1936-01-22 — Page 7

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DISSERTATION ON VARIOUS RAINS

Typhoons Along the China Coast: Difficulties in Weather Forecast:

Winter Thunderstörnis

(BY FATHER E. GĦERZI, S. J.

There are many who think that, every rain is a depression, and if on top of the Band Signal Tower no signal is played they tell their

friends, the Observatory has made a mistake and they will show you in the weather reports barometric Values to confrm their opinion. Quite, admitting that the forecast work is by no means Infallible, but is scientifically calculated, we must say that many times these depressions do not exist, if the

word depression must keep its sclenufc meaning.

The reason is that there are different types of rain,. We think thut a quite sultent cataloguing is to admit "eydanie rains"; dis- continuity or 'frontal rains" and "convectional raina.”

The cyclonic rains themselves beling to two types; the depresston rain and the yphoon rains and

there are two different types of cyclones, namely the extra-tropical (we call them typhoons).

In the extra-tropical cyclones or depressions, rain is caused by the mixing of enveloping cold air with warm air.

Uat there is definite data proving that over the weather charts a warm and a cold sector exists, to speak of a depression, is' a quite free proposition. The poor is accustomed all

weather man over the world to these "obliging" remarks.

DEPRESSIONS IN CHINA In Chua these depressions develop most of the time over the South-western provinces and move East or ENE-ward. Many times they are not really 10 med depressions until they reach the sex owing to the orographic infuence of the regions they must cross Sometimes they ure more clearly defined and fa position of the centre can be given" as certain, somewhere over Klangs! | or even Szechuen, The rain 161 these extra-tropical cyclones is formed as drizzle just before the Line of discontinuity dividing the warm section from the cold sector The rain belonging to this type of disturbance becomes heavier and showery as soon as the cold' sector (sometimes two cold fronts)

vade the locality concerned.

DISCONTINUITY RAIN

HONG KONG DAILY PRESS, WEDNESDAY, JANUARY 22, 1936.

COLONY IN

MOURNING

TRADE OF THE COLONY

While anxiety has been feit for A Decline Of 14.2 Per

WAI

the mat fures days by a Brit să subjects and well-wishers over the [disturbing news of Ha Maje, ty's illness, Le entre Colony pinged into a deep gloom with the rising of yesterday's sun. The Madd news came, and the hole or Hong Kong immediately went into mourning.

A second type of rain is frontal or discontinuity rain and many mistake this rain as a depression. The atmospheric air streams are different and when gliding one over the other or simply bordering Hong Kong each other, condensation sets in either as a steady drizzle OF

as

Intermittent showers. This line of contact as a rule is not very large. and so it explains the fact that often in Shanghai (probably los

towni effect) we get rainy weather..

the sun is shining. while at Gutzlar or even Woosung

more amply

Cent In 1935

www

CUT IN SALARIES

New Scheme To Operate

U)-No levy on salaries not ex-

form as under:

A temporary lavý on "both ster- ling and dollar salaries of all A preliminary report on the im-civil servants is to take effect from port and export trade of the Co- | January 14936. The Secretary. any of Hong Hong for the year of State for the Colon.es has ap- 1935, issued by the statistical Of-proved of the following scheme Ace of the Imports and Exporta which is emoodied in the official Prior to the issuance of the Go Department, states that the com- circular which has been drawn un vernment Gazette Extraordinary, pined values of imports and ex-la connection therewith: all public places of entertainment ports of merchandise amounted STERLING SALARIES

and younfarty 10 $535.0 (£81.4) milions as com- cancelled their scheduled enrarepared with $741.0 (£56.5) miliona ceeding £240 per annum. On - ments. No better testimony of the in 1934 and $9040 (£81.3) millions aries above the Agure. 28% o respect in which the late Mobarth 1833. was held could be

It terms of local currency the arst £240, 5% on next £360, 11% total vaible trade of the Colony in and 134% on remaining portion of on next £400, 10% on next £400 demonstrated.

1835 declined by 14.2 per cent as 'The Assize which was to have compared with 1934 and 29.6 per

salary above £1.400 per annum. a resterday morning as well as cent, as compared with 1933, but This may be expressed in tabular the lower courts had to adjourn | in terms of sterling values the visi-

On the first £240

21% their sittings. His Lordship, Mr. ble trade in 1995 showed an in- Justice 1.2.

Above £240 and up to £600 5% Hayden, the only crease of 8.7 per cent, as compared

Above 2000 and up to £1.00 Judge at present la Hong Kong, with 1934 and an increase of 0.2

7% addressing Mr. E. H. Williams, the per cent, as compared with 1933.

Imports of merchandise totalled

Above £1,000 and up to £1,400. Assistant Attorney Geners; at the

121% Above. £1,400 commencement of yesterday's sit- $385.0 (£35.3) milions in 1835 as always provided that this levy Sometimes only a fragment of ing said: I have received with compared with $415.9 (£31.7) mil-shall not operate so as to reduce this warmer and damper air the greatest possible regret the lions in 1934

and $500.9 (£33.9) the salary of any oneer below stream seems to be neating" over news of the death of His Majesty millions in 1933: whilst exports £240 per annum or, for those con- bur skles above the underlying the King who ded just before totaled $271.0 (25.1) millions Intributing to Widows and Orphans colder and drier air. This will midnight last. In the circuni 1935 as compared with $325.2

Pension Scherde, $230 85. Od le cause a fall of pressure (as the stances the Court will, as a mark(248) millions in 1834 and $403.1 £240 less 40 for Widows and barometer gives the weight of respect and with the profound (£27.4) millions in 1933. the air column aloft)

Orphans Pension Scheme deduc- and one sense of the great loss sustained. wrongly will call this a depression adjourn until 10 am, tomorrow.".

tion). It is a moving low area without any real cyclone centre. This fact the Police Cours, both the Centrai There were also no attings of has been acknowledged elsewhere and Kowloon Courts did not open. and the temperature reports from The Hong Kong Stock Exchange the air lines have confirmed many was closed for the day and the ames our conception against any weekly parades of the Hong Kong .depression forecast. Modern Volunteer Defence Corps were also meteorology is becoming three-put off as well as the inspec dimensional, and one should con- tion by Admiral Sir Charles Little, sider it under this angle.

This line or frontal border exists almost all year long between the colder and drier air from Siberia or Mongolia, and the warmer and

China N.E-ward. damper air coming from Indo

+

the C-I-C of the China Squadron, of the Hong Kong Volunteer Nav Defence Corp.

IMPORT FIGURES

In terms of cal currency Im-)-Rate of conversion for all creased by 122 per cent as com- spect of the period 1st January ports of merchandise in 1935 de salaries shall be $-18/6d. in re

pared with 1834 and 27.1 per cent, 31st March. Widows and Or as compared with 1933; whilst ex-phans Pension Contribution must, ports decreased by 16.6 per cent. in accordance with the Ordinance. as compared with 1934 and 32.8 per cent, as compared with 1933.

In terms of sterling values im- ports of merchandise increased by 11.4 per cent. in 1935 as compared We admit that there is too much

with 1934 and 4.1 per cent. as. com confusion in meteological terms so

pared with 1933; whilst exports in- that these lines will help to under-

creased by 5.2 per cent. in 1935 as stand the day forecasts. The

compared with 1934 and decreased monsoon rain should be classed Ing. Mr. Ha Han Min's secretary by 4.7 per cent, as compared with with this type of frontal or dis-accompanied ́by the continuity rain..

CONVECTIONAL THUNDER

STORMS®

A third type of rain is the con- vectional rain, This happens mostly in summer and the thunder storm is the classical form of it. This kind of rain has two troments,

The first one is caused by the sudden and, accelerated uprush of warm air and gives those well In-known big thundery drops. Then

At about 11.30 yesterday morn-

*IS 001

1933,

pe calculated on the full sterling Balary and converted at the prevaile ing monthly Treasury rate. Advan-. cea. Honte allotments and stenting refunds will almliarty be converted

the prevailing Treasury rate. The rate of exchange for conver“ don of salaries only will be sub- feet to reconsideration at the end. of the art quarter.

(1)The percentages mention-

Shousan Chow and 'Dr. R. Total movements of treasure in General Order: 108 - (1992 H. Kotewall called on the Hon. amounted to $254.7 millions in 1935 edition will be calculated on the Mr. N. L. Smith and expressed as compared with $206.6 millions tünet dollar salary due to an officer sympathy and condolences wilch 1934 and $172.2 millions in 1933: afer deducion of the levy. the party asked the Hon. S. C. A. imports accounting for $38.8 mil to convey to His

DOLLAR SALARIES Excellencs the lions as compared with $78.1 mil- Governor.

No levy on salaries not exceed- ilons in 1934 and $38.1 millions in ing $240 per annum. On salaries 1933, and exports #215.0 millions as above, $240 per annum, 4% ca compared with $123.5 millions int $1,000, 8% on next $1,500, 12% 1934 and $134.1 millions in 1933.

on next $2,500 and 18% on remain- ... HOW COUNTRIES FAKED ing portion of salary above $5,000 The following countries increas per sunum. This may be express-

ed in tabular form as under:

On the first 31,000- $1.001 to $2,500 $2.501 to $5,000 Above $5,000

The St. George's Ball and the St. Andrew's, dinner had been cancelled, while all entertainments the local hotels were a so wiped off the board.

come the crashes of thunder and The Fanling Hunt and Exceed their shares of the import trade To try to check the location of the downward rush of heavy cold Clas meeting for Sunday has also of the Colony: Japan from 8.8 per air and exceedingly heavy showers. been indefinitely postponed white cent. in 1934 to 11.8 per cent, in

these two sectors (warm and cold)

by the temperatures at the sur-

face is openly reflected by all the leading meteorologists of the world. Only upper aur soundings, as they are done elsewhere than in China, can show these two sectors with fair certainty.

As this double motion of the air the Hockey game which was sche. 1935; U.S.A, fróm 7.1 per cent, to layers will continue unt" exhaust-duled to have been played Warlett ed and damped out, these two over.. types of convectional rath will sud- ceed each other accordingly.

Early in the morning the bells The last and dying out waves of of St. John's Cathedral toled, in- this disturbance will be revealed forining the public at large of the by the passing mammato- passing of a great Monarch, cumulus clouds. The heaviest

7.3 per cent; French Indo-China from 6.3 per cent to 8.8 per cent Germany from 3.3 per cent. to 4.5 cent.; British Malaya from 1.3 per cent to 1.7 per cent.: Australia from 1.8 per cent to 23 per cent. and Belgium from 1.2 per cent. to 1.3 per cent.

In the southwest part of these depressions Jul before the

cloud burst of this type registered wuich the late King was its patron China declined from 35.2 per cent, The Hong Kong University of showery type there is frequently a

The percentage of imports from in Zikawei gave 47 millimetres in was closed for the day, while the in 1834 to 33.8 per cent, in 1935; short duration of thundery rain, so much that for aircraft it is about fifteen minutes.

Hoping that these lines will in-place were also postponed. Among to 8.5 per cent. Netherlands East

various dances arranged to take safer to pass a depression centre

United Kingdom from 7.8 per cent, terest the readers of this rather those being the United Services, Indies from 8.3 per cent. to 6.2 per flying through the North part of it as they will avoid these dan-

ahort article, we must add that the Recreation Cub Dance, The Burns cent.; Siam from 8.0 per cent to formation of rain is still a rather Night Dinner, The Interport Buz-1.6 per cent.; India from 2.0 per gerous ups and downs due to the thundery clouds,

unknown phenomenon. But' this

by Dinner, and 'Dance. This explains how even in question would take us out of our

cent, to 1.2 percent; and various Shanghai in Winter we get thun-purpose.

►

Y

4%

8%

12%

13%

always provided that this levy shall not operate so as to reduce the salary of any acer below $240 per annum. As from 1st July, these percentage levies will be reduced to 3%, 6%, 10% and 13% respectively.

salaries after deduction of Widows' and Orphans Pension

The levy wil be applied to net

lons.

Contribu-

REMARKABLE COINCIDENCE

The Hong Kong Hotel, the Pe-other countries from 9.1 per cent. derstorms. soraeumes quite vivid, The forecast of rain has been pinsula Hotel, the Gloucester to 8.9 per cent. although short lived. Nevertheless and is still a topic of the conversa-Hotel and the Repulss Hotel all The percentage of exports sent An old member of the local these thunderstorms follow the tion, and it la still a very difficult anounced the steppjüs of all sort depression-centre""all along its problem. We know a leading pf musical - entertainments "until weather man of one of the obser- farther notice. The production of The other type of cyclonic rain vatortes of the Far East. Every the University Art Association is caused by the tropical cyclone.time the easy critics'vex him to Precious. Stream" was likewise HOMOGENEOUS TROPICAL AIR much, he goes away for "a free affected.

track.

China increased from 48.0 per community In reminiscent cent. in 1934 to 49.0 per cent.infood, recalled the deaths of 1835 Japan from 3.5 per cent to queen Victoria and King Edward. 4.2 per cent.; D.6.A from 5.7 per The news of the Queen's death, cent, to 7.8 per cent; Kwong Chow be said, so affected the Colony Wan from 2.5 per cent, to 3.4 per (hat, apart from the cessation of, This rain is of the showery type zide" to the mountains and comes Football matches under the Hong from 1.8 per cent to 1.8 per cent.

cent.; and the Philippine Islands |áli pubile functions, there were and at first is intermittent, squally back to his duty when his op- Kong Football Association

do rickshaws or chairs to be had and as the centre gets nearer, the ponents have found that this job January 24, 25 and 26 have been British Malays, fell from 76 per The Chinese gentlemen of the

for The percentage of exports to for con

CONTEJANCE. squall are more frequent and the has become a burden to

them-cancelled,

cent, in 1834 to 6.3 per cent in Colony, as a mark of respect, wore The Interpart match at Shang-1935 French Indo-China trom, 7.4 a burtons on their hats in- hai will, however, take place as per cent to 5.3 per cent. Macaostend of the usual red ones. The er heduled, but there is a libelnood from 5.3 per cent. to 4.9 per cent:hole Colony The typhoon cere being homo-JOINT COUNCILS MEETING that the Interport Dinner will not Slam from 4.5 per cent. to 3.9 pereat into mourning and even se оде socard be held.

cent.; "Netherlands East Todies staurants and music halls were All vessels in harbour few their and various offer countries from Colony beings back in flood the from 3.6 per cent, to 2,3 per cent.losed This third sad blow to the

rain heavier. There seems to be selvest

a period of five to eight seconda

in the successivis showers, ag in

this case the ram makes the wind.

geneous ́ tropical trade air (at least

at the surface and most probably

also up to about 2,000 metres), the

-distribution of rain is almost

cyclone:

い

کار.

1.

TO-DAY

with

A joint meeting of the Executiveolours at walf-nhat"yesterday,"knd - 100 per cent to 9.8 percent - Anemaries of "the" Colony's thriler lu addition, 70 ons latente dia's percentage remained the ENTIREN, Zng to homogeneous" all Found the and Legislative Councils, to wh.ca for the 70 years of the sovereign same at 1.3 per cent.

the public will be admitted, will fe was Bred by three faval

Another carlons fact worthy Thundery showers are absent; be held in the Council Chamber

compared with 1934 there note, he pointed out, was that were decreased imports in 1935 of Queen Victoria died on January 21; Te animais, ülding materiala, Iskich, was also a Monday. A chemicals and dragt, Chinese meget omftan dicine, food-stunts, fuels, hard wo

they are present only in the out- at 2.30 p.m. to-day for the purpose akifta of the typhoon, and so do of passing a motion of condolence not belong to the thermodynamics in connection with the tamented of this kind of atmospheric dis-death n H's Majesty •K•pg. turbance. Only when a typhoon is | George V. decreasing and filling up, is there

a thundery display, as then an- other type of air stream is mixing with the former homogeneous trade air core.

· The quantity of rain to be ex- pected with a depression centre can reach 50 · millimetres in7924

hours. With typhoon 490 to even 800 millimetres can be reckoned with, in the sam: 24 hour interval, Another difference with the de- pression in that's typhoon Alls up

ST. JOHN BRIGADE'S CONDOLENCES

"

-

Dr. Kurt Singer, for the past four years profesor, of economics are intoxicating liquors, me that toonik destek takƐnosuamet l at Tokyo Imperial University is chiner now in Peiping on a visit, He is haper, and paperware, plece goods,

metais, nuts and seeds, TH at present engaged in extensive

tobacco treasure, wearing apparel the research on Japanese economic and sundries, whilst there were political and social systems

1933

eased $100.0

There was a large increase

which mounted to $218.0 millions in 1935 light increases in imports of dye- ing and tanning materials, oll

"compared with $128.5 millio 1934 and 3134.1 mittö: and fats, painted and vehicles. In-Exports of "silver barg The Chinese authorities in Tien- jain are considering the reorgagi-ports of artificial manures and also pation of the Chinese Chamber of finerals and ores practically dou-mallions

from $0.2 millions in 193 Commerce, which is now at a stand pled..

195 FK Slver dol

to $34.6 millions; and. ZVTREASURE FIC RES

silver dollars from dyein

$18.0 millions. Ex- machinery ibo

bara declin nures, treasure, and 1893 milions in 1934 to all other commodities

and chi

deditus as compas

The following cable has been sent by the local branch of the St. John Ambulance Brigade to the headquarters in London till. The transaction of adfairs of "Loyal expression of profound the Chamber has been allmoted by sorrow at the passing of HIS ME-

when crossing the continent; then Jesty King George, Sovereign head

be recent resignations of some of

its executive members The Mayor.

Mr. Hsiao Chen-ying, ived Mr. Bertel the heaviest rain downpours are of the Venerable Order of Br. John Chi Hus, President of the Cham registered and this deluge, can last of Jerusalem We amem our con- ber of Commeron, recently, te dir porta several days flooding the district.tinued loyalty to the Crown.” fuss the future of 13°Uhamber.

235 showed with 1934

from

liver

31.1 molligns to $17.

FOR

DISTINCTIVE QUALITY FURNITURE

MODERN or PERIOD DESIGN SOUNDLY CONSTRUCTED TO GIVE LASTING SATISFACTION.

FURNISHING DEPT.

LANE, CRAWFORD, LTD.

ASSAO

STORE

6 JORDAN ROAD

TTL. 59321.

THE

KOWLOON:

HONGKONG DAILY PRESS

CAN BE OBTAINED

AT THE ABOVE STORE DAILY

Gathering Energy for the Morrow

Lucky children, peacefully sleeping in their dainty linle

Slumber Suits

*Nursery Viyel

the children's own Fabri as rose petals and, just as soft to tender skins

the

them from extremes of warmth and cold.

Mothers! see that your children are.” Viye

col against

obtainable

Nursery Viyella

Of all first class stores East. If any Wm. Hollins Castle Bouleva

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