1936-02-18 — Page 3

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HONG KONG DAILY PRESS, TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 18, 1936.

DEFENCE AND SEA-POWER.-II

Changes Since The Great

War: Britain's Neat

Revival.

(By ADMIRAL SİR BARRY DUMVILE, K.B.E., CB, C.M.G.)

re-

British Empire what his locks were there are plenty - Damson—and or Delllahs about, anxious to đó the shearing.

The Arst move was the claim to parity by America. We had to agree. There was no alternative, Even had we wanted to refuse. i would have been an empty ges-

UNION CASTLE LINE

dinculties in carrying the "war into the enemy's home waters:

London, Jan. 21, the only successful method of ap- plying naval pressure. Warfare

Captain W. Morton Betts, Com- would be of a guerilla nature modore of the Union-Castle Line, operations being limited to the at-retire, from active service to-day. tack and defence of seaborne trade is nearly 50 years ago he ran and outlying possessions. In away from his home in Southamp- these circumstances, it is dameult ton to go to sea, to foresee the employment of the Captain Betts was selected na one battle feet-it would be "all dress- of the representatives of the mer- ed up and nowhere to go" as the chant navy at the Jubilee Review, song says. I even find it hard to, and was presented to the King. contemplate the Government per- Captain Betta was apprenticed in mitting the despatch of the main a galling barque, and his first com- feet far afield, when there wouldmand was in 1915 in the Gordon almost certainly be simultaneous Castle. In July, 1933, he was ap- complications nearer home. To pointed to the Warwick - "Castle, uncover the heart of the Einpiro, } and made Commodore of the fleet. with Europe rambling omitiously He has been 40 years in the service requires something more than of the company.

courage.

The officers of the Warwick Castle have presented Captain, Betta with a silver bowl, and the members of the victualling staff

London, Jan 25. The strength and composition of

naval forces the minimum quared to ensure the sea-communi- cations of the British Empire be- ing. kept open at all times must depend largely upon the nature and geographical situation of the navies of the other Mariume Po-

ture as our opulent vis-a-vis could wers. There have been great

in the distribution of have outbulls us. But an admis-

sion of the right to parity was by In wars in European waters the world Naval Power since the War, which, together with the various

no means, an acquiescence in the battle fleet will continue to play agreements made to limit arma-American need for party. Bea its usual role as protector of its

profoundly affected power to us, with our widely scat-weaker consorts. ments have

tered Empire, is a stark' necessity Our battle fleet is old, thanks to our naval situation.

to the United States, happily the naval holiday arranged at remote and self-sufficing, it is a Washington. It is not, however, of the American people will soon too old relatively to the fleets of call a halt to a policy of the "Big- luxury as far as defence is concern-

ed. But sea-power is a necessity to other countries, to be able to ren-gest Ever.". It is absurd to go on any country aspiring to be in the ver a good account of itself. van of the World Powers and to be able to talk with authority in the Councils of the Nations. Be to the United States their navy is mainly a diplomatic instrument:

national loud-speaker

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LATE KING AS PHILATELIST

A Lifelong Hobby

Naval Forces can be dividen conveniently into three parts the Battle Fleet, the "Cruisers and the Flotilla. The Battle Fleet, with its numerous satellites,

he shield behind whose shelter the cruisers and the smaller craft comprising the flotilla carry out the actual work of clearing and projecting our oceanic an coastal communications. That la.. naval strategy in a nutshell.

THE WRONG KIND OF RESTRICTIONS.

with a sliver solver.

building motistrosities we don't want at a price we cannot afford. Study our past naval policy in this matter, before the Conference- complex blinded us to common sense.

We have seen that its employ- ment in a new naval world is more the pre- conjectural than with War distribution of naval power, when our fleet could count with greater confidence on being able MORE CRUISERS-THE to interpose Itself between the

CRYING NEED · Enemy and our own lines of com- Our crying need-as was Nelson's munication When replacements-is for cruisers. We cannot have too many; but seventy is the ac- are made the obvious policy is to reduce the battle fleet in size and cepted minimum compatible with numbers to as great an extent as our world-wide responsibilities,

and we are woefully short of this" is compatible with security. This problem is beyond the scope of figure at present. These vessels this article. Many factors, such should be as small as possible con- as a possible division of the fleet, sistent with their sea-keeping essential redits and casualties, duties. We do not want any more prevent a numerical reductions Treaty abortions, such as we have below a certain figure. I suggest built since the War to suit other bedrock minimum of twelve. | countries. Let us build to our own far more complicated, requirements once again, and rely the Admiralty can be on others following our lead as in

After parity came the Washing-Size is & Lon Conference in 1921-here, matter;

The Battle Fleet is the see, pha-

But it is the essential diversity lanx, representing the ultimate ap- peal to force. It is possible this between the naval needs of the appeal may never be made and two countries that has been at that the ships may remain in their the root of the dificulties during strategic base; eficiently protect-subsequent negotiations on the ing their own small vessels against itmitation of sea forces. The Uni attack by the enemy battle fleet ed States would like to get their without weighing their anchors. parity as cheaply as possible During the four and a half years numerically, whereas we require a the Great War lasted our feet certain minimum police force to was tested un one Occasion-at cover the Seven Seas. Jutland-and then only partially. Hitherto the main battle" strength has always been the contribution after much discussion. agreement trusted not to err on the small the old days, which we have for- of the Mother Country to Imperial i was reached in regard to limitaside. Supposing the United States gotten in the new international Defence, the warlous Dominions tion in battleships and art art insist on constructing mammoth era.

Similar remarks apply to the supplying their quota of smaller carriers between the Five Powers ships-far greater than anything

Conference-the.we need for security in home shortage in destroyers. I should vessels according to their inclina-attending the tions and means. There has never British Empire, France, Italy, Ja-waters, we ought not to follow Hike to discuss my own plan for a pan, and the United States their lead, but to strike out a line naval holiday-a real holiday-a been any recognised allocation or-

It was impossible to effect re- of our own, as of yore. The rest holiday from further naval Con- responsibility.

trictions in numbers without im- of the naval world will breathe a ferences; but that must wait for posing limits on the size of ships sigh of relief, and the good sense another occasion.

otherwise as well,

competition | · would have been transferred from tonnage. This was numbers to

Instead of building the ships we needed to our own purpuses, as had beer our practice hitherto, we found ourselves committed to con-

THE THREB NAVAL WORLD POWERS.

mmost

unfortunate.

London, Jan. 2. Philatelists of all nations mourn At, the end of the Great War we the loss of the King, who was the possessed the largest feet afloat chier patron of their cult. Within all classes of war vesels. Ever King George "stamp collecting was since 1904 we had been gradually a life-long hobby and one of the concentrating our main strength

sult In Home Waters to protect our greatest pleasures of his life. honorary patron of the Royal sea-commmunications against the Philatelic Society, London, he was German menace. With the Treaty universally recognized Ha the of Versailles this danger vanish-struct ships of a size that other leading philatelist, and his name ed. Quite recently, in the Anglo- is inscribed,af the head of the German naval agreement, the Ger-

roll

AS

123

countries wanted, but which were

in reality unnecessarily large and costly. It is sad to remember that once upon a time we were bold enough to follow our own fancy in Both France and Italy had con- such matters, but that to-day we centrated their efforts mainly are fathering many an unwanted the death-struggle on land, and naval child of international par

But across the Atlantic there was a very different picture. The

isers and below because of our refusal to accept restrictions in aby classes of vessel which "might be required to deal with hostile. submarines.

of distinguished philatelistsman's have given proof that they instituted by the Philatelic Con-do

not intend to challenge gress of Great Britain, in token

again at present. of his many services to the craft. What more fitting memorial tribute could be made than the Issue of a stamp of mourning to had relied upon us to a considerentage conceived at the confer- be used and treasured by his sor-able extent for naval protection. ence table. No agreement could rowing people just as in the past The Russian fleet-recently Boi- be reached on" limitation in eru- few montha they have sought shevised-was of amall account. after and preserved those stamp There was no considerable navy tokens of a happier event,

in Europe, Silver Jubilee? Other nations have been fit to honour the memories' of their rulers and Americans were at last, awakened Had it been possible to obtain. leaders through the medium of

to the value of sea-power. What agreement on the abolition of sub- memorial stamps. Queen Astrid Captain Manan and other naval marines, then we should have (of Belgium), King" Alexander of writers had failed to do, the Great been prepared to reconsider our "Yugoslavia, and President Harding

War had achieved. The United decision; but as it was, with our were among those to whom post-

States were determined not to world-wide "commitments, the risk humous issues of stamps пяте been dedicated by their respec-have to submit to naval dictation was too great Our standpoint 'future. A huge shipbuilding was highly logical, and I regret tive countries.

our Government did not The public at large was Inclined programme was in progress, and that to accept as a mourning stamp very shortly afterwards appeared the 7d. denomination of Great Parity, the new naval symbol of Britain whith appeared in sombre equality.

Farther away still-scrosa cne grey shortly after the death of King Edward VII, although such Facific-another new naval star was not the official Intention. had arisen in the East. Japan, have an island Empire like ourselves, What might equally well ค been regarded as a memorial issue but lightly touched by the war, was the unissued 20 stamp, pro- in comparison with the cataclysms phetically printed in Tyrian pur in Europe, was consolidating her ple, that was in readiness for re-naval position, which had been lease on the very day King Ed- Improving steadily since the Rus- ward died. Only one copy was so-Japanese War. Her navy was ever passed through the post, "and now a force to be reckoned with. that was on a letter, addressed to Thus for the first time in his- his late Majesty King George V. tory we find the three principal (then Prince of Wales) at Marl-Naval Powers widely separated by borough House, which so became the oceans, es ded one of the outstanding rarities in SAMSON AND HIS LOCKS?" - the Royal collection. The print- Shortly after the War' ended at ing in grey, of a 20. stamp of tempts to restrict nayal arma- Jamaica bearing the head of mente commenced. It is unfortun- Edward VII nearly nine months ate for us, as a sea Power, that after his demise was, on the other naval armaments lend themselves band, a considered tribute

more readily to international re- gulation than either military or air forces ships cannot be con- cealed, to be produced later like of world naval affairs, let us try rabbits from a hat. On the other to deduce one or two principles to hand, the Germans have just guide our Empire Naval Policy

"I want a shave," said the ser geant as he climbed into the bar ber's chair "No hairent, no sham DOO, no rum, witch-hazel, hair tonic, hot towels, or face-massage,

maintalu it at a later date. But temptation proved too strong and they allowed themselves to be- come involved tu a most unfortun ate tangle of limitation in cruisers and destroyers, which is largely responsible for our present short- age in these vessels to-day. Though not shorn, Bamson has had a good trim.

Japan only agreed to her quotu at Washington provided herse curity in home waters was guar- ánteed by an assurance from other Fowers that they would not deve- top any naval bases within a cer- tain area around Japau, including, for us, Bong Kong, but not our. new bast at Singapore. Japan was thur in an impregnable poal- tion and could develop har Man- churian Policy free from Inter- ference. Now she is claiming par- ity with ourselves and America.

THE NAVY WE NEED THE PARTS BATTLE FLEET. From the foregoing brief sketch

I don't want the manicurist to shown us how skillfully military Owing to the three principal Na work on me, not the bootblack, to and air preparations can be hid-val Powers being to widely repor handle my feet. I don't want to be

betsbed down, and I'll put on my coat myself. I just want a plain proper shave, with no trimmings. Under- in stand

"Yes, sir," said the barber quiet worl

“Lather" sir?"

ated by the great oceanis the Latesmen their very would find great difficulty In

usiasm for a reduction ducting offensive

forget against one another The of our would probably be secure alch we are own territories, the Navy to the lence great

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DIRECTORY & CHRONICLE

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1936

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