1933-01-20 — Page 11

HONG KONG DAILY PRESS, FRIDAY, JANUARY 20, 1933;

"

good

News

OVERCOATS

AND

SUITINGS

Many Overcoats, Overcoatings and Suitings have been set on one side and marked at

- $75.00 for the suit. Overcoats at 33}%

discount off regular prices.

you should

This is an opportunity not miss. There are cloths suitable for

Day Wear. Plus-four suitings for two, three or four piece garments.

Overcoats

in Brown, Grey and Blue also many Fancy Mixtures and Herringbones.

In the OUTFITTING_DEPARTMENT there are many shirts for Day, Evening and Sports Wear at $3.95 which are worth double.

HALF PRICE

33%

Discount off Regular Prices.

Gloves, Scarves, Caps, Hats, Pocket Wallets, Trouser Presses, Toilet Cases, Ready-to-wear Suits, etc.

20% Discount off Regular Stock

Sweaters, Pullovers, Slipovers Cardigans, Waistcoats, Overcoats, Dressing Gowns, Travel- ling Rugs, etc.

SOCKS, GOLF HOSE, TIES, UNDERWEAR

have been especially reduced.

Inspection Invited

Wm. POWELL, Ltd.

The Gentlemen's House

Queen's Road Central-Ice House Street Corner.

Engineering Metallurgy

INTERESTING PAPER BY MR. S. SIMPSON AT ENGINEERS” · INSTITUTION

INTERESTING POINTS ABOUT. BEARING METAL

At yesterday's meeting of The Institution of Engineers and Ship builders of Hong Kong an interest ing paper on "Engineering Metal lurgy" was read by Mr. S. Simp son, of Taikoo.

Mr. Simpson said:- Engineering and Metallurgy are essentially interdependent, the tune tion of the metallurgist being to guide the engineer in the choice of suitable materials, to control the quality of and to manufacture

them.

Unfortunately, too many engine ers imagine all scientific people to be academicians, who care not for the commercial side of affairs, whilst too many metallurgists imagine en gineers to bo people who know, not what they seek.

I as a metallurgist, have learned; much from engineers, so in part repayment I welcome the oppor- tunity to show the exact why's and wherefore's which govern the sole tion and treatment of engineering materials.

To go fully into the subject would take hours and would, of necessity, involve many abstruse technicalities. This paper is therefore put for ward, not as a textbook on metal lurgy, but as an attempt to show the linking up of metallurgy and engineering.

Cast Iron,

Perhaps the most commonly used material is cast iron. For example, a Sulzer type Diesel engine of 250 tons total weight has 78 per cent. of cast iron.

An engineer's description of suit able material for the more import ant castings in a Diesel engine was stated to be a material with the refractory properties of a high- class firebrick and with the strength of high tensile steel." This should. give metallurgists ample scope for research.

speed of 30,000

ing bearings. This custom is sup posed to close up cavities and im prove the adhesion between the shell and the liner although the opposite effect seems more probable. F

There is a very wide range of bearing metals, both tin and lead base, the selection from which must be judged by the conditions of the individual case-there is no "best alloy-no particular brand can be boosted as a cure for all evil. The general requirements for a white metal are:-

LUNG-WEAKENING COLDS

BRONCHITIS AND PNEUMONIA KEPT AT BAY BY PEPS

A succes-

At this time of the year even the strongest people are liable to catch sudden colds and chills which sottle (i). It should adhere well to the on the lungs and develop into

shell (poor adhesion gives leurisy or preuiionin. rise to a film of oil of low sion of such colds on the lungs thermal conductivity be open the way for the germs of tuberculosis, whilst banditis nad tween the shell and the lining, thus tending towards asthma often result by treating,

ordinary colda too lightly a hot bearing). (ii) It should have high compres

(iv)

sivu strength at working

temperatures.

(iii) It should have good wearing

qualities. It should have a low corff cient of friction, and (v) Buficient plasticity to allow

Never negleet a cold of any sort! Protect and strengthen your chêst and limgs by taking Pepe, Make a

gular habit of dissolving one or two of these wonderful breatheable) tablets in your mouth, whenever your feel the slightest chill, if your throat is sore or when sneezing warns of a threatened attack.

adjusting itself to any local pres sure. The most desirable character of the plastic matrix differy accord ing to the load on the boarings and the working conditions. For ex ample, a bearing metal may be of hard material, as in the case of a small turbine having a lapped steel spindle and a lapped cast steel bush, and running at r.p.m. without seizing. Here there was no need of any bedding on the part of the-bearing and plasticity is therefore unnecessary. In the

for inequalities in align

The powerful healing and gCT- cheaper type of latha a cast iron

micidal medicaments contained in hush is frequently used against a

Whilst it is impossible to recon Peps quickly destroy the germs steel spindle, the bush wearing hard with use; whilst in presision lathes,mend the proper nouring conditions of colds,, infienza, and throats fof all white metals, the following troubles, and prevent inflammation. cast steal bushes are employed.

of the breathing tubes, Peps suggestions may be of use:--

1. When melting white metals soothe all soreness and irritation, add a piece of tallow when cure the tickling cough, and daar molten; this "floats" any the bronchiala of obstructiver dross suspended in the metal. phlegm,

In the case of engine crankshaft, bearings, however, where one may have inequalities of adjustment, the bearing metal must be both hard and plastic.

Were it not so the shaft night be resting on only a faw points and at these points one would get scoring and excesive. heating.

For bearings which have to work under heavy loads, bronzes con- taining 10 to 15 per cent, of tin, or 7 to 15 per cent. of lead, or phosphor bronzes are most frequent- ly used. For bearings working un- dor lighter loads white metals are used. Typical of these are the: Babbitt Metale (copper, tin, anti- mony). Such an alloy used by the Navy contains from 2 to 7 per cent. copper, 5 to 9 per cent. antimony and the remainder tin.

Many bearing metals are. of a load base; they must contain, how over, more than 12 per cent. of antimony. The addition of tin fur. ther increases the hardness, as for example, Magnolia Metal (lead 80, antimony 14, tin 8). !

ment.

2. Have the liner surface clean Peps are acknowledged by medi

eal men throughout the world

and the liner at a tempera ture of about 100°C. (the old-

to be the ideal remedy and safe fashioned spitting test" will guard against coughs, colda, chills,

ascertain this).

3. Approximate pouring

peratures are--

sore throat, laryngitis, bronchitis, tem-nsthma, catarrh, and other chest

and Jung ailments of young nak

Load base alloys 800/650°1': | old. Get a bottle of Pops today!

Tin copper antimony

alloys ........................ 700°F.

Tin copper sotimony -

Agents-Messrs. Gilman & Chip Ltd., Des Voeux Road, Hong Kong.

H.K. FOOTBALL COUNCIL

MR. HOLLANDS · RESIGNS FROM SECRETARYSHIP

lead alloys..... 800/900°F. 4. Do not hammer the bearing. It may be stated that there are now some few thousands of metala and alloy available to industry, on each of which a paper could be given there are, also, countless types of machines and engines, the individual requirement of the metals for which ara separate, and distinct. In a paper of this nature one must therefore only give the fundament- al requirements of the metals dis-

At the monthly meeting of the cussed and leave any particularised Malting of White Metals.

case to be dealt with in discussion. Hong Kong Football Council y

terday, it was announced by the We would here voice the opinionhairman, Mr. C. M. Manners, We may here consider the melt-

The white that every engineer or worker in that Mr. W. H. Hollands, the ve Cast iron is a very complex, ing of white metals. brittle, non-ductile material on metals are extremely sensitive to metals should receive some training cretary has taidered his reign taining free and combined carbon, overheating, and the casting tem- in metallurgy. It would be of tion. The reason given by Mr. silicon, phosphorus, manganese and porature and rate of cooling have great advantage to them to have Hollands was that his efforts did sulphur, all of which exert influen- an important effect on the struc- some knowledge of the properties not seem to have been, appreciated of the materials with which they in some quarters, and in order to ces directly and indirectly on the turn of the metal.

work. No engineering works of any harmonise the feelings of tus Cour iron itself. The softness of cast iron is governed by the amount of that it is very unwise for a person consequence should be without fact cil, he had to take the necessary free carbon or graphite it contains unskilled in the art of alloying to lities for studying the structure of secret di a high duty melt up and cast white metal scrap, their raw materiale and finished iron lies, therefore, in having the of the origin and qualities of which products It is impossible to judge flakes of graphite present in fine, be is incognisant. A skilled per- the quality of any metal from an- amall, curly flakes which do not son, knowing the analysis of the alysis alone; it is the structure present any continuity along, which scrap, can produce a thoroughly re which desides its suitability for a crack may spread. This is obliable bearing metal, and the pro- any given purpose and this can only tained by either controlling the cool per use of scrap is not. to be depre- be determined micrographically. ing rate of the iron or the analysis cated. It is perhaps to be recom- In conclusion, the author woula of it. Whilst the iron is molten mended that unskilled persons. (in the carbon (of which there may be terms of metallurgy) only use reli- 2.5 per cent. to 4 per cent) remains able proprietory brands of white in solution; the slower the iron hearing metals and carefully follow cools the more graphite is precipi- the suppliers' instructions. tated. This explains why thick sections of castings are more open than the thinner ones, why chill castings are harder than green sand ones and green sand ones than dry castings.

The

I cannot go deeply into the ques- tion of analysis, but it will suffice to say that silicon assists in the precipitation of the graphite, and from this, the strength of the iron may be controlled. It will be found in practice that cylinder quality iron ranges from 3.0 to 1. per cent of silicon, with 3.5 pot. cent, to 3.0 per cent. of carbon, Phosphorus exerts a weakening in- fluence on the iron, its iron com- pound iron phosphide, being brittle and easily fusible. Hence all cast- inga subject to beat or stress must be low in phosphorus. No good quality iron should contain more than 4 per cent. of phosphorus, Phosphorus is easily detected under the microscope, being present in a definite network. Sulphur, while. axerting a hardening influence on cast iron, may cause blow holen. This, however, is counteracted by the presence of manganese, which, combining with the sulphar; forms a harmless slag. Huge

Reverting to the carbon, the com bined carbon can be present in many. forms, the chief of which is pear- lite. This is very strong and tough, with good heat-resisting and wear ing properties. Most of the modern high duty irons aim at this struc ture; amongst these irons i Lanz Perlit Iron, some speciments of which we have here, showing its ma chinability and malleability

With this we must leave Cast ton,

I do not propose at this juncture to discuss Steels but

but may later re

vert to them.

Bearing Metsin,

The subject of bearing metals is one of great importance in engine- ering; for, since any moving part of a machine requires a bearing upon which it may revolve or slide. the composition and behaviour of the metals used for such boarings afe naturally of the first import ance to the engineer

The title Bearing Metals! em- braces a large number of alloys, the most common of which are "alloys of lead unanimo The essential prop metal is that

Mård partie

the

softer matrix

We may here express our opinion

#tep.

Mr. G.-T. May, a member of the council, was then proposed by be Chairman for the position, and was seconded by Captain Cooper:

As a result of this appointment, however, a vacancy was loft in the Council, and Mr. Bans then eng- like to express his thanks to Messrs gosted that Mr Hollande, with his Schmidt and Co., Hong Kong, for experience, should be appointed to the lean of the spidisscope, and to take the place. The Chairman, the Taikoo Dockyard and Engineer- however, suggested that the Coun ing Co. of Hong Kong Ltd, for vil should ask the Horu Kong Foht Before leaving white metals a permission to give, and for the faci-ball Club to nominate one or two word may be spoken with regard lities given, towards producing, this of its members for the position, bes

fore taking that step. to the malpractice of hammer dress- paper.

The GLOUCESTER

We are

Celebrating the

NEW YEAR

OF

OLD CATHAY

in

Carnival Style

ON

Wednesday 25th January

BOOK EARLY TELEPHONE: 28409 28128.