1931-12-19 — Page 3

Page

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DAMP Time juggles Damp Hauses

PUDLO

BRAND

CEMENT WATERPROOFER

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TEMPORARY REMEDIES for dampness are never cheap. In a few years, they cost more than a really permanent and entirely satisfactory treatment with Portland Cement.. and. 'PUDLO Brand Waterproofer.

A booklet, in English or Chinese, describing the uses " of 'PUDLO' will be gladly sent on request, by the Sole Agents for HONG KONG and SOUTH CHINA: DODWELL & CO., LTD.

pyright

CANTON.

HONG KONG FOOCHOW.

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Members of the CM.A

SOLE AGENTA..

HONG KONG DAILY PRESS SATURDAY, DECEMBER 19, 1931,

ENGINEERING AND BUILDING

RESERVOIRS:

SOME EXCAVATION. DATA.

QUALITIES OF AN ECONOMI

CAL DESIGN.

In the construction of reservoirs da economical design is one where the amount of necessary excava.

tion, as the waste of the top soil stripping, will balance the

BRICK PAVEMENTS.

THE USE OF ASPHALT AS FILLER.

Increasing use is being made of brick for pavements, and although there are some objections to its use, (it. in recognised, that unsatisfactory results have bean due in the major-

amount of material required to lity of cases to faulty application form the embankment. A leading of the filler. While asphalt is gen- consulting engineer, however, has

STREET LIGHTING

PROGRESS.

SOME TECHNICAL. PROBLEMS.

· ROAD TRAFFIC MUST BE CATERED FOR

Street lighting, which was ori

of the

just pointed out that the borings erally recognised as the best materi-ginally regarded mainly na on aid, may show soil conditions that will al to use for the purpose, other sub-to personal safety, has now mere require considerable wastage in ex stanons have been suggested, but it complex functions. One cavation in order to secure good foundation conditions, cr to secure would seem that with some, there chief of these is the preservation of safety in another senso-e, the proper materials for forming the are practical difficulties in the way.

safe guidance of the continually ombankment. There may, alio, be All joints between hricks used as increasing volume of fast motor wide variations in the various strata met with, and it may be paving should be filled, but the

trafic. Notwithstanding all pre- necessary to temper or mix the width of the joints is not always cautions the number of accidents in excavated materials before dump-uniform, and a material which will our streets ends to increase your ing them into the embankment. All a joint a quarter of an inch by year. Boads are being used by

Degree of slope..

wide may not penetrate into a joint motorists during the night time to

It is obvious that the character that is only about one-sixteenth of a much greater extent than in the

an inch.across.

Forming of A.P.L,E,

of the material to be excavated

|past, and it can hardly be doubted": will govern to a certain degree the Space and Temperature. that tho nature of the artificial slope of the excavation and the Ordhary asphalt, as applied in a lighting has á material, influence embankment, Mr. Chester Smith het stete, is a viscous liquid which, en accidents poccurring under, these has laid it down that the slopes as it becomes chilled by contact with conditions. Yet another recognized should not be greater than the the relatively cold air and the brick function of good street lighting, 18 angle of repose of the material surfaces, rapidly increases in visite drawing power" and assist when saturated, and, as a matter cosity until it becomes almost solid, once to trade. of fact, excavation slopes for in- Obviously, if it is to penetrate terior embankments are generally right through the joint, there must not less than 13 to 1. This slope is not only be sufficient space for it, Notablo events illustrating the about as steep as 'a concrete lining but it must be applied at the high-importance new attached to street slab can be safely and properly est possible temperature.

Thore are two general types of of the Association of Public Light- lighting have been the formation placed upon them without the use of forme, and is approximately the asphalt, oxidised and ateam ring Engineers, a body composed of limit of the angle of repose for Aned. of the same degree of expert supervisors of public light- stiff workable concrete without hardness at normal temperature, ing in most of the chief British onusing slamp eracts.

the latter retain their fluidity for a cities, and the issue of the British Steeper slopes in shale excava longer period after application than Engineering Standard Speciften. tion, or other hard materials have the former. They will, therefore, tion for Street Lighting. been used with a special luing, but find that way into extremely nar inside, earth embankments should row joint spaces more readily than never be less than 13 to 1, and with the oxidised asphalts, and to this certain soils a g to 1 slope is pre-extent would certainly seem to ferables The outside slope of an preferable. embankment should be at least 14 Bò N, and with high erbankments, a stops of about 24 to 1 maybe

neeçagary,

The Materials.

Steam-rained Asphalt.

The fundamental, technical dif culties street lighting arise mainly from the great distances mal be- between posts. These rendor the pro

The objection is that the stoam- ruined asphalt becomes softer in hot weather and is consequently liable to exude. In cold weather The ideal material for the con-it becomes more brittle and is more struction of an embankment is a likely to chip. If the oxidised as mixture of clay and sund, clay and phalt could find its way more rugdi. gravel or clay with decomposedly into the spaces between the bricks igneous rocks well pulverised.it would be the better material to Clays and shales, by themselves ar wil swell when wet and shrink and 1 sufficiently fluid, when they crack when dry. Certain types of come into contact with the joint finely divided silt deposits arences, both kinds will adhere readi particularly subject to variations of to the brick, and thus waterproof climate and are regarded as tren cherous, as it will generally "flow" nt a very low angle of repose,

The more or less sudden changes in soil characteristics in excavation, either in the bottom or aide slopes, require careful consideration in de- sign and construction. Mr. Chester) Smith considers that, where such changes Decir, the excavation should be made from six inches to a foot deeper;, and then be refilled and compacted, with a suitable mixed or homogeneous material,

vision of even illumination a mat- ter of difficulty. Many ingenious directive dovicos, same depending on the use of mirrors, others on prismatic ginas bands, do, have been devised.

At

Lighting experts are well. aware, however, that with wide spacing bu tween lamp-ponts the problem of providing fairly even illumination and yet avoiding glare or dazzle is alimcat insuperable. Efforts to improve the illumination midway between inmps inevitably involve concentration of the light from lanterna at angles slightly balow. the joint. Mr. Provost Hubbard the horizontal, and it is just these the chemical engineer to the Asphalt rays that tend to dazile appronen Institute, who has given considering drivers and pedestrians. ale study to the subject, considers the session of the International maintains its fluidity for a longer Inburgh the lighting of the arterial that, as the steam-reined material limination Congress held in Ed- time, and so is likely to penetrate road from Rome to Ostia was des better. it is preferable. As he cribed by Signor Clerici as a re- points cut, the process of oxidising markable example of close spacing. sphalt is a perfectly controllable | Along this road, 14 miles in length, distillery operation.

no fewer than 3,000 80-watt lighting unite are spaced, so that the diagon- al distance between two successive Starting with any base material units is never more than about and refining it to a given penetra 26ft. The conditions of illumina tion, at normal temperature, thetion are so satisfactory that melting point of the finished pro-head-lights are used by moterists. RAILWAYS' BID TO REGAIN amount of oxidation which is per- duet in raised in proportion to the

TRAFFIC.

"

Anong a number of nopposed applications by the railways which were allowed by the Railway Rates Tribunal was one for reduced rates for wool.

Mr. Cole Descon stated that the wool traffic was at present passing practically entirely by road, The railways regained the cotton traf Se, about eighteen months ago, and they were hoping to regain wool by the introduction of a comprehensive collection of rates which were at a level comparable with the charges of the rond contractors.

COMPLETE ELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS

with

C. M. A. CABLES.

Advice and Estimates given free on all types of

LIGHTING & POWER INSTALLATION

גי

by an experienced

ELECTRICAL ENGINEER

retained at our Hong Kong Branch

The General Electric Co. (of China), Ltd.

QUEEN'S BUILDINGS,

HONG KONG.

The Melting Point.

Central Suspension

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mitted to take place. The same in Other technical problems are in- tre of its viscosity at relatively volved in the selection of positions: high temperatures and of its lack for lamp-posts. Recent experimenta of susceptibility to ordinary rangus with gas highting in South. Londen of atmospheric temperatures. Its have somewhat strengthened the ductility at normal temperatura, on impression in favour of central the other hand, is reduced very suspension of lampe on wires spau- materially in the later stages of ning the roadway. Many good ex oxidation. It follows, therefore, amples of this system, both gas an that asphalts of relatively high electric, are to be seen in the City melting point possess relatively low of London. The recently, installa) ductility.

electric lighting on the "Embank- ment is generally regarded as an. other successful instance of the method,

Uniform Jointa.

When wide joint brick pavements were more commonly laid, such highly paidiaud asphalts were, un- doubtedly the better form of filler.

Central suspension, however, is As the narrower, lugless briek not invariably favoured. For wide came into use, however, it was streets other methods are usually found one difcult to fill the joints necessary. Oxford-street has often satisfactorily with those high melt been quoted as an example of suc- ing pot products. Specifications cessful illumination, in this oneo have been modified, as a result, with from twin lanterns on high centra) the hope that some asphalt would posts. In many main streets, bot's be obtained which would possess dil in London and in provincial cities. the good points of both and the staggered lamps are used with good disadvantages of neither.

effect. Perhaps one of the ment interesting public lighting inatal. It is believed now that in order lations at the moment is that in to allow the bricks to be laid in a Whitehall, where the reinforcs 1. proper water-tight manner, reason high-pressure gas lighting, installed nly wide and uniform jo nt spacor during the period of the Interns. must as provided. The opinion tional Illumination Congress, may was expressed, during a. discussion still be seen. This is stated to be on a paper read by Professor Cran. the only thoroughfare in Great dell, that, given a reasonably uni Britain which scmplies with the form joint space with a minimum conditions of Class A streets in width of three-sixteenths of an inch, the British Standard Specification two types of asphalt fillor will be for which a minimum horizontal found antisfactory:

illumination of 2 foot-candles ís For poured joint filler, an prescribed, and is a remarkabla oxidised asphalt with a somewhat instance of the combined effect of higher minimum melting point than relatively close spacing and high: now permitted should be used. For illumination.

43

a squeezen filler,, an asphalt grout,

composed of a mixture of ston

alone,

refined asphalt and sand, similar straight asphalt were to be und to that now used in the construc. tion of granite block pavements, should prove satisfactory. The ad properly applied, should readily Both suggested types of aller, dition of finely divided mineral all joint spaces of the width sug matter to asphalt produces an effect somewhat similar to ruising the gated waterproof the joints and" melting point of the asphalt slano traction due to temperatura varia provide for expansion and "con- In a groet, therefore, it is practions. I thought desirable, an ticable to use a softer and lower asphalt carpet could be laid over melting point asphalt than if the such a pavement, or it could be

· (Continued at foot of next column) l'opened to traffic without one.

XMAS & NEW YEAR HAMPERS

We beg to notify Customers that Assorted Espera suitable for she Festive Seaton may be obtained from us at the folewing Eeduced Babes

No. 1 HAMPER-565.

1 Qt. Most & Chandon Dry Imperial 1 Qt. Superb Tawny Port.

Champagne | 3 Qts: 86 Julien Cleret,

1 Pt. G.F. Peppermint. 1 PL. D.O.M. -C. Martell's XXX Brandy

1 Qt. King George IV Gold Label

or. Perfection Whisky

No. 2

1 Qt. Guillemart Champagne, 1 Ft. D.O.M.

1. Qt. Old Brown Shorry, Black Sexl.. 1 Qt. Puritan Old Tom or Dry Gin, 1Q Burgoyne's Burgundy.

Phial Pomerantan Bitters”,

HAMPER–155.

1 Qt. Burgoyne's Burgundy, 1 Qt. Martell's XXX Brandy.. 2.Qts. King George IV Gold Label

or Perfection Whisky.

,0

No. 3

'1 Qt. Burgoyna's Burgundy. 1 Pt. G.E. Peppermint. 1 PL. D.O.M.

1

2 Qta Tawny Dry Port.

Qts. St. Julien Claret...

1 Qt. Puritan Old Tom or Dry Gin.

1 Qt.. Vino de Pisto Sherry, Piia Pomeranzän Bitters,

HAMPER-$50.

1 Qt. Tower Brand Brandy.

1 Qt. Amontillado Sherry."

1.Qt. Puritan Old Tom or Dry Ging

Qts, Medea Claret,

1 Phial Pomeraazan Bitters,

2 Qta. Superior Eich Old Fort. 2.Qta. King George IV Gold Labol

or Perfection Whisky, Other Hampers inade up to suit Customer's requirements.

GANDE, PRICE & CO., LTD.

TEL. 20136.

LET

RONEO

HONG KONG.

STEEL

FILING CABINETS SIMPLIFY YOUR

FILING SYSTEM.

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