1932-04-20 — Page 6

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HONG KONG DALY PRESS, WEDNESDAY, APRIL 20,¦

CHEMISTRY AND THE COMMUNIT

INTERESTING ADDRESS BY MR. ER. DOVEY AT THE ROTARY CLUB.

ITS SERVICE IN TIMES OF PEACE AND WAR,

An interesting address entitled "Chemistry and the Communi ty" was delivered by Mr. ER Davey, Government. Annlyst, at the weekly luncheon of the Rotary Club yesterday.

The speaker traced the connen ting between chemistry and medi- cine, chemistry and industry and the functions of chemistry in time of war. The address was both intereating and instructive.

Sir William Fornell présided at the meeting and there was a good attendance of members.

It was announced that the election of the officers to serve for the next year would he held on May 3, when the Chib will hold a closed meeting..

CHEMISTRY AND INDUSTRY,

1932.

ly a very small amount of material y available suitable analytical, mobhods have been worked out. For, axample, the determination of the sugar in blood is highly im portant in

many cases.. The amount usually present is approxi- mately one per cent. Using mo dern methode it is possible to make a fairly accurate determination of the sugar in angle drop or blood The development at alitan necurate chemical methods for the determination of the non-protein. nitrogen, the creatinine and the uria, acid in the blood. has led to far better understanding, of yèniał disease.

New Drugs.

Chemistry is constantly provid ing new drugs for the medical practioner. Instead of the old plant extracts Rotarian Dovey said: To that from chabien! works, paper mills strength, the pure alkaloid or other of uncertain oft-referred-to person, the man in and other industrial concerns, espe- active principle is now available the street, the term chemist means cially when anch waste is crischarg

for him substance of known little more than the keeper of a fed into givers, streams and sar-trength and chemical purity and ding-store-the man who can, more boura, A. how proulem has "ardsen of known physiologien activity or less successfully, interpret the within recent years, namely, the He may now know exactly what he mystic hieroglyphics emanating pollution of harbour water with oil is giving his patient. The largi from the family physician, and from oil-burning ships

chemical firms are pouring out such who ourries out his daily pre-accu-- Chemistry has also played o a stream of new synthetic drugs on pations behind a shop window in great part in reducing industrial to the market that as the preapt which largo glass vessels Alled with risks: The Davy lamp invented by time the supply certainly exceeda coloured water are displayed.. Bir Humphrey Davy has saved the demand. Still, they are all The squidor of drugs, though ren-thousands of lives and its modern useful additions to the available dering excellent service to the com-counterpart, the Clowes-Redwood equipment for the fight against munity, is about as accurate 'a re apparatus, which is used for tedt disease, presentative of the chemical pro-ing mine atmosphere and empty fession as a bank cork would bopatraloup tanks for the presence of of the world of finance.

explosive and suffocating gases,

다

Turning from matters. "of health to matters of business, we And that the connection between chemistry and industry is older than that be jett of chemistry and the communient of the safety match has made tween chemistry and medicine ty in the time available after a the matchmaking industry?a com- From the earliest times," chomien Rotary tin is like trying to give Paratively healthy one and the in-discovery has led to industrial

To attempt to deal with the sub-has done the same. The develop

a tra-minute walk on the British troduction of cellulose paints has development, Chemiats, as a scien Empire can do no more than eliminated: most of the danger tine group, ean clain that although touch briefly on some of the lines which formerly existed where lead they have been intensely interested along which the chemist of to-day pigments were applied with Fin the theoretical side of their a. trying to serve the community.

spray.

work they have, kept close to hard Take the health of the communi- Coming from the question of material facts! While ancient phi ty for dxample, a subject in which health, in general to medicine insophers argued as to the nature chemists take a great interest; particular, we find chemistry play of the universe and of matter, the seventy years ago there were no ing an important part. Ever since chemists were bending over their public analysts and official the time when the Moors were in amoky fires and watching their ri examination of food and drugs. Spain, the connection between cheforts. The philosophers called Adulteration was everywhere rife mistry and medicine" has been a them, Scoty, empirice," but they and was of the most blatant and close ane. One of the greatest con- got results. They did not despise dastardly description. For exam-tributions ever made to medicine the philosophical chair but they ple, it was common to find food was made by a chemist with no replaced it in the laboratory, and confectionery coloured with gular medical qualification, namely During the search for the philo-. the pigments sold for painting the discovery by Pasteur of the sophers stone which was to convert houses! You may have heard of germ origin of disease. As a result base metal into gold, and the the loaf sugar manufacturer who of Pastour's work on the optically Elixir of Life which was to pro- had so increased the moisture-con-active tartaric acids, he was urged long life indefinitely, careful tent of lifa, product that he busted "study the chemistry of fernen-painstaking work was done, result that he had made water stand up tation, a process which loomed sing in a wanith of chemical dis right.(Laughter.)

largely in the industry of His na-coveries. Nearly all the present- tive country. From the sidey of day products of the heavy chemical ferments and the yeast he went on industry, such as sulphuric acid; In 1855, the results of some to that of bacteria, and the dismitric acid, hydrochloric acid, analyses of food materials were

covery of their pathogenie "effects sodium carbonate, and caustic soda published, and they make interest- was the result. Pastour results were discovered during that period ing reading. Out of 213 amples aroused the interest of Lister, and and turned to serious industrial of coffee, 184 were found to be adulthe development firet of antiseptie use, forated; 42 "samples of mustard and later of aseptic surgery es

Food Analysis

were al adulterated; 24 sampica

of brend were all adulterated; out

sulted

4,

German Chemista,

of 28 samples of cayenne pepper, Through the growth of organic

examined.a

Chemistry and Industry,

For centuries, the chief contri- bution of chemistry to industry was in the discovery of new substances, but with the use of accurate quan- titative methods and advanced theory during the 19th century,

but the results were immediately seen. Wasteful methods were in proper proportions, raw materi eliminated, ingredients were mixed examined for harmful impurities, temperatures and pres

trolled, the material used for Burgs Tora Theasured and con- constructing the plant was over- nation, waste by products were hauled to aroid metallic contami- converted into useful substances and purer Anal products obtained. (Continued on Pagje 7);

28 were idulterated, 13 of them chemistry during the latter part of with red lead and one with sul the 19th century, chemists wore en-chemistry began to take a hand in phide of mercury. A milar stato fable to contribute more and more the control of industry. Manufae of things was found to exist wish to an accurate knowledge oplyfacturing processes went wrong turers wanted to know why manu- almost avery other article of foodeiological processes,, which in their Rule-of-thumb methods might give nature To essentially themical reasonably good results nine times In 1860 the first Food and Drugs obes The work of the great Gor out of ten, but with growing com -Act was passed in England and the man chemist Emil Fischer on the too great to be permitted. This petition, & ten percent. loss was first public analysts were appoint moleenfar structure of the sugars demand involved the working out ed. Since that date all articles of paved the way for the beginning processes used and this was, in of the complete chemistry of the food and drugs have been under to be made into the proper under-many cases, a long weary business, constant scrutiny, with the resultstanding of carbo-hydrate metabol that the percentage of articles iam in the body, adulterated has fallen froin 99 per The work of another German cont, to about 10 per cent, or even chemiet, Erich, and his ups lows, and the adulteration nowplication of the dye eosin to the found is usually more in the nature staining of tissue led to the devo of fraud than danger to health."lopment of the triacid stain which The community's water supply is has been a boon to histologists another matter in which the chemis sining methods: laid the ist takes a deep interest in conjune- foundation of haematology and tion with the bacteriologist. The thus enabled the detection of blood bacteriologist's business is to, sce that the water is free from pathe parasites, like that of malaria, to genic organisms, while the lyst's business it is to see that what monumental work, was his pains- nnabe, made possible. Erlich's most is supplied is water, and not steri- taking investigation into the Jised mud or a slalised sewn synthesis of all organic arseni He must see that it is clear, bright cal compounds, which resulted in and as fred as possible from colour the discovery of salvorean and and odour. If must be soft enough reosalvarsan, the most successfut | for household purpoms and for use drugs for the treatment of syphilis in steam boilers. It must contain and yawa. no metallic contamination such as traces of lead or sine. It must be new branch of chemistry, Bioches,

During the past twenty year neither too acid nor too alkaline, miatry, has developed Workers in "or it will attack the water mains, biochemistry are applying to phys These requirements can only be ob-mological processes, the methods tained by a rigid chemical control and data obtained in inorganis Forganic, physical and colloid che mistry. Its greatest contribution Not "quly must drinking supplies imatical chemical theory to bodily lies in its application of mathe come under such control but also processes. To deal with biological sowege eluents, the water Javestigations where very frequent

Harbour Pollution,

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14

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