1931-11-17 — Page 2

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HONG KONG DAILY PRESS, TUESDAY, NOVEMBER 17, 1931.

INVENTION AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE AUTOMOBILE.

PROMINENT AMERICAN MANUFACTURER'S

INTERESTING WIRELESS LECTURE,

.

SPARKS

FROM THE PLUGS

search and experimentation. Every motor car manufacturer has had force of engineers and experimental men constantly striving to improve his product to make it better," more antisfactory and cheaper.

way an

1)

The Value of Research,

OILS.

CRANKSHAFTS WHICH

· TURN 6,000 TIMES A MINUTE,

4

Two thousand revolutions minute was considered the limit a few years ago that any motor on- gine, racing or otherwise, could stand. The M.G.a which won the Ulster, Tourist. Trophy race wery ravived up to over 6,000 turna per minute. It seems incredible. that the pistons could perform such feat-each one actually travelled up and down the sylinder hores

RUSSIA TURNING OUT TRACTORS.

~ Moscow; Oct. 1-Soviet Russia took another important step to- wards industrialisation to-day when work was started in two giant motor ear and tractor factories. The first of these, the Muscow Amo Automobile Works was built around an old factory when it has been completely renovated and equipped with the latest machinery. Work ing one shift only, this factory has an annual capacity of 25,000 lorries and passenger cars.

NOVEL STRIKE BY MOTORISTS.

HUNGARIAN OWNERS ·

PLACE CARS IN GARAGE.

A novel method of protesting against increased motoricar taxes has been adopted by thousands of Hungarian ear-owners,

fuel fed to it is not right, it re- ENGINE SPEEDS AND ports the fact in engine language," which is the noise that people call knock, Thus it happens that the automabile aagine acts when the driver steps on the ac "But not all this effort at impro-Feelator depends upon the Ot vement bas bean confined to the rangement of atoms in molecules. automobile industry itself by any | And that is one of the reasons why The story of how the self-starter liquid. One of the men who used means. The products used in mak- there are chemists and physicists in was invented is an interesting one. to be engaged in the Roanding In ing motor cars are drawn from the research laboratories of the an "A friend of Mr: Charles Kettering,dustry said recently: 'In 1888 nearly every industry in the coun-tomobile industry, as well as nearly vice President of General Motors got an 30 suit and a 866 overcoat try, and many have been the deve-every other kind of scientist and Corporation, suffered a broken arm for dumping 20,000 barrels of gaso-lopments that originated in these engineor. from the kick-back of an old line into Oil Creek, and not getting supporting industries, fashioned motor while be was caught at it. 1 Such a story of cranking his en one morning. waste sounds strange to-day," for Mr. Kettering determined that he gasoline is one of the fortunate pro would find acme way of eliminat-ducts that has made the motor car ing the hecessity for manual possible. Before the advent of the crapking. He worked on the pro. automobile, a few stationary on of a switch a beam of electric light all our industries. One out of twelve thousand times in each hedule. The yearly output of this! While this. "atrike" causes. the and gines wore beginning to be run on ashes far down the road and a every ten of us owes for livelihood minute-transmitting the force of enterprise will be 30,000 tractorg of car-owners' much inconvenience, it hidden lamp illumintes the instru to the motor car business and the 3,000 explosions to the road wheels the International Harvester type. very forcibly brings their point of ment board. Two contributions of supplementary activities allied with and dispersing the terrife heat of

Both events are featured by the view to the notice of the authorities, "About 1840 Charles Goodyear, ¦ ductile tungsten wire made this of such an essential industry we stood up to such a colossal task paid by Stalin and Molotov to the be the estimated loss caused by the Science, the storage battery and it. The soundness and the future the fired charge. How these pistons Press which publishes the tributo

without melting or completely dis architects and engineers who have return of their licenses reaches the integrating for over five hours of been in charge of the construction. handsome total of over £35,000.

Whether the new taxes will be re- gruelling rheing under T.T. condi- The official, Izvestia în a long. tions passes the imagination. Ac-leader devoted to the events insist tually they emerged unscathed and in perfect condition at the finish.

bism for several months brought out the self-starter, frat i thin by-product gasoline. placed on the market in Cadillac

CATS.

*

Discovery of Vulcanization.

#hot

Electricity Does Its Share. Electricity touched its magic wand to the motor car. Kerosene lamps dimly lit the pathway of the early automobile. Now at the turn

development possible.

"Another electrical contribution is the spark plug, upon which much

Mr. Kettering, who is also Gon- eral Director, Research Labora-experimenting on rubber in a Now tories, General Motors Corporation, England kitchen, bad carelessly recently delivered the following brought a mixture of sulphur and

into contact with rubber, talk by radio broadcasting:

stove-und-thue-accidentally disco. I painstaking experimentation has "The automobile is not the invon-

vored how to vulcanize rubber. been put. Again, the hard, not to bion of any one' MEN. It is a coOther investigators utilized that say dangerous job of hand cranking posite aggregation of a great many famous discovery to make a thing has been banished by an electric inventions. The automobile is only

most necessary to the automobile, motor operated from the storage a generation old. But its begin the rubber tiro. The rubber tirs battery. The self-starter has made ning antedates recorded history.

was applied to the bicycle and thus

it possible for women As well as "That prehistoric experimenter gradually developed before the com-

men to drive cars. who found out how to build a fire ing of the motor ear. was perhaps the first man who con-

bile. Civilization dates back to the

Constant experimentation has pointed the way to a host of me

All this constant.. experimenta: tion and continued improvement is very much worth while. It is worth while, first, because the automchile industry has become the greatest of

must do everything possible to in sure...

"This continued experimentation is worth while, second, because the automobile alls one of the most fundamental of human needs. That need is the overcoming of distance. Man is a natural nomad. He does not like to be hemmed in by narrow horizons nor, thanks to the motor car, does he now need to be. How

་

A New Racing Oil Improvements in metals from which pistons and other high-spoed parts are made an accurate know ledge of the forces which have to be balanced, how to balance these

portant of all, the evolution by scientific process of lubricating oils which can stand up to the terrifle stresses imposed have permitted these unbelievable number of re- volutions to the minute to be reach.

19

Disapproving of the new taxes, which they consider wholly unwar- ranted, the disgruntled owners have The second factory to start opera returned their licenses to the police, tions to-day was the Kharkov Trac-placed their ears im to Works which have been com- picted afteen months ahead of the

1

garages and

sought other means of travelling.

that they constitute an important voked, or whether the strike" will milestone on Russia's road towards fizzle out, remains to be seen; but. building up the foundations of taat present both the car owners and Industrial social state.

the revenue authorities show no

eign of yielding.

scientific achievement; it is pro duced by several entirely new pro- sesses, one of which is electrical

gruster degree of lubricating officiency than can be found in ort dinary lubricants.

By 1800 the accumulation of tributed a discovery to the auto-scientific and practical develop chanical improvements in care, Mr. Arthur Butler trees, and lustly, thought, most in stabilisation, which gives a far

|ments had reached such a stage that These have consisted of such things first whool, perhaps the greatest of at last the time was ripe to fulfill more dependable, more powerful, all mechanical inventions. The the universal wish for something more economical, and smoother en- wheel on which it rolls, and fire better that the horse and buggy.gines, improved transmissions,, cari- that gives the wheels the power to That wish could! not have beener steering devices, better brakes, roll, are the two basic developments realized earlier than that, or at more comfortable bodies, better and upon which the automobile is least not much earlier, because much more durable tries, and me

founded.

"The finish of ears is another

GARGOYLE

Mobiloil

there would have been no suitable chanical refinements of many, many on his England to Australia "How to get froir out of its oro engine, no suitable fuel, and no kinds. In respect to the amount of Dash relied on:- by heating it with charcoal or car- tires to cushion" it from the road. power produced by an engine of a bon was another important disco.

"And so in different parts of the given size, the increase has been very. Others discovered how to World, various ingenious men be more than fivefold. make steel to purify it, to forge it, gan to put all these things to- to roll it, to temper it, and later gether: Otto's engine in the buggy,thing that has undergone amazing much later they learned how to.

Dunlop's tire on the wheels, and improvement as a result of the an- alloy it with a little nickel for the gasoline, once a waste product, deavours of persistent investiga toughness, a little manganese for found an important place to be of tors. A few years ago production" hardness, .or a little chromium,service. And despite innumerable was slowed up tremendously be nickel or silicon for resistance to

difficulties, the automobile finally cause, with, the slow-drying paints heat and rusting.

emerged from the experimental then in uso, it took from 20 to 38 shop to chug-chug along the dirt days to finish a car, and the finish roads, where it frightened horses was not so durable after it had with its terrible noise and its un- been applied. It was search of accustomed odour: And thus it the chemist for smokrem powder was that the automobile appeared that constituted the first of the on, the world's stage, not an a direct long series of hard-won battles "In the mechanical held, some one invention, but rather as the cul which have resulted in the durable utilized the wheel and axle to makemination of thousands of years of and attractive finishes on cars to a curriage Making use of frie technical, scientific, and industrial day, for their cascutial ingredient tion, brakes were invented. The developinents. usefulness of the lover and the

"Other men found out how to recover from their respective urrs the additional 24 metals that metal lurgy now furnishes for making au- tomobiles.

Coming to the Wheel and Axle,

..

#

crank were discovered, Teeth were put on the wheel, making a guar.

A Strange, Decrepit Vehicle.

"But that early motor car-how

is a form of gun-cotton.

Necessity of Constant Progress? "It is thus by constant research and experiment that the "horseless marriage has gradually evolved in

viceable, durable and cheap.

"Are we satisfield with the pre at day automobile? No, for satis

firo that operates it was made dir- mental labours, and it had to be an organized effort to acquire new

tions.

ever, for a space of 5000 years," transportation had been limited to

4 miles per hour or less. Impossi ble miles made people prisoners to their own localities. But the auto- mobile is breaking down the bar ricre of provincialism, and infinitely widening horizons for people. It is doing more for the 'country dweller in banishing isolation and loneliness than the telephone, the radio, and the rural mail service ever did, and they did much. No longer must the workmen necessarily live close to his place of employment, which too often is amid noise and smoke and grime. In a few minutes he' travel miles, cut to a region where there are open spaces and sunshine

In 1804, springs were invented and for short it fell of the excellent au applied to vehicles. At last the tonehile of to-day! It was a mere to the automobile of to-day, a vehi steam engine and the locomotive horseless carriage, and it looked ale which is at once beautiful, sir. were developed, utilizing these mo- like one, from its spindly wheels, chanical principles, together with and its buck-board body, to the the reciprocating piston for deli-whip socket on its frail dash. It vering power. Then in 1800 Lenoir had to run at a very low speed, it made the first engine in which the would not pull hills without mony. faction is stagnation Research and fresh air, and where the an ectly in the engine's cylinder continually adjusted and repaired, information. Some of the World's vironment for his family is what it Lenoir was followed by many other The first automobile reco, held in greatest inventions have been the ought to be. investigators, one of whom was N. 1205, was only 80 miles long, but the result of this industrial, specializa. Perhaps no other, one thing has A. Otto. Oito combined the theory winner took over 11 hours to do that

exerted as grent and as good an and the practice of some of his pro- distance, his average, speed having Some of these possible improve- decessors and built an internal boon less than 5 miles an hour. ments lie in unexpected places. influends upon the living habits of combustion engine which is of Those early cars were the laughing The average man probably thinks, people in this generation as has the particular interest because it was Block of people, and many a man for instance; that if there is any automobile and the good roads that the father of the one in the automo- with a team of horses made money thing he is not concerned with, it bile. It mixed o hydro carbon fuel helping them back home. When in is the molecular make-up of the have come along with it. Do you with air, compressed the mixtura 1300, the War Department pur hydrocarbon molecules in his gaso remember when all the good ronda in a cylinder, and ignited it with chased three automobiles for the line. But that happens to be awere in town and the bad ones in

use of army officers, it was required thing that his engine is greatly the country and the a fame..

in the "Then shout 1560 Colonel Drake that provision be made so that concerned about. And so, if the

city. It

was the automobile that atruck oil near Titusville, Pennsyl-mules could be hitched to them, chemical structure of the fuel mole. vania. In separating kerosene should they refuse to run. How cules is not what it ought to be, the lifted Americs out of the mud. which

was the desired product different in the car of to-day from driver of a car has to listen to his Honours usually travel by slow from this oil, petroleum refiners those early benzine buggies, engine complaining about it every freight. All honour to these ins had a by-product, gasoline for

time he gets under way, or every which they had no use. And so

can imagine that it was difficult to dispose of, such an inflammable

"But what has brought about the amazing advance over the antero

time his car is shouring up a hillumerable money chimbined bile of the eighteen nineties! The gasoline, ongine is very discrivision and achivement brought us came as a result of unending reminating about ita diet; and, if the the a

od.

..)

Aérosboil will be essentially an oil for the few; it coats a little With increased popularity of the more than standard grades of oil, sports type of chr" and motor-cycle because of the expensive processes with high speed engines, which re-involved in its manufacture, but for quire the most perfect lubrication,

the. Shell Company have produced car or motorcycle owner who places

"People Who Matter":

PEOPLE

LE WHO MATTER, to the

advertiser are the people who can'

afford to buy, his gooda Most of

these people by and read the

h new type of lubricant which they efficiency above everything else. Hong Kong Daily Press,

call Aeroshell. This new oil is a (Continued on next Colúmn.)

For Service:

FIAT CAD

Aeroshell can be recommended for

his serious consideration.

NOW HERE

FIAT

522C

6-Cylinders.

MODEL "522 0" is the medium powered car which, although widely accessible on account of its low price and running costs, ́embodies the most modern features and the most valuable improvements.

Most brilliant on hills and in acceleration, thanks to the generous power of the engine. FAST: over 100 Kms. (62 miles) an hour. Stable and sure on any kind of road both because of the remarkably low frame and the use of hydraulic brakes. Easy to drive with new silent gear box with epecial engagement for bigh gears.

It is the ideal "Six" for the motorist who likes habitually maintain high averages,

950, Hennessy Read.

24821

AGENTS:

A. GOEKE & CO. Showroom:

SPARE PART DEPARTMENT :^-

CHINA BUILDING,

TELEPHONE 22221

FIAT GARAGE:

ennessy Ra

24821.