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LOCAL STORM WARNINGS
Talographic Information. The point upon which I wish to enlarge somewhat is the dissemina. tion of weather information when a INTERESTING LECTURE BY storm is indicated as threatening
MR. JEFFRIES
Mr. Jeffries gave an interesting lectures from the local broadcasting studio last night. He said in
part.
to follow its caurss more closely, The first sentino! is Fratas Island, And if the storm passes sufficiently near, its future course and probable arrival in the waters of the Colony can be mora or less accurately forecast. Pratas is about 180 miles. ESE of the Colony, and as many typhoons travel WNW, the weather experienced at Pratas Island will probably occur some 12 to 18 hours later in Hong Kong. The next sentinel is Gap Rock lighthouse communication which establishes
with the typhoon as Pratas relin quishes it. The two places mention- ed are the greatest safeguards against calamity that the Colony possesses, and it is practically impossible for any storm to affect the Colony without making its existence folt at Pratas Island Brst.
the Colony. My equipment in the way of teltgrams is the same whe ther, the Colony is threatened, or not, with three notable exceptions which I will refer to later, and in these circumstances weather reports and storm warnings have to be I have recently been in solemn formulated in such a manner as to conclave with thn Postmaster
state the probabilities between the General, who as you are all proh-
times when sufficient information in ally aware, is the Chairman of the available to loonte the storm centre local Broadcasting Committee. He with more or less accuracy, I have is extremely anxious to do all in endeavoured therefore since taking his power to increase the enjoyment contral of this office to indicate in that should be experienced by all the Daily Weather Report in the those to whom he isues licenres most simple language, the position for receiving sots, and the purpose and probable motion of our recent discussion was to find centres, and in the local forecast The splendid service which the a means of making the Weather the probable sequence of weather. station has performed since its Reports issued by my Department The position and direction of mostitation has been invaluable to more intelligible to the increasing tion of atorm centres is also ex. this Department, and the grateful number of listeners-in.
hibited by means of signals on
thanks of the Colony are due to the The present system of weather Signal Hill and the Godown Com Government of China for their reports and storm warnings is prob-pany's premises. The storm centre ontinued assistance,
Glan Rock ably open to criticism-it is said is given in Latitude and Longitudo lighthouse was at one time our mont that nothing perfect exists in this and I am afraid that the symbols advanced outpost, and time and world, and perfection is certainly convey but little to the man in the again has the Royal Observatory not claimed for it. The Israelites street without a reference map, but been indebted to the stafla at both | while in captivity in Egypt were at
Gap Rock and Waglan for their whole hearted co-operation during. the strenuous time of a typhoon's passage.
one time reduced to the necessity of making bricks without straw. I am not versed in the technicalities of brick-making either ancient or modern, but the conclusion is easily drawn that straw being an essential
of storm
they are terms with which marinera
are especially familiar.
I cannot let this occasion pass without again acknowledging most
gratefully the assistance which is
There is a popular impression that these signals are not worth attention until pignals of the Local Code are hoisted, and in a sense this is correct. The ordinary in dividual is not particularly concorn-afforded by the commandors and offi- cers of the Royal Mercantile Marine. During the past few days I have received as usual invaluable information from several ships, the majority of which were in troubled waters.
To
To remember the welfare of others during periods of difficulty is one of the traditions of the sea, I be
of brick-making, its scarcity or com plote, absence would hamper, theed about the position of a storin, making of bricks very considerably. unless there is some indication that In a similar manner the forecaster the disturbance will affect the of weather is handicapped by a Colony, and hence his personal com scarcity of telegraphic weather ro-
fort and daily advocations. ports, from the territory around him,
moet this demand the local signals in supplying the detailed informa were introduced, containing a pre- tion that the public would like.liminary warning signal, signals de- For instance, if telegraphic reports noting the direction from which a from a sufficient number of stations galo may be expected, a signal de lieve, but I should like my many are received only twice per day, noting the probable incretae of the helpers to know how much their help it is not exactly possibly to supply force of the gale, and finally this appreciated by the Government
weather forecast with any greater typhoon signal accompanied by 3 frequency than twice per day.
explosive bombs, which significa that wind of typhoon force is ex- poetod.
"A Melancholy Fact." An accurato forecast depends upon an accurate weather map; and an accurate weather map depends upon a large number of telegraphic
arca
Reaction to Signals.
The reaction
to
and myself.
Staunch Halpers. Now with the aid of these staunch helpers, I hope to tell you a little more about it, if you are prepared to keep the loudspeaker theso signals in action or the earphone handy. varies to a large extent. Godowns The arrangements which the P.M.G., and Dockyards take precautions the Chief Electrical Engineer and very early. The precautions when myself are considering for next year taken are frequently unnecessary, if will provide for a series of broad- wind of sufficient force does not cast-anDouncements which will be occur to justify the signal, but it is issued at my direction, when I con- unfortunately one of the disabilities sider that the typhoon has up- which large enterprises labour pronched near enough to warrant der, that considerable time must them. When this occurs, special be wasted while the lighters and reports will be made usually at 2 small craft so characteristic of this hour intervals and at the even hours, my 10 tam., boon, and 2 p.m. and the Chief Electrical En-
weather Toporta. It is a melan. choly fact that the very consider able progress of this Colony has not included any very 'considerable in- crease in these telegraphic reports, and the reason is not far to seek. Hong Kong is a microscopic place compared with the huge popularly known as the Far East, and the existence of any weather service whatever is depondent upon the courtesy of neighbouring adharbour remain in shelter, and cargo ministrations. This courtesy is now work in at a standstill. of very long standing and there is no reason to expect a cessation. The associated cable companies merit the gratitude of this com-
munity also, as the essential tele grams have been forwarded by them for many years free of charge. It will this readily be seen that the
circumstances do not lend them-
selves to any appreciable expansion
The shipowner or agent on the contrary would probably prefer to see ships dealing with cargo up to the last possible moment, but the
acer has promised the use of the transmitting sat at any time of the day or night, for this purpose.
To summarise the arrangements.
case of a well found ship, with Onlinary storm warnings giving the stcare fully up, is entirely different position and direction of motion of from that of the small craft. There a disturbance will be forwarded to would appear to be no alterative the Radia Department and broad- cast on 500 metres telegraphy and
therefore to a set of rules which ru
quire certain things to be done when certain signals are hoisted. of the service, and the improve- ments of lato years have been chief-If the hoisting of signals proves to
the telegrams..
55 metres telephony immediately. They will be repeated, at the two subsequent hours. Special reporte
ly in the direction of acceleration of be unjustified, there is a loss of will be issued at my discretion by time undoubtedly, but that loss is nothing compared to the loss caused by typhoon, if the local signals were to be ignored.
It is noócssary to enter into this somewhat. lengthy and apologetic statement in order to bring stern facts before you. My department is strongly suspected of being in
possession of far more information concerning the weather than it ac-
tually publishes. If this were really and I am happy to assure you that it is not the case and never has
30, such action would be criminal,
a
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GUARD YOUR THROAT AGAINST WINTER ILLS
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EVANS'
ANTISEPTICˇTHRGÄŤ...
Pastilles
Made to a formula of the Liverpool Throat Hospital.
ZBW on 355 metres usually at two carried away, or something of backs from North through West to hourly interinia as any time of the that sort. Suppose father that South. In the former case rainfall day or night..
I sincerely hope that you will you had invested in a barograph, is plentiful, in the latter, tho which is considerably cheaper than rainfall, although plentiful, is Tropical storms have certain gon deem these arrangements satisfac the average radio sot. In these sometimes not experienced until oral characteristics, but individual tory, and that it will be a long circumstances, your position, and the typhoon has gone ashore. In storms differ widely. If it were time before I have to put them in
my own would be identical. I both cases the changes in wind possible to publish a timetable of operation. In the meantime, it should draw my concisions from direction are quicker, the nearer protecting life and property would listeners who are interested in no reason why you should not do to the Colony, and in the rare their movements, arrangements for would appear advisable for all those the following principles and I see the centre of the phoon panser be greatly simplified, but as this storm warnings, to supply them. so as well. is not possible, the present arrange selve with maps of the Far East ments should be accepted as the to which they can readily refet. The observations from which best available, and if time is Thurs are several maps published
occasionally lost when gales do not locally, for this specific purpose, forecasta are deduced are made, st
eventuate, the delay should be writ- Having brought you, thus far on soma 30 stations in the Far East ht. 0. a.m. and 2 p.m. daily. Un-ten off as an insurance against the road, you will perhaps be sur. fortunately the time taken in trans- mission makes it impossible to
been.
issue
the inference and forecast bofere 10 m, and 8 p.m., respectively
These are communicated to the
Press and the Telegraphic Depart
calamity.
So much for shipping and large public enterprises. My bearers will probably feel that the ordinary
citizen would like to know a litṭlo
more, especially as he now possesses a radio set, and sees no reason why
prised if I say that all these rangements are quite unneccs stry, if you, my listeners, are willing to incur moderato sx pense and sequaint yourselves with a few first principles.
I will put the case to you thus: ment-with-all-speed, and also ex-
the Government should not keep Suppose that the Royal Obser hibited on various notice boards in Colony. There is, no need for me him well informed, I hope that I to go into detail be to the success have made it plain that generally Yatory was cut off from the rest
cases when the typhoon pasBEK directly over the Colony, no Typhoon's First Effect.
gradual change of wind direction The first effect of a typhoon is disoned, the wind cessing. upon Hong Kong is usually a spell abruptly as the central calm ap- of bright and hot weather. As the
proaches, recommencing, suddenly typhoon approaches the clear sky from the opposite direction as the
comes clouded, and a first rough central calm passes,
the typhoon approximation of
The progress of the typhoon may track may be gathered from the be estimated by observing the fall nature of the clouds. If the of the barometer, gradial Tall track is to the south of Hong and recovery signify that the Kong, the clouds are detached and centre is at a considerable dis move from Nor NE while the tance, whilst a sharp decline-and- visible blue sky is clear. If the recovery; indicate a comparative, storm heading north of Hong Hearness. In the majority of cases. Kong, the ky is inces completely the highest wind velocity will be covered, the clouds move from experioused-ne-the, barometer be fined owing to hare. The tempera will he noticed during the morn or N.W. and are less sharply de- gins to ride, and sharp fluctuations turo is higher than in the farmer severe squalis
Now these principles are not very During the passage of a typhoon hard to remember, Teat them the "souitia""" of "the Colony, the wind next tué a typhoon passer close eers from North through East to to us, you will probably and it in- South during a passage to the teresting.Thank you for you North of the Colony the wind attention, gapd n
or otherwise of these forecasts the speaking, I am in a position to give of the world and that wo, tale many critics to whom I now speak definite xows twice a day only, phonic, telegraphic or other com.cose, have no doubt, formed their
The Flint Bentinst
mènication was possib Suppola pojnigne nad this short address ja do anade with any intention of landing them or apologising for
them.
ole trs G
When however, a typhoon makes also that you were in the same itself felt at the sentry stations of porition in your bonses, with the the Colony, it is usually possibic radio set out of ordar, the merial
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