1934-07-21 — Page 3

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THE ENDOWMENT THE POLLUTION

OF RESEARCH ®

Value Being Recognised

is

Engineering, especially elect- rical engineering, dillers from many other industries m. that its development has proceeded from scientific rather than tradi- tional knowledge. One result of this is that those who work in its ranks have no inherited prejudice against reasearch and have al- ways supported this important form of human activity in prin- ciple, if not with oven poržets. On the other hand, in some of the older industries, where pro- gress has been the outcome of trial "and error and where even now the scientific reasons why certain methods were rightly adopted are only just being 'dis- covered, it has been necessary to fight hard not only for the fin- ancial support of, but for the very principle of researen. We are therefore glad to learn from a report of the proceedings at a conference of Research Associa- tions, which was recently held in London, that its value. is being recognised and that it is the general view that the resources of these bodies should be largely increased, "If only to enable long- range investigations to be under- taken. In this connections. Lord Rutherford referred to the will- ingness of the Government to afford increased financial help and urged that the councils of the various associations, should submit proposals for work to the Department of Scientiae and Industrial Research, so that öper- ations on a mere extensive sesle could be undertaken at an early date. Increased help from the Government does not, however, mean that contributions from the Industries concerned WAIN no longer be necessary.

The question, therefore, arises how these, contributions" on a higher scale than in the past can be obtained from as large a num- ber of individuals and firms as possible. A possible way of achieving this end is by a com- pulsory levy on those who dir- ectly or indirectly, beneût from the work of the association. As pointed out by Mr. Baldwin, in answer to a question asked by Mr. Baldwin, in answer to a ques tion asked by Mr. Mander in the House of Commons on Tuesday, March 27, two years ago the re- search associations in general were unfavourable to this pro- posal, though why, it is hard to see. He added, however, that there was.. evidence, of some change of opinion, and that it was therefore proposed again to. consult them on subject. If the result 'was' favourable to the idea in a sufficient number of cases. a Bill which would enable any industry to finance researca by imposing a levy on itself. would receive sympathetic consideration, Buch an arrangement offers a way out of a grave difficulty, which, to a greater or less extent, affects all the associations. It will not, be achieved, we fear. without some opposition; and, that being overcome to determine the sctual basis on which the levy is to be imposed, will not be easy, But

OF WATERS

Effects of Different Factors

The Water Pollution Research Board was constituted In 1927, and has now, therefore, been six-years in existence. In its report. for 1932, a brief review WAS made of the effects of different factors on the na- ture and

amount of the sew- age and industriál effluents dis- charged into the rivers and streams of this country, and, the amounts of such effluents which safely be taken without the waters being seriously polluted. In the Report for the year end- Ing June 30, 1933, 1ssued last week, by the Department of Scientific and Industrial Re- search, attention is drawn to the fact that although the water supplies of the country as a re- salt of systematic research and the application of scientific met- hods are, as a whole, far less liable to harmful contamination than was the case some years ago, the need for even greater watchful- ness is sometimes emphasised by outbreaks of waterhorne disease.

Without the constant and care- ful watch maintained by the Metropolitan Water Board the outbreak of paratyphoid in Ep- ping. 1931 might have spread rapidly and become extremely serious. The trouble. the report states, was soon traced to the consumption of infected milk, and it might consequently have been supposed that the water "Part supply was not involved. of the sewage, of Epping. how- ever." the report continues, "after treatment on land.

dis- charges into Cobbins Brook, which enters the River Lea above the Metropolitan Water Board's infakes from that river. Samples of the sewage, effluent still "con- tained paratyphoid bacilli at the end of June, 1933." The water from Cobbins Brook is very great- ly diluted when 'it eaters the Lea. and the water taken from the Lea is given, about four week's

the storage in

Walthamstow Reservoirs and slow sand filtra- tion before distribution, but to ensure safety, chlorination applied to the Brook water below the last source of contamination in February, 1931, and this has since been continued. In addi- tion. the altered water has been treated with ammonia and chlo- rine. and for a short period the River Lea was not used fort sup- ply. As the Board rightly points out, many rivers which are at present to some extent polluted will have to be used in the future 28 sources of supply, after treat- ment, to meet the increasing, de- mands of domestic and industrial requirements. Improvements in the condition of the river waters are urgently required, if costly methods of water treatment and possible dangers to public health are to be avoided.

J

was

it is certainly worth considera- tlon, and we hope that not only will opinion in general be fonud favourable to it, but the necessary action will be taken without de- lay.

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HONG KONG DAILY PRESS, SATURDAY, JULY 21, 1934

DROUGHT AND FLOODS

Flåtter Land Important

In considering the questions of shortage of water, a factor which largely bears on it is frequently overlooked. Writes a correspon- dant. During recent years, drain- age of the land generally has been vastly extended, and the conséquence is that rainfall is very rapidly run off to low levels and a very large portion of it reaches tide-water, instead of being allowed to soak into the subsqli. This, of course, * must very quickly affect shallow, wells' in times of scarcity, and in flat- ter land may be still more,, in- portant. In the London area, in the valleys of the Thames, and Lea, hunxireds of acres "of' mar- shes continually hold water in immense quantity. generally within a foot of the surface, but at any given point slightly below the level of the. streams which dellever into the reservoirs. In

the Lea valley there are nume- rous gravel pits within 15 miles af London, in which the water has stood within a foot of the surface of the ground through out the whole of the late protracted drought. This water level is at all points a few feet below the level of the Lea, which atscherges into the East London reservoirs. In case of serious emergency would be easy and in- expensive to pump, all these col- lecting pits over the Lea Naviga- tion and into the Lea proper...

Concrete Settling Pits

As a permanent improvement, I suggest that it would be prac- ticable to form concrete settling

pits in which a contant water level could be maintained by means of weirs, at say 1 ft. below the permanent water level in the surrounding marshland. Along- side each a borehole should be sunk and set so as to convey a continuous flow down through

the almost faultless' bed of Lon- don clay to replenish the water- bearing strata below. The effect would be first to make up the permanent deep level water sup ply, which

been lowered

has

several feet in the last twenty years by the immense amount' of pumping from the chalk bed; and secondly the present water. level in the marshes would be lowered thus forming a recep- tacle for flood water in times of abnormal rainfall (vide Lord Desborough's Speech at the Thames Conservancy Meeting re Floods two years ago). A third result would be the vast impro- remetit of the marshes as pas- ture, now largely useless by rea-. son of the poorness of the "water graag” and rough' herbage.

In the surrounding country. somewhat above the level of the marshland, where local water supply depends on shallow wells, something similar could be done

THE PORTRAIT GALLERY

Authentic Mary Queen of Scots Study

11

(Special Air Mail Service)

London July After being closed for three years for reconstruction and fire- prooding, the Scottish Natiohal Portrait Gallery, Queen Street, Edinburgh, is being reopened to

DOITOW.

|

CHINA'S TRADE PROBLEMS

Cotton And Silver

(Special Air Mail Berrics)

London, July 4. The report of the general manager of the Bank of China 'to the annual meeting of sharehold -- era is establishing a reputation as one of the best reviews of China's cconomie, position, as it appears to the Chinese, and the report for 1933, which has now come to hand, contains much that deserves serious consideration. The report records that pathologiesi

лутр- toms which were observed in 1932 became more noticeable last year, and that the Government, as a result of the further developments. has introduced any measures for rural rehabilitation. "'Agriculture and transportation are engaging more attention, and cotton, which is becoming of great importance In China's agricultural and indus- trial economy, is being the subject of special efforts. It will surprise many English traders to find that, since the new developments in Manchuria, the ten chief exports from China in order of importance are now raw silk, eggs and their products, cotton yarn, tea, metals and minerals. furs and skins. wood oil, raw cotton, silk goods, and cotton goods. In 1938 the arst ten were beans and peas, raw slik, eggs and their products, seed cakes, cereals, tea, IAW cotton. A small portrait of the Earl of ground nuts, cotton yarn, and furs. Bothwell shows that he bore a re- semblance to Robert Louis Steven-silk goods, wood oil, metals and and skins: these were followed. By

The lighting has been greatly improved after a prolonged series of experiments, during which care ful records were taken of the day- light on the wall surfaces. Ar- tificial lighting has also received careful consideration. The walls have been freshly decorated by❘ using distemper in an unconven-. tional way, and the inet result is that the oldest pictures look re- markably fresh "and) almost as" if they had been recently repainted.

The new arrangement of hang ing is a chronological one, begin ning on the ground floor with the period of Mary Queen of Scots, James VL, and Charles 1 Of special interest is the copy of the Clouet coloured crayon study from ure of Mary Queen of Scots when she was Queen of France. The eyes are of hazel brown, but the halr of neutral tint."As is shown, however. by the 1578 portrait by Pierre Oudry near by, her hair was of auburn colour.

BOIL

է:

Bursa's Portraits.

On the first door the Restors tion period is represented, the Queen Anne and the "Fifteen" and "Forty-Five" portraits being in

cluded

minerals, coal, seeds, and cotton goods in the circumstances, and especially, in view of the anxiety as to China's need to import foodstuffs and raw materials, it is

would decrease the consumption of fine goods and thus entourage thrift and economy.

not suprising that the Government An outstanding feature on the should be doing its best to streng

then the industry. The report top floor is a new “Burns shrine.” In it are collected and effectively says that, although Ching is not arranged in admirable lighting yet self-supporting as regards cot- the portraits of Nasmith, Alexari- ton, importing about 300.000 bales der Reid, and Peter Taylor, and of fine qualities annually, a alight the interesting Miers silhouette. increase in the tarif would raise A striking bust of Henry Mac- the price of Chinese cotton and kenzie, his early critic, is appro-stimulate its cultivation, while it priately placed on one side of the shrine. The Scott group of port raits la almost a new attraction on

In 1933, for the first time, China account of the fresh strangement.

There are number of repre- had a large net export of silver. sentative works by Allan Ramsay the adverse balance of trade hav- which contrast with the Raeburns, ing Increased further," and this Ramsay has Edinburgh" admirers † drain of silver from the interior who contend he, excelled Raeburn to the ports leads to contracting in some respecta...

currency and credit, falling prices. Among the "recent acquisitions | and the bankruptcy of · "rural" are Mr. John Duncan's portrait of economy. 'If silver is drained from Mrs. Kennedy Fraser in

the ports as well as from the in- Hebridean setting, the portrait of terior the results will be even Andrew Lang, presented by Mrs. more serious, and this may easily. Lang, in which he, looks remark-happen, the report says, if foreign ably like Stevenson, and portraits countries adopt artificial means of Earl Halg, the Earl of Oxford raising the price of liver. The and Asquith. Mr. Lloyd George. purchasing power of China in for- Mr. Bonar Law. Viscount Grey.eign markets depends not on the Earl Beatty, Mr. Winston Chur-price of aliver but on the quantity chill, and others, the artists being and price of the goods which" Orpen, Sargent, and" Guthrie.

with small resservoirs into which THE ENDEAVOUR silver or through other means.

land drains could deliver; these would form interceptors and pré- vent the bulk of the water run- ning away to lower levels, and eventually to tide water, as at present.

„ECONOMIC RESEARCH

INSTITUTE

Hankow, July. 1.

BEATEN

Good Win By Velsheda

(Special Air Mail Service)

London, July 4,

China can sell abroad, and a po-. lley of inflation, either through an artificial increase in the price of

would be disastrous in a country like China, where "currency and credit are by no means well" or ganised.

ing times show, she had. beaten her handsomely at the windward. mark: Vaisheda 12hrs. 54min.

45sec. Endeavour, 12-65-30; Shamrock, 12-57-42.

Having obtained this lead" 'of Endeavour, the America's Cup 15sec, at the end of the first round,

Opponents Out-Manoeuvred

For revival of the economic challenger, met with her first. Velsheda continued to steadily in prosperity of Central China, the really important defeat on Satur-crease it, and was 2min. 256ec. Commander-in-Chief's Headquar-day when she was soundly beaten ahead at the nnish. tera of the Bandit-suppression in the J Class match at Falmouth Forces for the provinces of Honan. by Mr. W. L Stephenson's · Vel- Hupeb and Ashwel, has decided sheds, writes a correspondent... to organize an Economic Research There was no doubt that Mr. Institute with Mr. W., Donald, Sopwith's vessel gave a disappoint Adviser to General Chang Hauching display, whatever may have Liang, Vice-Commander-in-Chief, in charge.

been the cause." :-)

During the first round of the race Shamrock was the leading

The veteran skipper of Velsheda, Capt. Mountefeld," handled” Mr. Stephenson's yacht with wonder- ful skill and judgment, and out- manoeuvred his opponents.

The race was over a triángular An order has been issued to the

10-mile course of three rounds. It Hupeh: Provincial Government by the Commander-in-Chiers Head-yacht: At the leeward mark boat was called in a light to moderate she was 1min. 45sec. in front of north-easterly breeze, with fresti quarters instructing that every Velaheda. They now had to face pas near the land in Falmouth assistance be given to the Institute turn to windward, about five Bay. The six cutters soon divid in investigating economic condi-

miles, in a "moderate breeze ed into two separate, battles, the tions of the various district-Shamrock never was a mer to three 7 class boats, Velaheda. En- windward. and when the three deavour and Shamrock, having a yachts were trimmed down for a great race, while the three ole good thresh into the ere of the yachts, Britannia Astra and Can- wind I was not surprised to see dida, were equally well matched | Bhamrock :: well beaten by the

other two.

Kuo Min.

RACING

MEETING : Saturday, 9.15– P.M.

ADMISSIONS

Sunday, 9.15 P.M.

$2 Pari-Mutuels; $1 Cash Sweeps;

Members Stand $1 Publie Stand. 40

The course gave them a free, 4

reach to a mark boat, off the Gull Canvas Bitting Badly ・・・

Rock, where they gybed and reach The Endeavour's canvas was ed again to a second mark. sitting very badly; her mainsail off the Manacles Rocks, from which was flapping in the Teach and point it was a very good beat to something seemed radically wrong windward back to Falmouth. The with her. Of course, there were 40-mile course was sailed in Just flukes and slants in the north- under Ave hours.. easterly wind, but when boats are In such close company each helmsman should have an equal chance of dealing with theme

The Velaheda, however, overhau ed Endeavour, and, as the follow,

prevailed

Perfect weather throughout the two, and a great fleet of boats under rotor and saILŲ tered in the beautiful bay to the racing.

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