1933-03-04 — Page 6

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MANSON: THE FATHER OF TROPICAL MEDICINE

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THE SCIENTIST WHO HAS MADE THE TROPICS HEALTHY

THE DEBT THAT HONG KONG, AND ALL WHO LIVE IN THE TROPIOS, OWES TO PATRICE MANSON, THE FOUNDER OF MODERN TROPICAL MEDICINE, WAS OUT- LINED BY PROFESSOR W. L. GERRARD IN A LECTURE LAST NIGHT AT THE MEDICAL SCHOOL OF THE UNI- VERSITY.

Manson's activities ranged from stimulating medical education: In the Far East, to assisting in founding the Dairy Farm, from .rediscovering from a Chinese medicine dried liver of carrion crow -the liver dial treatment of anaemia to the greatest of all his achievements, the tracing of malaria to certain heads of mosquito.

FRIENDSHIP WITH DR. SUN YAT SEN

This keeness is illustrated in a remarkable way by the story of the Mandarin who came to consult Man- son about a skin rash. The patient kept clearing his throat and began to spit on the floor of Manson's consulting room. Manson was about to remind him of his bad manners when he asya "My disgust and an ger vanished on seeing the spatum to be tinged with blood." Manson. rushed forwards and seized a speci men of the sputum. He examined it under the microscope and instead of finding the Blaria embryo as he expected, he saw the egg of an un- known parasite. We now know it was the egg of the Paragonimus or lung fluke.

In Hong Kong.

In 1883 Manson left Amoy for Hong Kong. For many years Hong Kong had been looked on solely as the centre and distributor of mer diandiss but due to Manson's fore- sight it has now become a distribu- tor of Science. It may be that in the future the Commercial fame of Hong Kong will wane but it is cer tain that her importance and fame as a centre for Science will slowly but surely increase.

Let us pass now to what was Manson's most eminent Public Ser vice in this Colony, namely that in

Here in Hong Kong we have striking evidence that Manson was not a one-sided, scientist. He was a hygienist in the widest sense as is shown by the fact that he took Ladies and Gentlemen:

In those days as even now in the leading part in the establish- This evening I make no apologies cult to carry on Western Medicine. Dairy Farm. In those days he many parts it was extremely diff-ment of the present Hong Kong for the title of my paper. We are on the eva of the 21st birthday of ly overcome but medicine produced of a community is second in im Mistrust of Surgery was more ean-pointed out that the milk supply this University and Manson was no theatrical results for the benefit portance only to its water supply. really the founder of our School of the ignorant, Manson's views on The aim was hot to supply milk of Medicine without which I ven- this question are best expressed as a luxury for the well-to-de but ture to suggest there would have follows: "Since most people that fresh milk might become been au University of Hong Kong cover from ordinary sickness with widely used as a food for the poor- Manson was born in Scotland in out treatment or even in spite of er classes. It is hoped that all 1844. Neither at School nor Uni- treatment whether by. Western or appreciate the great boon of a con- versity did he win any prizes. He Chinese Medicine the Chinese can tinuous and safe supply of fresh was evidently above the common run point to plenty of cures as attri- milk. however, because we find him, when butable to his own native medicines quite young, deeply interested in and methods. He therefore seca no a tapeworm he found while investi- reason for giving up the old fami. gating the internal parts of a deadliar ways in which he has faith the cause of Medical Education. In for something new and strange. He Amoy he had striven manfully is prudently conservative in against opposition in that direc this matter and is worthy of re- tion. Ia Hong Kong be found more apeat on that account." To diverge scope and right well did he use for a moment let me remind you

his opportunity. that although veneration of the It would scarcely be fair however dead prevented such things as disto forget that others before Man section and post-mortem examina

sion's time had foreseen the great. tion, the Chinese knew a great dent possibilities of developing medical of this was brought to light some era formed a China Medical and about medicine. A striking instance education in Hong Kong.

In 1843 a few medical practition years ago by a doctor in Australia. Chirurgical Society. The first Pre- A Chinese patient was proved to sident was one, Dr. Tucker who at be suffering from Pernicious Anne- that time expressed the hope that mia and was dying. The patient a medical school would soon be for told the doctor he wanted other med. Unfortunately his untimely advice and returned to China, Twe death resulted in a dissolution of years later the doctor was astound the Society. od to have a visit from his former ] patient. The patient looked so well opened a Missionary Hospital and In June 1844 one, Dr. Hobson, of 5 years and then moved to Amoy that the doctor failed to recognise ha strongly advocated the cause of in 1871 where he remained for him. He enquired where the pati- medical education. Owing to lact several years. He worked in a Mission Hospital there and in theseent had been and he said he had of fands he had to abandon th

old formation of a proposed medical early days of his career on finds been under the care of an evidence of his initiative and great Chinese Doctor who gave him some school. Things remained dormant ambition to extend facilities for black powders to take. The pati- until Manson throw. his energy int

the scheme. medical education. Manson was ent brought some along and on ex- honest and outspoken, qualities not amination the powders were found appreciated by some of, the Com- to be the dried liver of the carrionS munity in Amoy and as a result he soon came up against a type of individual who made trouble that threatened to wreek his scheme of medical education.

cat. Soon after graduating he left England and came to Formosa where he was Medical Officer to the Chinese Imperial Customs Service then under Sir Robert Hart who recruited most of his medical off cers from Scotland.

On his way out to the Far East Manson visit ed Madagascar and there first came disease. In Hospital there he saw in contact with indigenous tropical cases suffering from cardiac disease. one day and was astonished to ed these same cases up and about the art day-they were, we now know, cas.of Beri Beri

Mission Hospital at Amoy.' !!.

Manson left Formosa after a stay

In face of all difficulties in Amoy Manson's pupils did succeed and settle down in different parts of the country in spite of the grievances of Manson's enemies as Manson had intended his pupils spread what had been taught them.

We know that Manson's benign sympathy in his work must have resulted in very great spiritual in fluence. He possessed in the fullest degree one of the great qualities necessary for the successful doctor, namely a love of humanity.

I would ask you to picture the young scientists struggling onwards in Amoy-cut off from all incen- tives that incline the ordinary man

were no libraries for reference, no museums, no scientific meetings and no association with eminent collen gues. In these days you can well realise Manson's difficult position, certainly discuraging to any ordin ary mortal.

He had none of the enormous facilities of present times He was isolated and thrown upon his own resources. Can you doubt that he possessed a high degree of mental calibre to have overcome all obstacles so thoroughly

to pursue original work: Thare

Cause of Elephantiasis.

Medical Education.

crow. After a long lapse of years His first notable, achievement in once again the rediscovery of a re- the Colony then was the founding medy and in liver was found a of a new Medical Society of which cure for this. disesse..

be became the first President. He commenced Medical teaching at the Alice Memorial Hospital. Чету soon be so inspired the community The result of Manson reading of both official and unofficial that Lewis discovery of the Filaria from his small preliminary endea Sauguinis Hominis was: that he yours a very much more far reach- worked night and day until he ing scheme gradually developed. He proved that the Filaria was the was the prime mover in the founda cause of elephantiasis. In his re- tion of the Hong Kong Medical search Manson had the help of two College the precursor of the pre- Chinese assistants and be noticed sent medical school and of the ex- that the one who worked in the inting University. In those days hospital wards late at night brought the Hong Kong Medical College him blood films which contained the had as Patron the Viceroy Li Hung microscopie filaria..

Chang who had the greatest ad miration for Manson and his Manson, ever of an enquiring turn achievements. The great man of of mind, conceived the idea that China gave his influential support this might be due to the entry of and wrote There is no doubt that the filaria into, the blood stream when your admirable project is at night time only. This line of achieved it will be appreciated and

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First Graduation.

shown that the filaria did appear your students, be in the blood at night time only but, China.” disappeared completely during hours of daylight. Manaon now ar gued that some agent must be nece the Hong Kong College of Medi- The first graduation ceremony of sary for the transference of the sine was held on July 1893 and filaria embryos in the blood from then it was stated that owing to one human being to another, It must be a winged agent something A Hung Chung "within the sacred the benevolent attitude of Viceroy that fed on human blood and that precincts of the Emperor's palace at night time only. What other European Medicine is welcomed and could it be than a mosquito and appreciated in the person of one as you know such proved to be the of the graduates of the College, of

Medicine in Tientsin

In and around Amoy his femei soon spread. In face of great dif. Manson introduced a special ficulties he performed the successful trocar for dealing with abscess of operation, for removal of a stone the liver and Manson's trocar is from the prinary bladder and his still used in some places where no fame became more widespread as skilled assistance is available. his successful operations for reliev ing the condition of elephantiasis bore witness to his skill.

Chinese Patients.

This first graduation was an out- standing event because one of the two graduaten was Dr. Sun Yat Ben who had passed his examina tions with distinction. According to Manson and Dr. James Cantlie.

To show that Manson was ingeni (afterwards Sir James Cantlie) Dr. ous look at how he endeavoured to Sun Yat Sen was an excellent sur culture the minute rod like bodiesgoon and practised for a short time he saw in the lymph from leprotic in Macao. Dr. Cantlia used to go. nodules. He filled capillary tubes there to assist his former pupil in Manson statel that his Chinese with the lymph, inserted them into difficult operations, Cantlis writes patients were very grateful but he a hen's egg and used the hen as a as follows: Why did I journey relates the story of one who had natural incubator.

to Macao to help this man? For been successfully treated for a large The condition known as Sprue did and died for him because

the reason that others have fought bladder ston This patient had not escape Manson's attention loved him and respected him. He about $3,000 and when it was hinted and study. He attributed this dis has a nature that draws men's re- that he might give a small dotipabling complaint tion to the hospital in recognition effects of the climate and alcohol him at the operating table or on

insidious

gard and makes them ready to serve. of hla cure of a very painful con

1878-1

dition the patient took a week to decide. He then told Manson that of Malatis he had decided to give the vast and ther evidence génèrous tum of 81.

original pose

he study the battlefield -án unexplainable Wave fur influence, a magnetism which pre- vaileth and finds its expression in (Continued on Pago J.)

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