1932-03-12 — Page 12

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Copyright

L. 3. AXIS

Tartu

KORR

alembers of the GMA

HONG KONG DAILY PRESS, SATURDAY, MARCH 12, 1932.

ENGINEERING AND

Petroleum Resources of Asia

THE TWO OIL-YIELDING PROVINCES OF CHINA.

LAST YEAR'S OUTPUT BY PERSIA---

SIX MILLION TONS.

CHINA.

The Silbearing struta

are

t

Borneo crude oil frum Koetëi has

In, Chipa, are two well-recognized Tertiary age, and generally ass oil-yielding provinces, Shenai and ciated with cont and lignite, A Szerhuen, the most importans disi trict being in east-central Szechnen, west" of Tze-bu-ching, about 100 heen found to contain an excep. miles west of Chungking and south tionally high proportion of aroma (of Chinti. About 18 miles south the hydrotarbons, and is, therefore,

BUILDING

PERSIA.

COLD STORAGE PLANT.

THE LATEST BRITISH DESIGNS.

DEVELOPMENT OF SMALL

SELF.CONTAINED TYPE,

only a few hours ag taking tha oirculating" water fat, do F. That amount of the tter is 25 gallons. per hour and the small ammonia compressor, with si′ by 3′′ cylinder," ∙sung at 250 revolutions per minute driven by the 1.0 BH.P. motori *The oil delds of Popsin, ranking

Larger, gizon me, of course, availa among the largest in the world,

able and there is ample storage of extend in a south-easterly directiqu

"gold" in the form of brine in along the western and gobern

a tank Stted in the Cold Cham bor. Also this ia supplemented by a sides of the Persian plateau al-

direct expansion cooling grid joining Mesopotamia, the Persian Of great importance for tropical ruagement: known as the day air: Gulf and Gulf of Oman, Revoss the countries, "is the notable advango grid fitted over the brine tank on Turce-Persian frontier between the that has taken place during the on the inside wall of the cooling chamber. In addition, air in cir Diyaleh (or Sirvan) River and past few years in the field of the culated by a small fan over the apter.the "Parsión province of Ker-small self-contained cold storage brine tank and direct expansion manshah. Thence they rup south plant of the compression type, coils, pooled rapidly, and passed to east through the provinces of Luri. generally using either amonia or every part of the chamber so that carbon dioxide as the refrigeratis quickly removed. After a fow the bent of the incoming material. atan, Arabiston, and the Bakhtiari Any convenient method with as

hours the machine is stopped, and, country forming the northern" area, electric motor of steam, gas, o already indicated, the accumu and the Behheham Fars and Laristan driving the compressor, and with tare at the desired Agure such

petrol engine may be adopted for later "cold" keeps the temperak plant of this character food and 359F, for the remainder of the day.. some drink can be kept in a wholesome and night although, of course, the condition at a uniform temperature exact number of hours, actual run- of, ay, 35°F. or other desired ning has to be adjusted according The main stratigraphical divifigure irrespective of the mos to the atmospheric temperaturs. pherio conditions. Considerable These plants can, if necessary, bo. interest attaches in this connection Applied for full automatic tem

storage equipment of the Pulso- tnge na it eliminates dependence on meter Engineering Co., Ltd, of the human element. Ronding. which are claimed to

Milk doeling. operate at fi ante cost of only about 20-25 per cent, of that of ice. any case, of course, the latter' is a Another interesting troublesome proposition, even if meter "aunchina in the self-contain obtainable, because of the disaded direct expansion milk cooling vantages of the ice melting, and equipment which reduces the handling," storage, and crush milk at 90°F. to 40°F. at the rate ing, quite apart from the high cost. of 40 gallons per hour taking 14 B.H.P. with ammonia compressor. This has the refrigerant cironit in aylindrical insead of corrugated A typical amall size ammonia re-form to allow of more effective

special chamber with door and in- position and "the construction is er-

forming the southern aren,

Production Inat year was

6,000,000 tons.

·

sions are as follows:

The Asmari Serier (Cretaceous

of Tze-lin-ching, there is also heavy waluable as a source of high ex- [to Oligocene): Thicknкs, 2.000- to the latest designs of small cald porature control, often "an advan Brepage, and gas is onstantly emit-plosive material, particularly totul, principally massive limestones, pue ted from crevices in the rocks. Tarakan petroleum is a natural eceded by There are about 50 wells in opera-fuel oil, while Sumatra produces tion in this province, the majority an oil vary, rich in petrol, ` of which are in the Tze-liu-ching

&

Home

2 The Fars Baries (Moeene): More than 7,000-M, thick, divided groups: The Lower district. The production of the In the Kotei district of Dutch into threa

Fars, formed of

3,600. province amounts to abou: 30,000, Borneo, the oil occurs mainly in

t of masive gypsum," shales, Miocene sandstones, along audie

days and intercalated beds lines with steeply dipping sides, The production of oil in China and is associated with heavy

of limestone; the Middle Fars, con- has hitherto been entirely incident.

borrels a year.

gisting of 1,000-ft. of clays, shales,

Economical,

"Pulao-

warm

al to the salt industry, in which pressure. The shallow sanda in the intercalated gypsum, limestone and it in used as fuel. The wells have Koetei fields yield heavy oil of sandstone; and the Upper Fars,frigerator of this character has a cleaning and sterilisation when in: forming 2,700-ft, of clays, shales and terion fittings 90" long, 46" wide, eeptionally solid, with framework intercalated sandstones. The Fars and 3.6" high, that is 234 cubic feet of stool channels, whilst being series is overlaid by--

been stated to yield from 13 per [cent' io. 30 per cent of oil, and from 50 per cent to 85 per cent of brine. the average proportion being abond 33 per cent oil and 8 per cent brine. The crude oil so far produe ed burns with a clear flame and is

a good illuminant.

in

The geological formations China, as they have been reported;

follow:-

Tertiary sandstone, yellow. Limestone, grey. Sandstone, red.

Colite, orange-coloured, with troleum at 600-ft.

Limestone, yellowish, with gas 1300.ft.

1

0.975 specifle gravity, with paraffin, The lighter oils from deeper sources are poor in paraffin, and possess a specific gravity varying between 0.880 and 0.800.

3.

capacity, giving a temperature of easily operated by semi-skilled or

The Bakhtiari Series (Plio-35°F day and night, when running native labour. teane), of which the lower group con-

The specific gravity of the Lang-sists of 18,000-ft. or more of clays, kas oil of North Sumatra is given sandstone and conglomerate, and as from 0.771 to 0.857. In South the upper of 2,000-ft, of massive Sumatra, the specific gravity of the conglomerate. oil from Meliamoen is from "0.705, o 0.776 of that from Kampong Minjak 0.792, and of that of the oil from Babat 0.812 to 0.880,

The principal oil field-the ori ginal and famous Maidan-i-Naftun field and its extensions-lies in the district having. Masjid-i-Sulaimau In Java, the chief petroliferous (Solomon's Temple) for 'ita centre, horizon occurs at the junction of some thirty-five miles east of the pe-the Upper and Middle Miocene; the fancient Persian city of Shushtar, wells are quite shallow, varying in the oil being found directly beneath at depth from 300-fi. to 300-M., and the foothills" that give on the high- require pumping. The oil has a range of the Bakhtiari Mountains, Marl, bluish grey. iridescent, specific gravity of from 0.823 to which form the great barrier be white Permian chalk with brine 12, 0.918, and is of asphaltie base, yet tween the desert plains to the south per cent to 18 per cent at 1,000-1,800. yields paraffin wax of high melting and south-west, and the great can- point. Production in 1030 was about tral plateau of Persia. Between the extreme well in the north-west, of 5,700,000 tons,

felú this Masjid-i-Sulaiman nil and the extreme well in the south The bolt of, oil-producing terri cast is a distance of about 17 miles. tory extends along the west side At Abadan diere is a large re

Schists, greenish, strong bring aid | flow of gas at 2,500-3,300-ít,

DUTCH EAST INDIES.

islands.

י

'י

}

JAPAN AND FORMOSA.

The islands of Borneo, Sumatra of North Japan, from the west coast finery for the treatment of the and Java rank among the most of Sakhalin Island on the north, crude oil from this, feld and also important known, sources of petro-along the coast of the Sea of Japan, a modern port at which the tankers loum, and indications of oil in con- through the west side of the centrtake in crude oil for shipment to mercial quantities have also been al mountain range of Hokkaido, the Anglo-Porsion Company's new found in the Celeber and Ceram thence stretching across the provin- refinery at Skewen: Llandarcy, ces of Mutsu, Ugo, Uzen, Echigo South Wales, and., roßfed products The principal producing areas and Shinano, to the Pacific coast for other destinations. art:-(a) In Dutch Bornes, the of Totomi in the south. The prin. Another important oil field has Koele and Tarakan areas on the cipal producing districts are Akira been opened and is in course of rapid development at Náf Khaneh Fenst. const, covering about 300 in the province of Ugo and Niigata in Iraq, some 100 miles north-east of square miles; (b) in Sumatra, Log in the province of Echigo. The pro-Baghdad; and a third important Halt kat in the east, Perlak in Atinducing, sandstones are of Tertiary field is being developed at

Kel, about forty miles south-south- Residency, and Palembang in the age, interstratified with beds of slate east of Masjid-i-Sulaiman. south;" and, (c) in Java, Semarang, or shale, and most of the production

INDIA.. Rembang And Soerabaya previares" is obtained from shallow wells less!

than 700-ft. in depth. in the noth-enst.

COMPLETE ELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS ·.

toith

uli

C. M. A. CABLES.

Advice and Estimates given free on all types of

LIGHTING & POWER INSTALLATION

by an experienced

ELECTRICAL ENGINEER

retained at our Hong Kong Branch

The General Electric Co. (of China), Ltd.

QUEEN'S BUILDINGS,

HONG KONG.

1

Oil has been found to a SiAll extent in the Punjab and Balu Drilling frat took place chistan, but the main petroleum. Echigo in 1890, when

theproducing region of India is in the

east, ie in Burma and Assam. Nippon Oil Company Success- By far the greatest supply of ail fully brought in well in the in India comes from Burma, where Amaze field, and the development the chief oil-bearing area runs north and south, along the basins of the of other districts rapidly followed. Irrawadi and Chindwin rivers. In The first gusher was brought in at the 400 miles along which indica Kurokawa, in the Akits district, intions exist, only isolated spots in A section of the belt about 60 miles 1914, with an initial production of long have, beep found sufficiently, 10,000 barrels a day. Several others profitable for development up to have since been obtained, and in date, the chief fields being Tenang 1016 a new field was "proved alongyingyen district), and Yenang. yaung (Magwo distric), Singu

an anticlino in the Urayama" dis- | yet" (Pakokku district). The trict, parallel with a similar fold Tenangyaung field is the most im- in the Kurakawa field. The out Twingon, Khodaung and Beine. All portant, is there sections being

put has, however, gradually declin these fields are connected by pipe te- ed, that of 1018 being 101,798 tons lines which continue to the

fineries at Rangoon. Other Arenk less than that of 1915.

in which petroleum occurs The production for 1980 was about Chindwin, Shwebo, Minbu, Thayed. myo. Prome, Hearada, and the 328,000 tons.

Arakan region, comprising Ramri In Formosa indications of petro-and other small islands. The work leum, which have been discovered done in these districts has, how ever, bem principally of an explora- in Formosa in about 300 localities, tary nature, though increasing. occur in 20 oil bolts extending for amounts of oil are now being won at least 400 miles along the west from Chindwin and Minbu.

The oil occurs in anticlines and const. The Byoritsu and Tabanti domes of the Pagu series (Miocene') fields in the north have already been and Oligocone), often projecting as proved, and the Nairy and Kosem amal) hill ranges through plains: consisting of Irrawadi sandstone pofieldai Ako district, the (Pliocene) and recent surface de, Senachuiryo field in Tainaneho, posis. In a few places the Num

nulitic series (Eocene) aro petro- and the Hokiyukçi Sold in Kagicho liferous.

дго

Use Green Island Cement

for

Constructural Work of

Every Description.

KOW GREEN ISLAND CEMENT IS MADE

Green Island Cement is manufactured "from bard limestone and clay. It is necessary that these materials should be finely ground in order that they may come into intimate contact with one another in the burning process.

The finely pulverised materials are mixed in a certain definite proportion, roughly one part of clay to three of limestone, and are fed to the Rotary Kilns.

In these kilns they meet the hot gases and flames generated by pulverised coal blown in at the other end of the kilos, and after various chemical actions have taken place, they combine to form Portland Cement Clinker.

The Clinker is ground down with a small percentage of g gypsum to regulate the setting

time, and Green Island Portland Cement is thus produced.

Although sounding so simple, in reality the process is an intricaté combination of mechanical, physical and chemical operations, needing great skill and care. Nothing but constant and accurate supervision will yield the results so well-known with Green Island Cement, namely, strength, uniformity and reliability..

USE GREEN ISLAND CEMENT

Issued by the

GREEN ISLAND CEMENT CO

2ND FLOOR,

EXCHANGE BUILDING.

LTD.

are all being exploited.

(Continued on Page 2.):