1936-11-16 — Page 2

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EVOLUTION AND

PSYCHOLOGY -

Prof. Nixon's Lecture On

Mind And Body

Below is "published the concluding portion of the lecture on **ind and Body" given by Prof. W. C. W. Nixon, before the H. K. University Medical Society meeting on Friday.

Darwin's researches gave a tre- an exposition of one or other of mendous impetus to the shaping the sciences in a popular form. of contemporary psychology since | The subject matter is presented they implied a psychological fac- I as palatable and digestible a tor in evolution. In the Descent way as possible. In particular of Mar he showed the similarity does this apply to psychology, between human reasoning and Complexes. perversion or repres- processes of the animál mind. The

sion are words which are now in- mental gulf between man and the cluded in the vocabularies of all rest of the animal kingdom was and sundry. But more especially bridged. With the name of Dar-is the badinage of the cocktail win (b.1809) must be coupled that party centred round them of Calton (b.1822). It was the the "cliches" of the brighter set latter who investigated the pro- based upon them. However, the blem of individual differences and discerning few do realise the im- devised a statistical method "coef- portance and position, of paycho- ficient of correlation"in order to

logy in our daily communal and And the relation between mental individual problems.

10 qualities. By raising the problem

and

The eminent London magistrate, of Individual differences and the M. Claude Mullins, is a reformer creation of this instrument of re-endowed with perspicacity. But search. he la entitled to a form- | tike all reformers he is having an most place as a pioneer of con- | uphill fight. In the court he has

and

GOVERNMENT

PETITIONED

Restaurants Ask For Reduction In Licences

The owners of Uninese restau rants in Hong Kong have written to the Chinese General Chamber of Commerce, asking that or- Eanisation to approach the Oor- ernment on their behalf for a re- duction of their licence fees, in view of the business depression,

··It is stated that in the case of some of the larger establishments these

fees amount to $3,000 a year. Following consideration of the matter, the Chamber has de- cided that a representative will call upon the Hon. the Secretary for Chinese Affairs, carrying a petition in the sense requested.

The To To Sin Koon, one, of the oldest and best-known restaurants

the Colony, 'enjoying the pat-" ronage of foreign residents, has lately had to close down, owing to the prevalling damcult business conditiona

temporary psychology. Again found that the problem of Juvenlie STREET SALE OF

Darwin's studies led to the dis- and adolescent delinquency covery of genetic relations be the problem of matrimonial dis- tween animals, primitive peoples. | cord are problems of frequent co- children and abnormal persons currencë. Now these two subjects with normal adults in respect of | are closely associated. As he says, mental processes 4

PAVLOV'S RESEARCHES Before concluding this historical survey, mention must be made of the researches of the Russian physiologist, Pavlov, recently de ceased. Although he openly Bout- ed the Bolshevik tegime he was allowed, in view of his brillant contributions to the scientific world, "every privilege, considera-

tion and liberty. He paved the way for the establishment of the

modern school of Behaviourism which has many adherents. He induced salivation in dogs as & reaction to the ringing of a bell after the bell had been rung & number uf times in connection with the presentation of food. Similarly, with very young

chil- dren a fear-reaction can be pro-

duced when they are startled by a noise associated with the sight of an object for which the child shows no fear. A dog. In which the infant had previously only shown interest, afterwards in- duced fear-behaviour If It had beer seen at the same time as the chud had been frightened" by a violent noise. Thus we become "conditioned" and complex be haviour can be explained by en- vironmental, "conditioning."

other

the best time for dealing with de-

quency is surely nine months before delinquents are born. These matters are not purely issues of law and evidence. The causes of matrimonial discord are manifold, but the biggest reasons by far have a psychologica; backgroun and are due to sexual ignorance and disagreement. Cases in which maritál maladjustment is a pro- minent factor are dealt with in the privacy of Mr. Mullins's office and not in the sustere atmosphere The couple the open court. concerned talk over their "difficult- les: with him, if necessary, he en- lists the aid of a priest or doctor. Now I would go further in this experiment and suggest that every town, should have a "consultant panel" consisting of a priest, ma- Kistrate, school teacher and doc-

for, with one, if not more, of these Individuals being a woman. I feel sure that such committees would contribute not only to individual but also to national happiness.

DOYEN OF PSYCHOLOGICAL

WORLD

form of

FLOWERS

Confucian Society Big Drive

FUNDS FOR FREE SCHOOLS

The substantial sum of nearly $3,000 in aid of the 17 free verna- cular schools under the Bong Kong Confucian Society, was the total collected on Saturday from the street sale of flowers.

At the conclusion, committee members of the Society gave & dinner, held at the Kam Loong Restaurant, in honour of all whose who participated in the sale.

Miss Lau King-tsing collected the highest amount of $121.58.

Miss Luen Shing-tsing turned in the sum of $34.19.”

The annual meeting of the mem- bers of the Hong Kong Society for the Protection of Children, will be held at the Helena May Institute at 5.30 p.m. on Thursday, Dec. 17.

founder of Individual Psychology which recognises the mind and the Individual 2.0 毖 body or "whole." The bearing of Holism on the problem of dis-ease should appear obvious. Nature's now

is towards tendency

"wholing" (healing) but she and Man make mistakes which result in dis-ease of unwholesomeness. The logical sequence upon this should be the exercise by us all of holistic vision or "awareness."

И

MENTAL ILL-HEALTH

Institutes for psychological re- search are being established the world over and although it is in- vidious to mention names, yet hose of Adler. The latter is the Freud, Jung, Adler, Myers, McDou PRESENT POSITION OF

gall are a few of the outstanding PSYCHOLOGY

leaders. Each has his own method The psychological and social of approach to a particular sub- sciences are, it is universally ad- fect each belongs to a special mitted. In a lamentably backward school of thought. Freud is the state au compared with those "doyen" or the psychological world sciences which deal with and is the protagonist of deep our physical environment. Since Daycho-analysis as the War our whole outlook has treatment. charged and is changing as the Personally. for what one may result of the progress of scienti-call rough-and-ready psychology fic study and experiment. The I have no hesitation in recom- materialistic and mechanistic

mending the doctrine of Adler. views of the last century, encour-He emphasises the importance of aged by the biological discoveries the Individual and his or her re-

At the present time more than (1) interhuman rela- of Darwin, are being displaced by cations to

at any other can psychology help speculation which tends at times tons (the attitude towards fellow even to mysticism,

men, friends); (2) work (occupa, one and all. Disillusion, envy. suspicion and the mania of acute on or profession in the case of nationallam, have gripped the ns- an adult-school in the case of a child); (3) sex riage Of his many books which have been translated into Eng- organic cause to find thai sh, "The Science of Living" and men could be paralysed, blind, "What Life should mean to you" deaf and dumb through purely help. one to appreciate the real mental processes. Resultant upon meaning and value of Individual this is the present monistic out- Psychology. "Co-operation is the look to illness, namely, that there meaning of life says Adler. In- is an interaction between mind dividual Psychology is not merely and body and the one cannot be a therapeutic nostrium for the divorced from the other. It is nervous and mental disorders of not an exaggeration to say that this age. It does more, it empod the mind plays a part in all dislès a philosophy of life. ease and may start it. Mental - -ness acords a fertile soil in which the seeds of organic disease can germinate. Thus fear, worry, an xdety, may initiate or stimulate the breakdown in function of some vital organ in our bodies.

Perhaps the Great War has done more to bring psychology into the lime-light than anything else. Tt was disconcerting for those who considered that finess was due to

some

BUSH OF MODERN LIFE With the maddening rush of modern life and its concomitant strain we have not far to look for instances of psychological less. This year at the annual meeting of the British Association - two members of the medical profes- son, Lord Horder, Physician to H.M. The King, and Dr. Gillespie

of Guy's Hospital, London, replied,

to the question: What are the causes of nerve. strain?".

The former stressed external conditions as causal whereas the latter emphasised the Importance of personal unhappiness and con- flict within the mind.

Attempts are being made every day to produce for the lay public

(love and mar-

HOLISM.

tions. The mental ill-health of statesmen and the mobilisation of the unconscious are important contributory factors to the present disharmony between nations.. Po- litical leaders in. one hand hold an olive branch and in the ather a pistol. Once more "the lights in Europe are going out." State, the race, the "-isma" the order of the day. It can be rightly said that moral must pre- cede materia): disarmament. Po- uticisms, and even the ecclesias

The

are

tics, seem unable to stem the tide which is fast carrying us to our The omniscient, J. C. Smuts, at own destruction. "Mass-neurosis" one time Prime Minister of South and "Tear-reaction" are now na~ Africa, made "Holism" the title of tional aliments and with these his presidential address to the there is the inability of men. to British Association some years face each other frankly' and to ago. In this book "Holism and discuss the problems of their an-" Evolutión" will be found the fol-eties, their root causes and the lowing passage.

way to deal with them

"A poem or a picture is prats ed because it is a "whole," be cause it is not a more artificial construction, but an organic whole in which all the parte ap pear in a subtle, indefinable way to subserve and contribute to and carry out the main purpose or idea."Wholes are ba- agreeable situations.

Evasion is the dominant amp- tom in the neurotic individual,;; and this is pandemic to-day. The neurotic settles his or her pro- blems in this manner. In the same way this method seems to be the most popular amongst na- tional leaders for dealing with dis-

ale to the character of the uni-In conclusion, you must learni verse, and Holism, as the operato differentiate those who are un- tive factor in the evolution of happy from finess and those who wholes, is the ultimate principle are from unhappiness. May 1 of the universe And Ho; commend to each one of you, man lam Is the driving force behind and woman fratty, that well- progress,*/

known Latin proverb, "Mens sana There Is much in common be- y corpore sano, and, secondly. tween the views of Smuts and two words Know thyself"

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