1936-09-22 — Page 3

Are You Tortured by

HONG KONG DALY PRESS, TUESDAY, SEPTEMBER 22, 1936.

NITROGEN AND PLANTS

A MASTER OF THE ROBES

CANADA WHEAT PROSPECTS

the Maddening Itch of Anniversary Of A New Post In King's Ontara, Cansa. A whet her-

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Discovery

INOCULATION OF SEEDS

Fifty years ago, in September. 1886, two German agricultural scientists made announcement which solved a problem that had puzzled the world for thousands of years.

'

Household

LORD COLEBROOKE

Canada-A

vest between 210 and 225 million bushels as compared with averages of about 375 millions and a high

peak of 568 millloris (1928) appears to be in sight for Canada this Further appointments to the year, Early threshing retums, sug- Households of the King and the gest that the wheat will be of the Duke and Duchess of York were.] high quality which has made this announced recently in London Product famous all over the world. Gazette."

The King makes the appointments, to date 21, 1936, except where

As Canada, has reduced her carry- following ΟΥΕΤ to the lowest point in six

years. from July

the prospects 20 that ätherwise when this harvest is disposed of, a normal carryover will again

To ba an extra Groom-in-be achieved. Canada normally Waiting: Colonel Sir Victor Aud- ley: Falconer Mackenzie,

The occasion was the Natur-stated:- forscher-Sammlung at Rørlin, and the scientists were Professor Hell- regel and Dr. Willfarth. They were able to explain why it is that leguminous plants like clover, peas, and beans are so rich in nitroger... and why, unlike most plants, they actually enrich the soil with nitro- sen instead of impoverishing it of this element.

A

To be an Equetry: Commander Charles Edward Lambe, R.N.. to date September 1, 1936.

To be Master of the Robes: Lord Colebrooke.

To be Surveyer of the King's Works of Art: Lord Gerald Wal- lesley.

The position of Master of the Robes, to which Lord Colebrooke has been appointed, is a new one. During the reign of King George there WOS

no Master .01 the Robes, but the Duchess of Devonshire held the position of Mistress of the Robes. In this

It is clear from the writings of Övid and Varro and Vergl, that the Romans were well aware of the value of beans and vetches as a preparation for wheat, but al though this knowledge was hand- ed on through the ages and was acted upon by farmers in many countries. the reason W29 not known. It was not until the begin- |capacity she attended the Queen ning of the nineteenth

century

that glimmerings of the truth ap- peared.

then

discovered

. Boussingault that in a rotation of wheat and fallow, the wheat contained less nitrogen than had been supplied In the manure; but in a rotation in which clover or lucerne were in- cluded there was removed in the crops

nitrogen than the manure had contained. It seemed as though the leguminous crop were, actually adding nitrogen to the soll

more

AT ROTHAMSTED. «

non-

at Court and on other ceremonial Occasions. As, there is no Queen of England the position becomes one

attendance on involving

similar occasions upon the King. and is therefore A masculine appoint-

ment

!

The duties of the Master or Mis- tress of the Robes are to a large extent ceremonial. The position carries with it responsibility for the ceremonial garb of the Sover- eign on such occasion as the Coro- nation

Lord Colebrooke was permanent Lord-in-Waiting the late King from 1924. and previously served as Lord-In-Waiting first to King Edward VII. and then to King George, originally receiving the àp- pointment in 1906,

THE KING'S PICTURES - Lord Gerald Wellesley, who is a new-comer to the Royal House- hold, succeeds Bir Cecil Harcourt- Smith as Surveyor of the Royal Works of Art; a position which Sir

But the curious fact remained that. In the careful experiments carried out by various workers where plants

supplied were with known amounts of nitro- gerk. and the plants wer? later analysed. It seemed equally certain that the sole source of the plant's nitrogen was that supplied to the roots. Pugh, cl Rothamsted, for example, grew various leguminous and

Cecil bas held since 1928. The ap- legumirlous plants under glass pointment involves responsibility shades in sterilised earth, washed

for the King's collection of pain- all the air supplied to the plants tings and other works of art at Buckingham Pakce, Windsor to rid it of ammonia, and measur- ed most accurately the nitrogen Castle, Sandringham, and Balmor given in the form of solutions ta al- collection which, in the opin- the roots.

ion of experts, is beyond price! It of world-famous From these and similar experi-includes scores

Sir Cecli ments there seemed to be not the works by old masters.

Harcourt-Smith WILS responsible slightest chance of green plants

on the occasions of the weddings fixing the free nitrogen of the air,

of the Duke and Duchess of Kent as the great chemist Liebig had imagined Lawes and Gilbert and the Duke and Duchess of were inclined to think that the

Gloucester for the organisation of

subsoll was the source of the extra

the display of royal wedding pre- nitrogen found under field condi-

sents at St. James's Palace.

tions.

13

Hellriegel and Willfarth, in their experiments with plants grown in sand and fed with nutrient solu- tions, noticed that the growth of most species was proportional to the amount of nitrogen supplied Occasionally a leguminous plant, however, grew quite well although no nitrogen at all was supplied to it in solution. In these cases it was noticed that the roots of the plant were' covered with the amall swellings or nodules characteristic of the species when growing in the field. These nodules were absent where the plants were doing badly, but by adding a watery extract) of sall to the sand in which they were growing, the formation of nodules was encouraged, and the plants then became juxuriant.

MODERN DEVELOPMENT.

In this way was formulated the theory of the nutrition of legum- thous plants that hold good to the present day. It is that the root nodules harbour immense numbers

Lord Gerald Wellesley, who is 51. Is the present Duke of Wellington's brother. He entered, the Diplo- matic Service in 1908 and retired in 1919, having been Becretary at Petrograd, Constantinople, - and Rome. He married Dorothy Violet, daughter of the late Mr. Robert Ashton, of Croughton, Cheshire, and Lady Scarborough. They have one son and a daughter.

Colonel Bir Victor Mackenzie. who is appointed Extra Groom-in- Waiting, has been a Groom-in- Waiting since 1933. He was best dran at the wedding of Princess Mary and Lord Lascelles (now Lord Harewood),

Commander C. E, Lambe who is to be an equerry, became executive officer of the Vernon Torpedo School last year. During the war he served as a midshipman in the Emperor of India, Grand Fleet. DUKE OF YORK'S MEDICAL ADVISERS

+

+

The Duke and Duchess of York. tave made the following appoint-

af bacteria; the bacteria are ablements to their households:-

to fix nitrogen from the air in the way, that some free-living bacteria are known to do; the plant even- tually reaps the benefit of this combined nitrogen, whilst the Boll also becomes enriched

as the roots

The decay. earlier experimenters had fail- ėd because they. sterilised their sand or soil, thus making it Impossible for the bacteria to grow.

To be physicians-in-ordinary: George Frederick SHI, M.D FR.CP.; Sir John Weir, M.B.; Henry Letheby Tidy.

M.D. FRCP.: Daniel Thomas Davies, M.D., FR.CP.

To be surgeons-in-ordinary: Bir Lancelot Edward Barrington- Ward, MB., FR.C.S.; Arthur Espie Porritt, M.B., FR.CS.

The most important modern de- velopment of the work of Hell teria, and these are now available riegel and Willfarth is the inocula- to the farmer through the agency tion of the seed of lucerne and of Brim of manufacturing soya bean with cultures of the re- chemists. For three shillings the quisite bacteria. These plants of- farmer can buy-two tubes of bac- ten fall because the correct nodule teria, sprinkle the contents over organism is not present in the soil. enough seed to wow an acre, thus Recently. Dr. Thornton, of Ro-ensuring a good stand of lucerne thamsted, has selected some very and the enrichment of his land vigorous strains of lucerne bac with cheap nitrogen.

requires trom 100 to 115 mil- lion bushels for domestic require- ments, so that only about 100 mil- Honbushels of the 1938 crop will be available this year for export. In addition about 115 million bus- hels from previous harvests were on hand at the beginning of the new crop year.

The distribution of the crop, is very spotty, and large arely have no harvest at all. Several million acres will either be cut for feed or else yield utile more than 'seed. The regions where the harvest is very heavy are limited. Fortunate- ly dry weather is prevailing in the harvesting weather, and the loss from this cause does not at pre- sent seem to be very threatening. Dry weather also kept down the rust menace, which a year ago took a very heavy toll from Canadian fields.

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Nearly all the spring wheat in; grown in the east. The total pro- Canada is produced on the western duction of the latter amounts to

prairies, and the winter wheat is about 12 millian bushela.

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