus- tive study of many thousands of models the Short company bulit a haf-scale flying model of the

new boats in the form of the Scion-Senior seaplane. craft powered with four Pobjoy Niagara 90 h.p. engines which reproduced In little the desired characteristics of the big boat. Fortiñed by the results of test flights of the Sclont- Sentor, which extended even to rigorous tests of a new form of wing-flap that was to be installed In the boats, the company's de- signers were able to plan with absolute precision the form and structure of the boats. No modi- Acations of any importance were

all hand ing required, and

and flying trials went through without

a hitch.

ESSENTIAL LINK

What Australia Has Laid Down

SEVERE PENALTIES

NEW BOMBERS FOR

AIR MINISTRY"

High Performance, Land Capacity, And Long Range

Government plans for rearma

FOR LATE ARRIVALS ment of the Royal Air Force with

aeroplanes "second to

none" Canberra, Nov. 13.

technical efficiency and military power are in process of rapid and Three cardinal principles on

Already in which the Commonwealth has in-, sure materialization.

large-scale production are fighting sisted as a condition for entering | # Arteen-year Anglo-Australian and bombing aircraft that set new world standards in every aspect air mall contract were given by or performance, including in the Str Archdale Parkhill, the Mini- ter of Defence, as follows:---

(1) Australia's right to with- draw from the partnership at any time if she is dissatisfied with the conduct of the service:

(2) Severe penalties to prevent the late arrivals of the English malls to Singapore:

(3) Complete and effective con- trol of the Singapore-Sydney leg of the journey.

The Minister explained that owing to the Imposdbility of an earlier completion of the flying- boat construction programme in Britain it had been decided to postpone the inauguration of the service until January. 1938 states a Reuter message.

On her way to the Mediter- runean: "Canopus" flew along the fine delimited by the new seaplane alighting places in France. Nea- rest to England of these prepared inland expanses of water is at SPEEDOMETER

CASE

Caudebec-en-Caux. near Rouen. another is at Macon, on the river Saône, where

a seaplane base is being prepared at a cost of several thousand pounds.

the Empire flying- Normally ouats will make straight for Mar- seilles from the English terminus, which will be alther Portsmouth o- But the existence Southampton.

"TEST

Great Importance To

Motorist"

Hendon Magistrates recently ad- Journed a speed summens after Mr. John Blekford, an Automobile Association solicitor. had refused

Äghter category the fastest mill- tary demoplane yet built and flowm. and in the bomber class machines that in speed. load capacity and range will multiply several times the striking power of the Service. Latest officially announced orders.

concera two formidable medium bombers, each of which possesses technical features of unusual interest. The prototypes of these craft--the "Handley Page Type" 52 "Aghter-bomber" and the "Vickers twin-engined "geode- tic" monoplane-were "flown for the first time in June, attracting the close attention of British and foreign technicians at the Royal Air Force and SB.AC. Displays. Ingenious planning of fuselage and exceptionally silm, clean lines characterize the Handley Page machine: the Vickers aircraft. built to a system which ensures great saving of weight, has the further advantage of excellent streamline shape and consequent high performance.

Quesioned about the stop watch used, Police Constable Taverner said that it was tested in Septem-

to accept the evidence of the pollceber. He was not present.

of Intermediate alighting places will be useful when weather con- as to the accuracy of the instru- ditions or the demands of trafficments used for timing.. forbid the non-stop fight to the Mediterranean seaport; they form an essential link in the present fying-boat chain of air services between England and the overseas Dominions.

JOTTINGS

It

ber of miles so treated is still very small and it was probably far Emaller during the twelve months when the analysis was made. There are many places left." in every part of the country as well as in the outskirts of many towns both large and small. where you of the skids that are not must drive as cautiously as ever you did before the great "recon-unsafe tyres. struction scheme was thought of.

of balance may be due to any of a dozen things, including over- hang at either or both ends, and amateurish weight-distribution is still one of the designer's favourite night-mares, like spring- ing. It is still responsible for most

mission, could be relied upon to

couragement.

·

A CAUSE OF SIDE-SLIP

caused

by hopelessly greasy roads, or

room for It....

even of

the

THE DANGER OF WORN TYPES Apart from driving with great care there is only one thing one can do to reduce the risk, and that is to use none but safe tyres.

I

<ar

Mr. Bickford submitted that unless the police proved the ac- curacy of the speedometer and the stop watch the case must fail

"I am using this as a test case." be added, "because it is a matter

Police witnesses stated that 'the speedometer on their

was tested at 30 miles an hour, and Mr. Bickford; pointed out that was no proof that it was accurate at 38 miles an hour. the speed at of great importance to motorists which his client was alleged to that there should be absolute.ac- have travelled.

curacy.:

DAZZLE PROBLEM SOLVED

Polarised Light: Modern Application Of Old Discovery

recently In this country and in the United States have proved beyond all question that a real solution of light problem has the dazzling been found at last. It is termed polarised light, # phenomenon that is said to have been known since the middle of the seven- teenth century but one that has not long been given commercial possibilities, states the "Glasgow Herald"

Demonstrations given

Two essentials attach to the effective application of polarised light to the solution of the head- First, the light dazzle problem reflected rays of the lamp must pass through a rolarised disc, and secondly, the person who is to avoid being dazzled must view the Dolarised light through a screen, or "analyser," also polaris- ed

that move in a direction at right angles to those transmitted by A.

Now if in front of a beam of light we interpose crystals of the A class and view the transmitted Light through crystals" of the B type, all dazzle will be prevented. because the A crystals will absorb the waves or rays moving in one direction and the B crystals will absorb the rays that pass through the A crystals.

- But although these two classes of crystals interposed between our eyes and the light do not allow the dazzling rays to reach us, we can see through the crystals any object illuminated by the light. Therein lies all the difference oe- tween looking through a polartied screen and looking through smok- ed glass; neither the light nor our vision will penetrate the latter f "the "smoking" is carried besond

a certain density.

This skidding. question remains If it was dangerous then it is

paramount among the winter risks, much more dangerous now, partly and it is of the greatest Im- because there are twice as muns

portance that every" driver should cars of all sorts, partly because take all possible precautions they are all without exception. minimise the risk of it. With the driven very much faster, partly high general speed and density of

side-slip. and paradoxically because their traffic brakes are infinitely more e-lightest, holds all the ingredients clent. In past days we drove of tragedy. Every day there is less very carefully over suppery sur- face because we dared not use our brakes. The Side brakes were There are the usual sources of generally unequally set. and the risk to be thought of, frost, snow, foot-brake, working..on the trans- and worst of them all, fog, but every year the road itself grows bring off the most hair-raising believe the use ot smooth-worn more perilous. the chances of dis-side-slip on the smallest en- tyres is or soon will be a punish- aster greater. The famous

able offence, like that of worn cident-analysis made. by the

| brakes. During the past week or Ministry of Transport this year

two, in the weather that has al- Those terrers are long past. but; ternated so suddenly from wet to showed, among other astonishing

has caused the dry and back again falways spe- and disconcerting revelations, that their abolition the condition of the roads as a usual reaction. Four-wheel brakes cially risky), I have taken the whole played only a small part permit of use and liberties im- opportunity at all stops to look at in the general responsibility.

possible with the old type, and the other people's tyres, and the pro- We had thought, who spend natural tendency of every driver portion of those with little if any of " our days on the of a modern car is to go the Hmitt. tread-pattern left has been very

Because crowded roads,

and do. slow high. skidding, to suy noth-down and violently stop our care It is, of course, perfectly natural should wear bl-vision spectacles, { of blind bends and other in a very short time and distance to postpone the unpleasant ex-the latter having glasses or lenses faults in design, would account without disaster, we get into the penditure on

new tyres. even for a good third of the other way of forgetting that though the though one accepts the fact that wise preventable crashes, but it turned out that, however many or however few skids there were. they resulted in an insignificant number of accidents. It was, per- haps the most unexpected fen- ture of the entire report."

most

open that

and the

SKID-PROOF ROADS

we can.

new brakes do not encourage skid- ding, there is nothing changed in the rest of the car. The balance may be just as bad in your 1937 as in your 1027 or 1907 model.

The viewing screen can be in the form of the whole of the glass In practice it has been found of the windscreen of a car; but best to polarise the light of head- this is not considered either ne- lamps at 48 degrees to the horizon- cessary or desirable, and it is sug- tal. That is to say, the crystals gested that, as convenient and in the lamps absorb all parallel effective alternatives. either an waves that are moving diagonally the ordinary to the left, while the crystals in sun viso: should be fitted the viewing screen absorb the Or that drivers waves moving diagonally to the right. The lamp crystals absorb

extension

to

cars

01

of which the top half of each had been polarised,

half the glare; the crystals in the viewing screen absorb the other half.

COMPULSION ESSENTIAL

it must be faced as soon as pos- Įsible. The buying of new tyres is

CRYSTALS OF TWO CLASSES

Thus, dazzle is not prevented, probably the most hated of all It is not easy to explain in sim- but merely halved, if only the motoring necessities, particularly ple language what the term "po- headlamps have a polarising nowadays when they last for any-lariseri light" means, but the fol- screen. To eliminate the other It is well to remember, that un- thing between 15,000 and 25,000 lowing explanation will give a half, the oncoming driver's vision comfortable fact. It falls to me miles. Even the fact that they general idea of what is involved. of the "polarised lights must pass every month to drive a good many cost less than they have ever done Light is an electro-magnetic through a polarised viewing cars of all sorts, from the most before and that the whole five radiation consisting of waves or screen. Hence, unless all cars powerful and expensive, to the probably do not represent more vibrations and in natural light have both" means of dealing with: feeblest and. cheapest, from the than twelve shillings per thou- these occur at random, or, we may dazzle, the solution of the problem few accidents were caused by skid-į heaviest to the featherweights, sand miles in the bills, even that say, at all angles. Now certain will not be applied' effectually, or ding, and not that there were very and in one way or another, main- consolation seems to miss fire. crystals, call, then the. Atype. | invariably. Obviously, this implies few skids. We are now getting ly by observing how they comer Look upon the price of a set of have the property of transmitting that polarised headlamps must be skid-proof surfaces laid down in at speed, I discover that not all, new tyres as an insurance pre-only the waves of light that move made compulsory, so that drivers various parts of the country of even nearly all, "the best carmlum. It is the best description in a certain direction; others with polarised viewing screens

principally in towns, but the num- ale properly balanced. The lack of

type B. transmit only the waves shall not be dazzled.

For myself, I am still unconTM vinced that is to say, I think that "it was a matter of luck that so

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