1934-01-06 — Page 3

Page

THE OILINESS OF OIL

Methods Of Testing

The degree of "olliness" of a bricant is a very important fac- in determining its suitability, tit has hitherto been difficult Messrs. Bir W. H ascertain. iley and Company, Limited. Al- on Works, Salford, have, how- er, developed a handy little ap- ratus, termed the "Aptol" olil- will en- ss comparator, which le it to be assessed qualitative- at least. A high degree of micros- tliness" means that pically thin film is formed on the resists which bbing surfaces; ry great pressures and protects and lose surface against wear izure: The mere "feel"

9

of an is no indication of its quality. the thicker fluid film only. ander high out hich squeezes ressure, is usually thus examin- and the test is more that of scosity than "olliness" The com- rator consists of a pair of small dises cast-iron ghly-polished

A small ith a centre guide pin. uantity of the oil to be tested is

placed between the disc, which are then slowly twisted in opposita 0: the directions. The nature slipping of the discs gives a ready guide to the degree of "ildness," A smooth sliding motion being in- dicative of high "olliness' and any lesser degree being shown at once by a chatter, grip or binding. The discs are formed so that the area in contact is small and the pres- sure that can be exerted is, in consequence, suffelently" high to be effective. One of the discs has a continuous, narrow conical re- cessed ring at the outside of the circumference. The other has 30 interrupted projecting conical ring | which its inside that of the first The more fuld" portion of the oil can escape through the interrup- tions, whilst the film remaining on the surfaces in contact is sub- lected to a stress comparable with that existing in a heavily-loaded bearing. Very little practice is needed in order to obtain reliable results.

▸

Cantieri Riuniti Dell'Adriatico

TRIESTE-MONFALCONE

Shipbuilders, forge masters, electrical engineers, makers of the most up to date types of a roplanes and seaplanes,

Tenders and designs submitted on request. CENERAL AGENCY FOR HONG KONG AND SOUTH CHINA PRINCE'S BUILDING. 3RD FLOOR.

Shanks

&

.CO

LTD

BARRHEAD-SCOTLAND

HONG KONG DAILY PRESS, SATURDAY, JANUARY 6, 1934.

ENGINEERING & BUILDING

OIL - ELECTRIC LOCOMOTIVE

Useful For Main

Line Work

Whatever views may be held as to the value of oil locomotives for main-line traffic in this country, it will be generally admitted that nothing but good. can result from an extended trial of their pos- sibilities.

Satisfaction will, there- fore, be felt at the decision of the London and North-Eastern Rall- way Company to put three such locomotives into experimental and service between Newcastle Berwick,

SIR RICHARD TANGYE

Centenary Commemorated

Among the many engineers of

ALTERNATING CURRENT

MOTORS

Multi-Speed Engines Simple

and Cheap

WINDINGS

Ordinary squirrel-cage motors, ARRANGEMENTS OF STATOR

There are three possible... ar- ma-rangements of the stator wind-

Cornish origin who have attained though used for most industrial a wider rives on alternating current, are

constant-speed distinction. few gained reputation than Sir Richard Tang-herently

c. the centenary of whose birta chines, and in slipring or commutings. The coils can be reconnect- occurs on Nevember 24. Born atator motors the speed variation ed to give the low speed (usually 's only obtained by sacrificing half the synchronous speed), in- birthplace

for the dependent windings logan, Cornwall, the

each fairly speed can be provided in the same can be slots, or both methods

With more than one combined. winding the efficiency is slightly reduced by the idle copper in the windings not in use, and the size and cost are increased, 'particu- larly for three or four speeds.

"

and

LIB

In-

vals, supporting the engine gen- erator set upon a virtual three- point suspension. The driving wheels are 48 in, in dlarneter, and the truck wheels are 36 in. In dia meter. 12 in. by 51 in. Isothermos axle boxes are employed. Braking 1s by vacuums, with couplers for connecting to passenger stock, and

of Richard Trevithick, he was the efficiency or simplicity. is effected by, a Consolidated Brake

is type, which son of a Quaker farmer with an slipring rotary exhauster acting through

"unaccommodating Non-conform-cheap, the emclency falls with 24-in. Westinghouse cylinders.

1st conscience who steadily refus the speed. In the commutator

the Compressed-air sanding is fitted.

high efficiency at all ed to pay the Church rates." There type The engine is a British-built were five other sons, of whom four speeds may be offset 'by

crease of 50 per cent in first cost. eight-cylinder Armstrong-Sulzer-James.

Joseph: Edward suit of the same size as that used George all had a share in laying

Where, however, two, three, or on the Paris, Ceinture Railway.

the foundations of the famous four different speeds are all that

For two speeds, the connections is necessary; these can be easily The main engine structure consists

Cornwall Works at Birmingham obtained from a squirrel-cage, mo-

are relatively simple; the "motor The machines selected of two cast-iron cylinder blocks

How the business, now known, a

tor by altering the number of may be connected to the supply for this purpose are 880-brake built, up on a welded steel crank

Tangye, Limited, was started in

poles, which for a given frequency either direct or through an auto- horse-power oil-electric units builtį chamber. Separate cylinder heads,

a workroom hired at 49. a week, by Messrs. Sir W. G. Armstrong each with valves in. removable

how the hydraulic Jacks patented of supply varies the synchronous transformer, With a single wind-

a reconnecting switch is..! speed in "inverse proportion. The ins Whitworth and Company Limited, cages, and separate fuel pumps and

Joseph Tangye actual speed of the motor is al-necessary, and the two synchron- Newcastle-upon-Tyne, at their valve. gear are provided for each by James

ous speeds must be in a simple ways about 5 per cent less than Scotswood Works. An Important cylinder. Full power is developed brought fame to the firm in con-

nection with the launch of

the synchronous

(3,000, ratio, such as 3 2 or 2: 1 (in value feature of the design is that two at 700 rp.m., and two. reduced

and how

small motors); the winding may soon 1,500, 1,000, 150, 600, or 500 r.p.m. For more of the locomotives can be speeds are provided for medium Great Eastern.

that coupled together and driven by power and for idling, with the ar- afterwards, an expensive but suc- on a standard 50-cycle supply). be divided into two halves

can be reconnected either repeated cessful lawsuit secured to the This method of changing gear one crew, so that comparisons can rangements made for

brothers the sole right of the electrically can be effected by parellel or in series to give either

full or be made with powerful steam loco- easy starting of the main engine..

half speed. With two the differential designing the motor so that the motives engaged in similar work. the latter speed is only used to manufacture of

windings any combination of or the phase angle varied through service. The cylinder llaers are of Aldridge Weston (1832-1900), were

in 1889 an external switch or by mounting tained if a suitable number of special cast-iron, the pistons all told by Sir Richard, forged aluminium alloy, and the in his entertaining autobiographi- two motors on the same shaft and slots to at both windings, is cho- "We connecting them in cascade" sen; the switching arrangements connecting rods are chrome-nickel cal sketch. "One and All."

are simplified, and star-delta Cooling is effected steel forgings. by a direct-driven pump circulat launched the Great Eastern, and (the secondary winding of one to starting by means of a six-pole

Richard the primary of the other),

Multi-speed

and

thu

The power developed by the olla limited extent when in regular pulley block, invented by Thomas coils or phases can be rearranged | synchronous speeds may be ob-

also

ing

the water through Berck 'radiator elements, elements also

Whitworth locomotives of large A 2-6-2 rigid wheelbase type, power, these elements are "arrang- guided by single-axle trucks, wased on each side of the locomotive preferred for running, either end with ducts leading up to a single first at the high speeds required. fan placed in the roof, in this The main structure is bullt up case a Davidson Aeroto fan, on the "1-in. plate frames, with motor-driven and thermostatically cross stretches at suitable inter-controlled.

she launched us,” used to say, for from

Bir

1859

On-

to

motors

erigines fitted can be fully utilised between speeds of 6 and 60 m.ph... so that the locomotives can be used for heavy goods trains and for fast passenger traffic. Two coupled locomotives could in

| change-over switch is permissible, fact be employed for almost any

arranged

As reconnecting arrangements to train on the British railway sys-being provided for lubricating-oil wards, there was an ever-increas- for regrouping of the stator colls give three or four speeds from a

From Mount-(the only method in common use)

single 'winding would be extremely tem, with the exception of the

cooling. "As in all Armstrong-ing list of orders.

the brothers · moved .street.

are simple and cheap. They are complicated, three speeds are ob- heaviest Scotch expresses.

Clement-street, and then to the far preferable on mechanical

tained either, from three windings district rendered historic through grounds to a constant-speed ma or from two windings, one being the work of Boulton and Watt. chine with gear-box, and the first arranged for reconnection, and cost is little more. The starting four-speed motors are provided Close to the old Soho Foundry

Jéss at high with two windings, each arranged sprang up a still larger, establish- torque is slightly ment. bearing on its walls in six-speeds than at low speeds. With for reconnection.

torque the output is foot letters, "Cornwall Works, constant

Multi-speed motors may

be Tangye Brothers, Hydraulic En-proportional to the speed, so that started by means of a throw-over The main generatore is of

motor developing 10 horse-switch or g gineers." The manufacture of

drum controller, the Messrs. Laurence Scott's manufac- jacks, of pulleys and machinery power at 1.500 rpm. will only latter being essential for three ot Lure, the three roller-bearing

1,000 was followed by the construction give 6.7 horse-power at traction motors, being, suppiled by Messrs. Crompton Parkinson. The of steam engines" and pumping control apparatus was bullt to plant, and before Sir Richard died, the works Armstrong - Whitworth specifica-on October 14, 1906, tions and patents. and is suitable employed some 2,500 persons.. for the "constant horse-power" the seventies, Edward. James and system developed by the later Joseph Tangye retired, and from

SANITARY WARE

MODERN SANITARY

EARTHENWARE APPLIANCES IN

i-

WHITE & COLOUR

THE JARDINE ENGINEERING CORPORATION, LTD,

14, PEDDER ST. HONG KONG.

`(Incorporated under the Companies' Ordinances of Hongkong)

SOLE ACENTS

SHAMEEN,

CANTON,

For Constructural Work of Every

Description

Use Green Island Cement

A GENERAL WHERE GREEN ISLAND CEMENT IS MADE.

VIEW OF THE GREEN ISLAND CEMENT WORKS TAKEN FROM THE SEA.

Issued by the

GREEN ISLAND CEMENT CO., LTD.

2ND FLOOR. EXCHANGE BUILDING.

firm. This control is entirely self- regulating, and the driver's duties are confined to attention to the road, and manipulation of the single controller handle, and of the brake" valve.

In

four Joeeds. The starters are

rpm and 5 horse-power at 750 generally similar to those used for p.m. At the lower speeds, when single-speed motors, except that a the motor is running at much less

set of overload colls must be pro- than its rated full load. there is vided for each independent wind- a slight reduction in efficiency ing and a large reduction in power

when it is necessary to reduce

factor.

the speed a direct change-down Many industrial operation' re- should be avoided, as while runn- quire a small number of different ing above the new synchronous speeds. Two speeds are necessary | speed a large retarding torque for various processes in the arti- would be set up; the resulting official silk and printing industries mechanical stresses would consi- Оп many machine tools two derably damage the impellers of Wis operations have to be done, at fans and pumps, particularly with

different speeds: a low speed may | motors of large outputs.

1881 the business was carried on as a. limited liability company by Sir Richard and his younger bro-

(1835-1920) ther George Tangye Though, probably he possessed less inventive talent. than others the family, to Sir Richard The leading particulars of the largely due the

success of the locomotives are as follows:-The business. Like his father, a man total power of the main and of strong convictions and high Raxillary engines is 880 brake ideals, he showed remarkable horse-power. The weight in work- courage, industry and enterprise. ing order is 72 tons, the maximum As an employer, he was one of the axle load is 17 tons, and the first to grant the Saturday half- tractive effort is 28,500 lb.

The holiday, and to concede the nine- maximum speed is 70 m.p.h. The hours day, while he took a great length over, the buffer beams 18 interest in educational, social and

Hand be required for setting up or for operated controllers should there- a rough cut, and "a high speed fore be arranged so that when the for a nishing cut: a low speed handle is in the "high-speed"" for tapping, and a high speed for position it "can only be moved to withdrawal, and, different speeds "stop," ensuring that the motor for different guages with draw-can coast down to a reasonable benches.

speed before the low-speed wind-

30 ft. 6 in. The fuel capacity 13 public work. With his brother as multiple-spindle drillers four-starters a timelag should be incor-.

ing.

+

ed

For smail machine tools auching is connected; with automatic sufficient for 900 miles passenger George, he was a generous bene-speed motors up to about 2 borse-porated. This retarding torque is, working or 500 miles goods work-factor to Birmingham Besides his power are useful; each drill can however, very valuable in lift autobiography, he wrote an in- be directly coupled to its own work, for which a range of high- Tests with passenger and goods teresting volume, "Reminiscences motor and run at the most suit- torque motors with double wind- trains of varying loads and speeds of Travel" and another on "The able speed for the work in bandings, giving a high speed of 700 have been made, by courtesy of Two Protectors-Oliver and Rich- Fast-moving lifts can be controll- or 900.r.p.m. and a low speed of the London and North Eastern ard- Cromwell" He was knighted very simply and silently if 230 rpm, have recently been Railway Company, on the New-in 1894. He died at his house at driven by two-speed motors of 10 developed. The high-speed wind- castle-Edinburgh line and on, the Kingston-on-Thames, ind is bur- or 12 horse-power (sometimes up ing is switched directly on to the Carlisle route, and have demon-led in Putney Vale Cemetery.. to 25 horse-power). Centrifugal line, and the motor develops 2 to strated the suitability of the

pumps and boller-house fans that 24 times full-load torque, with have to deliver reduced volumes about 3 to 3 times full-load cur- for long periods can be driven by rent: the lift accelerates until it the larger motors at two or three approaches the required speeds with little loss of efficiency, when the slow-speed winding is and it is easy to arrange for switched in, giving a very even automatic control, according to braking effect before the solepotd the demand for fluid or aix. brakes are applied.

locomotive for the regular service

upon which it is now entering. It ning. as it is such records which will be interesting to see the re- are of use in comparing the, run- cords of fuel oil consumption afterning costs of the oll-electric system a few months of scheduled run- with those of steam traction.

DEVELOPMENT IN ELECTRICITY

New Chairman To British Board

towas do not make much better showing. At the other end of the scale come Derby, Bull and Weet Ham, and among the small centres, Bath, Guildford, Hampstead, Luton and York, with every street cabled. An eminent publicist has been There are, of course, many reasons appointed chairman of the British for this; but one which has just re- cently been receiving some attention Electrical Development Association, is that in 'some of the less electrical and the Central Electricity Board towns the undertaking supplying has become a member of the same this commodity and that purveying body. These changes are, believed gas are both. in municipal owner- to presage the preparation of fur-ship. Competition and all that it ther schemes to stimulate the de unplies, if not actively frowned mand for electricity throughout the upon, is, therefore, not encouraged. ountry, end generally to make the In this connection, it is interesting. public more electrically-minded by to note from the recent annual re- the usual instruments of exhibi-port of the Electricity Commission- tions, lectures and other propaganer that certain gas authorities da. Que step which must also be have succeeded in obtaining Parlia taken if these ends are to be attain-mentary approval for a provision ed is, however, for the supply un- prohibiting a housing authority dertakings to put their own houses from imposing any restriction on in order. It is generally assumed the form of heat, light or power that progressiveness is a matter of that will be supplied. on from sub- size, but that this is not always jexting to a disadvantage those who the case, is shown by figures that prefer any particular form of sup- ply. This, it will be admitted, cute have recently been publish. From both ways, and those who desire to these it appears that while in some use electricity as well as those who towns, both large and small, every desire to use gas are equally pro- street is abled, there are others in tecled. By a logical extension of very different state. For in the principle, the inhabitants in an stance, it is surprising that in Bir-nacabled street are at a disadvan mingham only 700 miles of street, tage, and those responsible may in put of 1,550 miles, are thus aquip- thus sense be considered to have ped, that in Manchester the figures failed in their duty, Probably, 47 406 miles out of 765 miles, and however, this aspect of the position in Stoke-on-Trent, 87 miles out of has already decurred to the Elec- 263 miles. Many of the smaller trical Development Association-

1

SHIPBUILDERS,

SHIP REPAIRERS,

BOILER MAKERS,

FORGE MASTERS,

OXY-ACETYLENE AND ELECTRIC WELDERS,

MECHANICAL AND

ELECTRICAL

ENGINEERS.

DRY DOCK

floor,

DOCKYARD & ENGINEERING COMPANY

THE TAIKOO DOCKYARD &

OF HONG KONG,

SALVAGÉ TUG “Talkoo”

V.P.G.N. 800 METERS.

LIMITED.

Length 787 Feet Length on Blocks 750 Feet. Depta on Centre of SIII (E.W.0.S.T.) 84 ft. 6 ins. --THREE SLIPWAYS.

Capable of Handling Ships Up

to 4.032 Toas Displacement

Electric Crane at Söt Wall Capable of Lifting 100 Toss.

at 70 Feet Radius.

BUTTERFIELD & SWIRE, Agents,

HONG KONG, CHINA & JAPAN. TZL ADTEKAS TAIZONDOCK. Hero Koso." TELEPHONE: 80211

CALL FLAG: "NUMERAL OBK" ÖTEK "ANK, PENNANT.