1935-03-23 — Page 2

Page

MAIL NEWS FROM CHINA

Railway, Mining, And Road

Building

Ihing-Huchow Telephone Service

to be Completed

The Thing (Kiangsu)-Huchow (Cheklang) sector of the pro- jected Nanking-Hangchow long- distance telephone service will be completed in early February. The line is part of the nine-pro- vince long-distance telephone net- work ordered by the Ministry of Communications.

"

To Complete the Survey of

Patung-Enshih. Highway

In view of the importance of developing communication faed- Huper:, lities in south-western the Headquarters of the Bandt- Suppression Forces for the three " provinces of Hupeh, Anhut and Hunan has ordered the Hupeh Provincial Government to com- plete the survey of the project- ed Patung-Enshi (Shihnanfu) Highway

Ral-Highway Through Trans-

Anhui

portation in

An agreement for the opera- tion of through transportation between the 'Wuhu-Tunki Rafi- way and the highways in south- eastern Anhui has been signed between the Klangnan Railway Company and the Anhul Pro- vincia Highway Bureau with the approval of the Anhul Pro- vinelal Government...

To Construct Soochon-Shanghai

Highway

Plans for the construction of the projected Soochow-Shanghai Highway have been worked out by the Klangsu Provincia: Gov- ernment.

an observatory will be erected at the sacred mountains of Taishan, in Shantung, this spring, in order to study astronomical changes.

Double-Tracking of "Shanghai- Nunhalang Railway Nearing Com- pletion.

the double With regard to tracking of the Shanghal-Nan- hsiang section of the Nanking- Shanghai Rallway, it is under- stood that construction work has been

progressing satisfactorily since October. 1914. and will be completed in March.

New Repair Works for Telegraph

and Telephone "Apparatus

A Repair Works for. Telegraph "and telephone apparatus and equipment has been established in Nanking by the Ministry of Communications, and the various telegraph and telephone adminis- trations and bureaux have been notified.

in

Canton-Hankow Railway Progress

Engineering Bureau

• The charge of the construction of the

(Hunan) Shluchow Chuchow (Kuangtung) section of the Can- ton-Hankow Railway, has placed an order in Britain for 66 coaches and wagons, which are expected" to arrive in China in May. Ac- cording to plans of the Bureau, construction work on the entire section will be completed by the end of this year.

To Encourage the Use of Long- distance Telephones

!!

use of the To encourage the The road will start

telephone system, the Ministry of from

and Soochow

pass the

decided to Kuantuli,

Communications has Welkuat- towns of

abolish the regulation requiring ang, Weiting Chengichen, Kun- sahn (Quinsan). Hisachiachlao, a deposite to be made for use of Arting and Huangtun to link the fang-distance telephone ser- vice. Hereafter any resident in up with the Nanhsiang-Shang="

It w{} hai Highway.

other elties may Shanghai or make calls on long-distance lines merely on payment of the pre- scribed fee.

be

70 kilometers long, built parallel to and on the southern side of the Nanking-Sharghal Ralway and from one to.five kilometers distant from the line. The en- tire road is to be completed by the end of May. The Municipal Government of Greater Shanghal will be responsible for the sur- veys on the Shanghai-Qansar section and the Kiangsu Provin- cial Govermatent for the Quin- san-Soochow section. The cost of construction is estimated at $700.000. The expenses for sur- of the and construction Shanghai-Quinsan section will be. borne by the Shanghai Munici- pal Government; the Quinsan- Soochow section by the K'angsu Provincial Government.

Teys

To Erect Observatory at Taishan According to information from the Astronomical Research De- partment of the Academia Sinica

To Extend the Canton-Kiung-

chow Airway to Nanning.

The South-western Aviation Corporation has decided to ex- tend the Canion-Klungchow Nanning (Hainan), Airway to Yungning, provincial capital of Kuangsi, from Canton. A station will also be established at Lut- chow, south-western Kuangtung. north of Hainan Island. In this connection. Mr: Hu Chin-ya, Chief of the Aviation Section, took off from Canton on February 9 to make an aerial survey of the line.. Installation work on the Canton- Hankow telegraph line has been completed. Service will be in- augurated shortly under the dir- ection of the Ministry of Com- munications.

AND

PORTL

EMER

CRETE

GEMENT

EMERALCRETE

RAPID HARDENING PORTLAND CEMENT

IN PAPER BAGS OF 94LBS NETT

PRODUCT OF

GREEN ISLAND CEMENT CO.LTD.

EXCHANGE BUILDING. HONG KONG

HONG KONG DAILY PRESS, SATURDAY, MARCH 23, 1935.

ENGINEERING AND BUILDING

ECONOMIC PLANNING

IN INDIA

Use Of Imported Commodities

"In his Indian Budget speech last year;

country generaly is not likely to be achieved by restricting the export trade, especially when con- currently the price of manufac tured goods is raised by the im- position of heavy import duties Actually, during a difficult period the Indian cultivator has shown No remarkable staying power. less than 23 per cent. of his income is spent fixed charges

interest,

the c.-and rent prices he receives for his crops leaves little for other, living ex- penses.

Reductions and remis- sion of land revenues and water rates by the various Provincial. "Governments have helped him over the last few years, but he has had little or no surplus to expend on imported goods.

METALS THAT TIRE

Professor Andrade's Discovery

The discovery that even the purest metal can get "tired" has been made by Professor E. N. da C, Andrade, of University College, London.

It is a conclusion which is of considerable importance to

ex-

whose lives depend on the smor sineers as well as to all those workign of machinery. "Fatigue" in a metal means is liability to fracture under continually repeat- ed stress, and there are few ma- chine or structural components. the working conditions of which can be so adjusted as to exclude this possibility.

On the contrary, the whole tendency to-day 13 towards higher engine speed, and, work- ing stresses, and on a conserva- tive estimate 80 per cent. of all the falles in modern engineering practice can be attributed to fatigue. The essence of fatigue is that, under cantnied strain, a metal may yield to forces con-

smaller thar. siderably

would normally break it,

Breaking as a result of fatigue is accompanied by a slipping" of successive layers of crystals in the metal This sliping can be seen under the micoscope, al- though there is in some cases a certain amount of difficulty in interpreting the photographs ob-

Sir George Schuster said. we produce" what other countries used to sell to us, their for our ex- purchasing power

diminish unless we ports will can raise the general standard of provide an living in India" and tncreased market capable not only of absorbing the products of In- dian industries, but also of con- tinuing the use of imported com- modities" Related to this state- mert is the fact that in five years. Indian imports declined trom Rs.253 crores to Rs. 115 crotes, and as in the past two- thirds of the central revenues of the Government of India have been drawn from customs duties, on imports, the 'shrinkage of re- venue consequent on the fall in imports was met by new duties. This policy was dictated by a desire to increase the customs yield, but the high duties restrict- ed imports to the point that the law of diminishing returns be- gan to operate, while as an in- direct result new Thdian indus-, tries were created and old ones expanded. High

tained... tobacco duties brought about the transfer of of cigarettes the manufacture from United Kingdom to Indiar factories, while Messrs. Tata Iron and Steel Company and Messrs.

Company: Tinplate

of India worked almost at full capacity during the years 1933-34. when the corresponding industries of most other countries were pass- "ing through a very black period.

FALL IN IMPORTS

PROGRESS IN INDUSTRY

The recent history of the coun- try suggests that the raising of the general standard of living. to which Sir George Schuster re- ferred is not likely to be brought about by a narrow policy of the economic rationalism, and situation would certainly appear to be one in which the opposite one of economic planning might There show remarkable · results. are examples of such planni already in operation. The visit. of the Lancashire Trade Delega- tor to India in the autumn of of 1933 led to an agreement that estabilshed the principle of deal ing in future with common pro- blems affecting the Lancashire and Indian textile trades by direct discussion, and in virtue of some advantages obtained, the Lancashire Delegation undertook to further the use of Indian raw This cotton as far as possible. agreement, has had definite re-

Professor Andrade estimates sults, and while in 1932-39 Indian cotton represented 4 per cent of

that his mercury was pure to the total consumption in "Lanca

within one part in one hundred shire, this reached 8 per cent. in

million, and a well-known com- the following year, and it is con-mercial Arm to watch it was sub-

that in a sidered likely

few years Lancashire will be tak- ot 500,000 bales ing

at least Indian cottor a year. The second example of the results of plan- ning or of 'working together, is shown by the advantages Indian export trade has already obtained from the Ottawa Trade

"Hitherto i thas been generally belleved

and that "slipping," therefore fatigue, was caused by the presence of impurities in the methal, Now Professor Andrade has taken the puest metal which frozen he could find, mercuy soild át a temperature of some sixty degrees below zero, and he finds that "fatigue" is actuallyTMTM greater than if the metal is less pure.

From the point of "view of the economic nationalist, the latter effects," which are but typical of others.

may appear satisfactory, bút, as Sir George Schuster pointed out, a fall in imports is be accompanied by a likely to fail in exports and actually the a trade reached Indian expol: record low level in the year 1932- 33. When it is remembered that the population of British India and the Native States is 350 mil lon, and that the majority are occupied, in agriculture, it will be realised that prosperity of the

ments.

Agree-

"Capital Wharf" of Nanking Near- Shan (Mountain), along the

ing Completion.

The new wharf of the Tientsin- Pukow Railway at Hslakuan is nearing completion. Situated at the end of Chungshan Road out- side the Yang Gate, It Is to be officially named the "Capital Wharf by the Ministry of Rall-

ways.

י

new

Shensi-Kansu

A border. Engineering Office will be esta- of the to take charge blished western section.

The cost Is estimated

construction 3 $790,000,

of' at

Highway Improvement Measures for South eastern Provinces. The Highway Communications Commission Construction Work on Soochow-

for the three pro- vinces of Kiangsu, Chekiang and Shanghal Highway Started

Anhui and the Municipalities of Work on the construction of the Nanking and Greater Shanghal Soochow Shanghai Highway has held a meeting at the premises been started. The Kiangsu Pro- of the Chekiang Provincial De- vincial Department of Recon- partment of Reconstruction struction is responsible. for the Seochow-Quinsan (Kunshan) sec. tion, and the Shanghai Municipal Bureau of Public Works for the Quinisan-Shanghai section. The latter section will be completed in March.

is

On.

The

January 31. "It was decided that the use of the charcoal-gas en- gine for omnibus service, and the production and transportation of charcoal, be encouraged." Provincial and Municipal high- way authorities will be instructed to purchase two cars driven by Talerchwang-Chaochwang Branch, charcoal-gas engines for trial on their highways. The question of providing a repair service on the Construction work од the Nanking-Hangchow and Shang- branch line of the Lung-Hai "hal-Hangchow and other high- Railway between Taferchwang ways in the vicinity of Shanghal and Chaochwang, along the will be left to the Cheklang Pro- Shantung-Kiangsu border, is now vincial Government and the Na completed and train service will tondi Good Roads Association, be operated shortly. Four sta-

Ballway Completed

and Engineers,

tions will be established at Chao Statistics of Registered Physicians tum, Suyangshan, Chufushan and The line is 31 Talerchang.: kilometers long and is to be used largely for the transportation of

To Constract Sian-Lanchow

Highway

Work on the Slan (Shengt)- Lanchow (Kansu) Highway will be carried out on two sections The Engineering Bureau at Ping- lang, eastern Kansu, will be re- sponsible for the building of the eastern section, east of Lupda

Up to date, 6,627 persons throughout the country have re- gistered and been granted licenses by the Ministry of Interior to practise as physicians; 203 85 5, 831 888ssistant pharmacists," pharmacists and 2,106 as mid- wives, making a total of 9,727 persons according to statistics compiled by the Ministry. In addition 684 engineers and 171 assistant engineers have been duly registered at the Ministry of Industry.

"No Trace"

mitted could find no trace of im- re- in itself purity whatever, markable tribute to his skill.

Evidence of this silpping in pure sold mercury has been ob- tairied in a series of "beautiful photographs, taken beneath the microscope, which the most ex- pert criticism has found no cause to interpret differently.

The Situation In Britain

It has become a commonplace in this world that we cannot stand stil; either we must con- tinue to progress or, alternatively, fall behind, quickly to vanish from the scene. In the engineer ing industry, unfortunately, of recent years too many well-known and respected "Arms have disap- peared owing to the difficulties of weathering the rough times through which we have been passing. Others have found that only by drastic reorganisation have they been able to place themselves on a productive basis from which they may hope to reach out and share in the world trade available. But such organ isation in the days hardly suffices. us Mr. D. A. Bremner, Director of the British Engineers' Association, pointed out in the address he gave at one of that body's lun- .cheons, Mr. Bremner drew at- tention to the many changes which were proceeding all round the engineering" industry, pointed the moral that if the latter did not fall into the stride it would end by being out of the running "Change or Decay" was the title given to his remarks. but he ex- plained that the words were not intended to be taken as merely descriptive, but in a more forceful mandatory sense-the Industry had to change, or it would" decay as the only alternative

most applicable to its peculiar conditions, but, as Mr. Bremner stated, none sular tried would be likely to prove acceptable to the people of this country. "Great, Britain's outlook is "complicated

ours.

a different way from that of any other country by reason of the close connection which it is essential we should maintain with other constituent parts of the Em- pire, and the methods of Russia or Germany cannot conceivably be applied to any complex or- It is ganisation such as essential, therefore, that special means should be adopted, suited tu dur lave of independente and of private enterprise and initia- tive priceless assets in their way, but which Mr. Breinner submits must

to the co-ordinated greatest net advantage of the nation.

be

ACTION NECESSARY

It is these matters that now re- quire attention, apart from tech- nical progress and production problems.

That changes are on the way is undoubtedly proved by the mere fact that draft Bils.. put forward by responsible partles are now actually in being, it only to afford subject for debate and discussion. It is quite impossible to ignore such signs of the times. and to sit in armchair and

03 them just. read best way to court disaster. agree with Mr. Bremner that these things must be considered,

COMPLICATED OUTLJOK

taking place in Changes are

and the The daily Press every sphere. reports from foreign countries show that continually one after another around us is organising Industry on national lines, and that fundamental changes are taking place in the attitude of mind of people towards the great problems of production and dis- has tribution of wealth. This been very marked, of course, in Russia, Italy, the United States, and Germany; now France pro- mises to follow ault. Each thinks that it has adopted the solution

The places along a red of solid mercury at which slipping takes place are not uniformly spaced, and it has not yet been possible to decide whether they represect pre-existing weaknesses in the surface of the mercury. It is possible, however, that the effect may be connected with another discovery recently made by Prod fessor Andrade that of Invisible cracks" in most forms of solid material. It is these cracks. It is believed; which make the practi- cal strength of most materiais so much less thar, the theoretical strength, as calculated from the

between "binding forces"

the different atoms which make it

up.

In any case it now appears cer- tain that metallurgists have been on the wrong track in thinking that they could reduce fatigue by eliminating impurities. IL A solution is to be found of one of the pressing problems of modern engineering. Professor Andrade has shown that it must be along. other lines.

Careful

I want a saddle horse.

Customer (at riding academy)-

Riding Master-What kind of a saddle do you want, English or Mexicanf

Customer-What's the difference?. Riding Master-English saddles are perfectly plain, and the Mezi- can have a horn.

Customer-Give me one with horn. I'm not used to trafic.

No Friis

Mr. Registrar Friend, to witness at Clerkenwell County Court to- day: Your Christian name? Witness Bert. pr Registrar: Albert on high-days and holidays, I suppose?

Witness: Na, Just Bert. Registrar: I see. Hert all the year round

***

the

We

engineering industry. must make up its mind on what action It will take. Engineering employers are satisfied to put up great sums of money in order to organise effectively on the matter constitute of wages, &c, which only a part of their production costs; yet little is done to örganise the industry itself, although with- oub such organisation the wages question will in time become nf little moment, trom the fact that work will pass into the hands of our competitors,

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