12
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HONG KONG DAILY PRESS. FRIDAY,
APRIL 3, 1936..
German Reply To Locarno Powers' Memorandum
ty of Versailles; and the sequence. the Gov-, severe acts of oppression of
German people, was a result of that treaty.
London, Apr. The text of the German Balss Momis's ernment's memorandum in reply to the Locarno Powers' proposals for the safeguarding of European peace, declares that the nation has heard with complete agree- von Ribbentrop's as- ment Herr sertion that the British Govern- ment and British people wish to possible with begin as BOOK
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324
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142 Fret. 3. InsurasesE
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190
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13
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34
1100
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Its
33
10. (DBW)
Providents (uk) ... $1.10
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14.30
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$100
318
$10
33
China Do S
$4
(19
19
===
11,6.
1901
|30 stm.
$76 34
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par
Lands, Hotals, and
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311
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15
Locarno Powers to render assis tance, and then only on strictly re- ciprocal grounds. It believes fur ther that in order to arrive at an In this connection, says the note, easter solution of the present com- special reference must be made to plex problems, these must be ap- the terrible distress and helpless-propriately divided up according to ness in Germany caused by the oc- the' alms in view. cupation of the Rhineland,
If the British Government now declared there was no question of practical work for the true pacifi-a dictated treaty of Locarno,.. the
As
cation of Europe.
This wish, says the memoran- dum, corresponds with the inten- tions of the German people and The German Gov- Government, ernment therefore all the more re- grets it is not in a position to re- cognise in the outline of the pro- posals of the Locarno Powers an
nation without
German Government must answer by asking, "Was there, or would there ever be. 1 great which voluntarily and outside pressure renounced or would renounce its sovereign rights of defending its own fron tiers?"
Nevertheless, the German nation
Government of the Reich observe ali obligations of Locarno as long as the other par:les to the treaty were willing to keep it.
ALLIANCES
effective and fruitful basis for the tolerated such a situation for se introduction and carrying through venteen years and as late as May 21, 1935, the German Chancellor of such work for "true peace.
In the eyes of the German peo- had declared the German Govern- ple and Government this draftment regarded the demilitarised lacks that spirit of understanding zone as the most onerous contri- bution of a sovereign state to the of the laws of honour and equa-
and the lity of status which always in the pacification of Europe;
would life of peopies constitutes the pri mary condition for the conclusion of free, and thua sacred, treaples. The German Government believes It owes it to the seriousness of the task with which it is faced to limit to the most essential points it statement of negative aspects of the memorandum presented them; but it will endeavour by amplify ing and clarifying its proposals of March 7 to facilitate the begin- ning of concrete work to European peace.
secure
REASONS FOR REJECTION The German Government must make the following fundamental statements in order to make plain why it rejected various discrimin. atory points, as well as the reasons for its constructive proposals..
MILITARY
The German Government's note of March 24 drew attention to the Franco-Soviet military treaty, which had deprived the Locarno Treaty of its legal, and especially its political basis, and thus of the conditions for its existence,
it was superduous to re-enter in detailed discussion of the point, because, undoubtedly the tendency to lavalve Europe in a network of military alliances was contrary to the spirit and sense of an estab- lishment of a real community of
nationa
ruast
these surprises which
FUNDAMENTAL QUESTIONS They must then put the follow- ing fundamental questions:
of
to be macy
the division Europe, which has already shown itself unsuitable for any lasting. guarantee of peace; a division of European nations into those with more or less rights. honourable or dishonourable nations, free or Iet tered peoples? Is this system to in
be maintained and continued
2
some new forms or with modifica- tions? Or are the Governments of Europe going to try to achieve at really constructive all costs Bituation between the nations of Europe, and thus arrive at a last- ing and secure form of peace?
The German Government will only participate in the latter at- tempt, which it believes to be the constructive one;
twenty-five year non-aggresalon or aecurity pact between France and Belgium on the one hand and Ger- many on the other;
Eleventhly, Britain and Italy should sign this pact as guarantor
of papers or books,
BOMBING OF HARRAR
Questions In House Of Commons
The
Threa
London, April 1.
powers:
Questioned in the House of Com- Twelfthly, should 'special obliga- mons about the bomb.ag of Harrar tions to render military "assistance on March 29 the "Foreign Secre- arise as a result of these security tary cted the reports "received from the British representatives in agreements, Germany would be Is the goal of European diblo-willing to assume such obligations; Ethiopia to the effect, that the Thirteenthly. the German Gov- | rald was carried out by 18 Italian emment repeats its proposal for aircraft which circled wide thres the conclusion of an air pact to
times at about six thousand feet supplement and reinforce these and dropped in all, approximately
bombs. three hundred agreements;
Fourteenthly, Germany repeats bombs fell in the Swedish Mission that should the Netherlands desire grounds, aty in that of the Egyp- they should be included in a west-lan Red Cross, 14 on the Catholle ern European security agreement; *Mission, four on the French
Fifteenthly, Germany and France Hospital and Agency and four fun, a shall pledge themselves to see that Harrar Red Cross, destroying the in the education of the young of Red Cross ground sign about dys
yards
Catholic square. both countries, as well as in the publication
D! St. Xavier were also badly everything will be avoided which Church and the Abyssinian Church might be calculated to polson the daunged. The number of casual- ties was fortunately small as the relationship between the two coun- tries, and shall agree to establish
the town waa Evacuated before at the beadquarters of the League
Ou raid,
questioned whether of Nations, 2 jolt commission to
Harrar is an open town, Mr. Eden which the two Governments can
sald the Abyssinian Government had issued a communique denging submit all complaints;
PLEBISCITE RATIFICATION
reports from Italian sources that proparations had been Sixteenthly, Germany and France milltary shall undertake to ratlly agree-made in the town.
Fressed in the supplementaries The German Government be
ments by means of plebiscites of
by opposition members who lleves the task of the statesmen of both nations;
Seventeenthly, Germany is will-ferred to the increasing public in Europe 'should be divided into three periods:
ing to enter into communication dignation at the reports o bomb- First,
the with states on her south-eastern ing and the use of poison gas in a period in which
can be atmosphere
gradually and nerth-eastern frontiers with a abyssinia to say that steps Govern calmed, before any elucidation of view to inviting them directly to ment proposed to take Mr. Eden reminded the "House that the Gov- procedure is attempted and before conclude non-aggressive pacts;
Eighteenthly, Germany is willing ernment were as anxious as any- any negotiations are undertaken;
to re-enter the League of Nations one to see an end to the war in and the miserable immediately or after the conclusion East Africa
and Germany
makes this declaration with the most profound possible conviction and with the whole weight of sin- cere will and yearning of a people behind it.
Second, a period for actual nego- tlations for securing the peace of
Europe;
Third, a later period for dealing with desirable supplements to the work of peace, in Europe which cannot and should not be exactly, determined or limited with regard tc contents or scope from the very beginning. Buch-questions would come under various headings, such as d'sarmament and economics.
First, in
The danger was increasing that The German Government has from this general entanglement of Just received from the people of military alliances a situation would arise similar to that to which was Germany, among other things, u solemn general mandate to repre- principally due the outbreak of the sent the Reich and the German world's most frightful and sation on the following two lines: senseless war. It was now within First, the German people are the power of a single Government a development. to prevent such determined to preserve under all
PROPOSED PEACE PLAN circumstances. their freedom and originated by certain powers. But
and independence,
thus, their it was the duty of every Goyern-
The German Government pro- They regardment within the limits of its own equality of status.
order to give future the advocacy of these natural in- sovereign power to guard itself poses the following peace plan: ternational principles of state and agairės:
agreements to ensure the peace of life as the precepts of national might arise from such impene- Europe a character of inviolable honour and necessary conditious trable European military and Ca- to any practical co-operation be-binet policies.
from them tween nations, and
no circumstances they can in make any further departure. DESIRE TO CO-OPERATE The German people most gla- cerely desire to co-operate with all their might in the great work of and ELA. general reconciliation
European derstanding between nations for purposes of safeguard- ing for this continent the peace which is no necessary for its cul- ture and welfare,
the German There desires of people are therefore an obligation of the German Government.
creaties, nations participating in negotiations do so only on an en- The German Government there-tirely equal footing, as equally es fore, declared itself no longer teemed members: bound by the Locarno Pact and had restored the sovereignty of the Reich over the entire territory of the Reich.
of
Secondly, in order to abbreviate as far as possible the period of un- certainty in economic interests of European nation, the German
a limit Luvernment proposes four months for the first period I mentioned earlier) up to the time signature of non-aggression pacis, thus covering a guaranteed European peace:
THE HAGUE COURT. The German Government was to submit the not in a position measure
mi it had adopted for the security of the Reich, which in- volves only German territory and menaces nobody, to the apprecia-. tion of a body which, in the most favourable case,, was only able to judge the legal and not, the poll- tical aspects of the measure. This was all the truer, inasmuch as the League Council had already arrived at a decision prejudicing a legal judgment.
The German Government, fur- ther, wishes to make the following observations in pursuance of fis fundamental attitude as already stated in their nose of March 24.
1918. con- The German Government, was Firstly, Germany in
further convinced that such a ver- cluded an armistice based on the fourteen points of President Wood-dict could not positively contribute row Wilson of the United States to a constructive solution or the any question of European security, but These did not contemplate limitation of German sovereignty wás rather cuiculated to make such in the Rhineland. on the con-a solution more difficult, if not to trary, they based their main prin- Brevent it entirely. ciple on the construction of a new Therefore, on this point as well International order which should as on others in the Locarno Powers lead to a better and permanent, proposals which without exception peace, and do fullest justice to the
were unilaterally onerous to Ger- many, the German Government principle of self-determination re- gardless of who was victor or van cannot see any advantageous enn
tribution for a truly broad con- 36 ota quished.
Alructive solution of the question of European security, but elements of discrimination against, a great netion which would make any per- manent peace questionable,
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Wallace Harper
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ELK Wing Oỡ 19-| Do 8'ba Vibro Pilcng*********
BIOP
IMPROVING INDIA'S
TRADE
Intrinsically Desirable" End. Says Sir Charles Willians
London March 14.
Str. Charles Stuart Willams addressing the Royal Society of Arts (Indian Section) in London yesterday, referred to the main renarice and improvement of the overseas trade of India as an end Intrinsically des rábe
Accepting the position that the poley to be adopted must in any we be determined by the in
terests of India herself." he said. "It seems to me quite c'ear that those interests will best be served
ป
#32 $19
RHINELAND ZONE Secondly, the British Foreign Minister in his speech of March 23, dealing with the demilitarised zone. stated that in the last an- alysis this zone was created' only as a quid pro quo for the attempt of France in 1918 to separate the Rhineland from Germany.
of
From this statement it was clear in the future as in the past by a that the 'demilitarised zone came the into being solely as a result of an polley which recognises necessary interdependence of the already perpetrated breach
the obligations which bound the Allles. grest trading countries of
Thirdly, the demilitarisation pro
of Ver- work, a policy which, recognising the necessity of a large expendivisions of the Treaty
sailles were accordingly based develop ture of capital, both to still further the natural resources upon a breach of the assurance, the to Germany; and the sole legal of India and to improve 1 health and strength of her argument to back them was force.
peoples. will to that end en- courage her export trade, more the particularly with the rest of Empire, where to an increasing extent she is most likely to find suitable markets for her produce." At the same time that poler should place no avoldable obstacle in the way of an import trade
7
The German Government must decline all proposals which impose one-sided burdens upon Germany, and therefore discriminate against her..
NO INTENTION TO ATTACK Germany has no intention of ever attacking France or Belgium," and in view of France's colossal armaments and enormous fortresses on her eastern frontier it was well known that such an attack would be senseless fom a purely military point of view alone.
Thirdly, the German Govern- ment gives the assurance that it will not in any way reinforce its troops in the Rhineland during this period, providing the Belgian and French Governments act sumi- larly;
TE-
of the proposed, agreements. At suffering is consequence of it. He the same time, the German Gov-repeated the Government desired erument expresses again the ex- the task of the League Committee rectation that within a reasonable of Thirteen, should be pursued · as time by means of friendly negotia speedily as possible.-
of colonial British Wireless. ton, the question equality of rights and the separa- tion of the League Covenant from the Treaty of Versailles, will be cleared up;
parties."
Nineteenthly, Germany proposes the constitution of an internation- al court of arbitration which will have competence in respect to the and all observance of agreements,
decisions will bind whose
ARMS LIMITATION After the conclusion of the great work of securing European peace, the German Government considers that it is urgently necessary to en- deavour, by practical measures, to attempt to check unlimited com- petition in armaments, which would mean not merely alleviation of the financial and economic position of the nations, but, above all, a psy- chological detente..
other
But it has no faith in an attempt to achieve universal settlements. which would be doomed to failure from the outset. On the hand, it believes that if negotia- tions are held and results achieved In the sphere of limitation of naval armaments, these can have a stimulating effect..
fronta;
(3) Prohibition, of bombardment by long-range"` guns of towns over the battle 20 kilometres from zone:
thing in its power to improve the economic situation of Europe and the world.
The reply concludes with a con- dent belief that the above peace plan will clear the way to recon- struction of a new. Europe, on a oasis of mutual respect and con- ndence between sovereign Bates.- Reuter.
LONDON OPINION ON GERMANY'S REPLY
London, Apr. 1. Germany's reply, although
熟
leaves the door open for further efforts to find a basis for .nega- tiation, leaves much to be, desired, well-informed In the opinion of British circles
It is, however, thought likely that the reply wit have a conci- Hatory effect on general British opinion, which welcomes the pro- posal for a period during which negotiations can be begur, mote than Germany's proposals for the Interim, especially her omission to give a pledge not to fortify the Rhineland zone.-
FRENCH GOVERNMENT'S
ATTITUDE
Paris, Apt. 2.,
M Pierre Flandin, the Franch Foreign Minister, confers with the Prime Minister, M. Albert Sarrant to-day.
They will decide whether it is recessary to call a Cabinet meet-
MOVEMENT OF TROOPS"
The German Government there- Fourthly, the German Govern- ment gives assurance that it will fore proposes that conferences be not move during this period troops convened in the future, each with at present in the Rhineland closer one clearly defined objective and Heuter. to the French ör Belgian frontiers; proposes, as the immediate pric-
tical task of these conferences: Fifthly, the German Government
of (1) Prohibition
dropping proposes the establishment of a commission composed of repre- poison gas and incendiary bombs:
of (2) Frohibition
dropping sentatives of the two guarantor Lo carno powers, England and Italy, bombs of any kind in open local- and a disinterested third neutralities cutside the range of medium power to guarantee these assur- and heavy artillery on the fighting ances to be given by both parties;
Sixthly, it is proposed that Cer- many, Belgium and France shall aach be entitled to send repre- sentatives to this commission.
If Germany, Belgium or France think they can point to any change in the military situation within the four month period, they are entitled to inform the Commission
Seventhly, Germany, Belgium and France. must déclare their willingness in such case to permis the Commisssion to make investi- gations through the Anglo-Italian military attaches and report there on to the powers participating:
Eightly, Germany, Belgium and France shall give assurance that they will give the fullest considera- on to objections arising there- from;
!'.
the
(4) Abolition and prohibition of ing before determining the Gov
German memorandum. construction of tanks of the heavernment's attitude towards lest types;
(5) Abolition and prohibition of construction of artillery of the heaviest calibre.
FURTHER REDUCTIONS. As soon as the possibilities for further limitation of armaments emerge from such discussions and agreements, they should be utilised. The German Government" is pre-
rared to accede to every such set- tlement as far as they are valid internationally,
The Government believes that, if only a first step is taken on the road to disarmament, this would have an enormous effect in the re- lationships between nations and
Ninthly, the German Govern- For these reasons, also, the derment is willing, on a basis of com- These provisions were incorporare of the French Government for plete reciprocity, to agree with its ated in the Locarno Pact, after a immediate. General Stan discus-two western neighbours to any thus on the return of confidence stone was imcomprehensible to the limitation on the German western German Government, which would frontier. regard it only as seriously prejudi- cial if arrangements between the General Staffs were reached be FORCED TREATY
'fore the conclusion of new secur- Fourthly, the so-called "volun-ity pacts. which would balance. India's ex-tary renunciation" of sovereignty
further infringement of rights, namely, the occupation of the Ruhr, which was characterised as a breach of law by British officers of the CrownL
م الري
NON-AGGRESSION PACTAM Tenthly, Germany, Belgium and France, and the two guarantor powers, shall agree to enter into
which is a prior condition for the development of trade and pros- perity.
It is reported that the Govern ment stil: considers it important to ho'd an early meeting of power faithful to the Locarno Pact Reuter.
"People Who Matter
PEOPLE WHO MATTER, to the
advertiser are the people whea afford to buy his goods. Most of these poople buy and rend the
Germany is or the opinion that discussions under the leadership of change views on economic po Hong Kong Dally Press.
port trade, and alap meet the on the part of Germany over these military co-operation arrange- the British Government imediately, requirements of her western provinces of the Reich was ments should only occur as a result or at the latest, after the French growing
thug the result of a dictated trea-of political obligations of the election, for the conclusion of a peoples.
The German Clovernment is pre- pared immediately after the con- clusion of political treaties, to ex- blems with the other countries concerned, in the spirit of the pro- posals, and to contribute
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