1931-10-17 — Page 2

Use Green Island Cement

for

Constructural Work of

Every Description.

HOW W GREEN ISLAND CEMENT IS MADE

Green Island Cement is manufactured from hard limestone and clay. It is necessary that these materials should be finely ground in order that they may come into intimate contact with one another in the burning process.

The finely pulverised materials are mixed in a certain detinite proportion, roughly one part of clay to three of limestone, and are fed to the Rotary Kilns.

In these kilns they meet the hot gases and flames generated by pulverised coal blown in at the other end of the kilns, and after various chemical actions have taken place, they combine to form Portland Cement Clinker.

The Clinker is ground down with a small percentage of gypsum to. regulate the setting time, and Green Island Portland Cement is thus produced.

Although sounding so simple, in reality the process is an intricate combination of mechanical, physical and chemical operations, needing great ekill and care. Nothing but constant and accurate supervision will yield the results so well-known with Green Island Cement, namely," strength, uniformity and reliability.

USE GREEN ISLAND CEMENT

Issued by the

GREEN ISLAND CEMENT CO.

2ND FLOOR,

EXCHANGE BUILDING.

Value in Steelwork

LTD.

ONE OF THE COMPANY'S 42 BLAST FURNACES

Using ironstonn, limestone, and coal from their own mines and quarries, Dorman, Long produce their own i Stool from the ground up. As Constructional Engineers they are thus able to eliminate Intermediate profits and to give their buyers maximum value for money "in" material? and workmanship.

DORMAN, LONG & CO., LTD.

STEELMAKERS,” CONSTRUCTIONAL ENGINEERS AND

· BRIDGE... BUILDERS.

MIDDLESBROUGH AND LONDON.

HONG KONG DAILY PRESS, SATURDAY, OCTOBER 17, 1931.

ENGINEERING AND

THE TELEPHONE IN

CANADA.

FOURTEEN FOR EVERY 100)

OF POPULATION,

CITIES BEST DEVELOPED IN

TELEPHONE SENSE,'

TAR ROADS IN

BRITAIN.

BUILDING

WIRES, BUT NO ELECTRICITY.

"NEW AGE."

· DIFFICULTIES OF SUPPLY.

upply That, is loft local supply companies

These transmission lines, which |are daily adding to the natwork

RURAL AREAS WAIT THE of wires over the countryside, carry.

132,000 volts. The average house hold requirement is 120 volts. The cost of transforming this current on the spot down to safo usages would be enormous and would ir..

substation. Thus the country call volve the building of a special

only be supplied with electricity from the nearest town, as in the past, but with the supply of case bulk electricity it is hoped that supply companies will be better able to extend their supply lince into the country districts.

uned for delivering hot tar in bulk at high temperatures. It has been proved that a very much greater surface of rond can be sprayed in the country! In countless rural When is electricity coming to a day by this method of delivery districts of England this question than with any other system. Manyia being asked every day. Farmer of these machines are designed for tar-spraying and gritting to be car ried out in one operation, which considerably facilitates the surface dressing of roade..

SUBJECT OF RESEARCH AND INVESTIGATION.

The development of tar roads in Britain was described by Mr. W. Cone to the German Road Tar Committos in Berlin in December, Among the great modern inven.and extracts from this paper ara tions which originated in Canada is given in the journal of the Institu the telephone. Although its invention of Municipal and County En- tor, tlio late Dr. Alexander Graham ginoers. The quality of tar for Bell, was a Scotsman by birth, he roadmaking in Britain has con- and long been a resident of Canada, sistently been iniproved, and the The discovery of the telephone. desire for further improvement both as to its main principle and having become apparent with the ns to the first transmission of the changing condition of ond tran- human voice, was made at the e-sport, the British Road Tar Asso sidence of Alexander Graham Bell's ciation have formulated more exact father, at Brantford, Ontario, in ing specifications for thr, whether The first telephone talk over employed för surface treatment or any distance was conducted between for the manufacture of tarmacadam.outcome of these investigations it

· 1876.

Brantford and the small neighbour To summarise the present posi- ing" town of Paris, & distance of tion, it would seem from road ex. eight miles, on August 10, 1876.periento, particularly form that of This conversation was the successful the surface tarring of roads, that culminatior of long and exacting experiments. Improvements of the new invention followed in fairly rapid succession.

the modern trend of opinion is cm. phatically favouring the use of more viscous tar than hitherto,, and it socms probable that, with further experience, tars of even higher con- aistency will be demanded.

wagon delivery, the tank, when not. required for spraying work, being (Continued on next (aluma.)

Organized telephone developpent in Canadh dates from the year 1880, when the Bell Telephone Company The method of delivering tar in was incorporated. Three years Inter barrels and drums, deposited by the the first submarine telephone cable roadside, is a practice which is still ander the Detroit River was Inid be largely in vogue, but it ja gradual- tween Windsor, Ontario, and Dely being replaced by bulk tank troit, Michigan, At the end of 1883 the Bell Telephone Company operat ed in Canada 4,400 rental-earning telephones, 44 exchanges, and 40 agencies, with 800 miles of long- distance wire. It controlled devewire, 2,127,201 miles of underground lopment throughout the Dominion, and submarine wire, serving in all except British Columbia, where the

about 785,000 telephones. Over Bell greater part of the system has always been in the bands of thees each day as these two pro- British Columbiai Telephone Com- pany.

vinces are carried on some 5,300,000 exchange and 70,600 long-distance conversations, sh

To what extent the teleplione has become a part of the equipment of bent developed of all the world's Canadian cities are among the present-day life in Canada is per cities in a telephong sense. haps best told by the latest avail-example, in Toronto, with a popula For

that there were at the end of 1920, servico 205,915 telephones, 80,400 of tion of 736,500, there are now in 1,399,986 instruments, or 14.29 per these in business premises, and 100 of population, a density exceed.

able official statistics, which show

ed only by the United States of 138,455 in the homes of citizens. America, which has 16.3 telephones

The Oost,

and cottagers feel that they have been looking for the new age fo long time, but still there is little or no sign of the cheap electricity which official schemes would secu to have promised.

Setback

Tar As a Surface Dressing.

That is the answer to the oft In many chce pylone and trans repeated question in country dis The use of thr as a surface dress mission lines run across the fields | trict: "If the wires run over our the life of old roads and enable ple think that electricity has come "ity 1'z ing makes it possible to conservo and lanes of a village and the peo fields, why cannot we have electric-

amount of traffic. The British Bond lings-in most cases yet uncharg them to carry a surprisingly large at last.. But they are wrong. The Tur Association have given special ed-are merely to carry the bule attention to this question, and as supply of the Central Electricity the result of observations made in Board from town, to town, several districts they have drawn up recommendations for surface tarring, in which are stressed pre- scribed methods of gritting. As the

has been found that a relationship could be established between the viscosity of the tar and the mest suitable gauge of the gritting mato- rial. It therefore remains merely to employ the proscribed quantity of gritting material and compress it with a light roller. The adoption of these recommendations will, it fis hoped, result in a general ad faca tarring, and in addition climi- vancement, of the standard of sur

nate the complaint of the bleeding

of tar roads.

The salient features of progress | in tarmbeadan manufacture me the use of higher consistency tars and a more uniform, grading of the aggregate. In addition a greater amount of attention has also been

exists between tars of varying cont- given to the relationship which,

gistency, and mineral aggregates of differing physical characteristics.",

The results of the advancement so far achieved show clearly the increased resistance of properly balaneed mixtures of tar and aggre-

displacement under such stresses as gates to deformation or internal

surfacing by "heavy traffic condi- are imposed upon the tarmacadam

produce a more dense surfacing, tions. The modern tendency is to characterised by a much smaller proportion of voids than in ordinary tarmacadam. In this connection experience has shown the desir. ability of incorporating with the

per 100 persons. Germany," with 2,050,430, and Great Britain, and The basic individual line rate in Northern Ireland with 1,760,086, Toronto is 289 a month for a busiers and medium aggregate suit- ware the only countries, in addi-ness telephone, and 138. a month The stability of, the mixture in- able quantities of mineral filler. tion to the United States, with for liome service. This basic month- larger numbers of telephones thanly rental is for unlimited service-

creases as the voids in the aggre- Canada; but their averages per 100 that is, the subscriber may make

gate decrease, provided the propez, population were only 4.6 and 3.8 as many exchange calls as he

amoof tar is used. respectively.

Record for Conversations,

Canada claims also the distinction

of holding the record for conver-

chooses. As a result, the kent call- ing rato is very high-there are, on the average, .1,000,000 daily ex- change, calls in Toronto.

Long-distance telephone service in

Stability and Durability,

Although the function of a mineral; filler is generally regarded as be- ing entirely mechansen, indientions and surface structure of the mineral print to the fact that the natine aller particles may play an import- ant part in the effect they produce upon the tar when in combination. It may be possible, with a greater 37,851,000 were long distance. There the subscriber, waits with the roof different mineral fillers, to evolve knowledge of the stabilising value

sations with 257.7 per capita, com Canada has reached a remarkably pared with 231.0 in the United high standard. The average time States, 219, in New Zealand, 148.0 required for the completion of a in Denmark, and 128.7 in Sweden. call of this nature is now only 1. Of the 2,65,600,000 telephone con minutes, and 87 per cent of all versations in Canada in one year, connections aro established white

ceiver to his cat.

is a total of 2,415 telephone systems in the Dominión, but most of the

certain forms of construction with Although the other provinces of the maximum amount of stability instruments are controlled by seven Canada are served by separate or and durability of combifiations of ayateme-namely, the Maritime ganizations; there is commend mineral aggregates and mineral Telegraph in Nova Scotia; the Newable spirit of co-operation in evi- fillers of entirely dissimilar propor Brunswick Telephono Company, the dence in the matter of telephonetics, and by thoroughly and uni- Bell Telephone Company, in Quebec

communication, Long-distance con- formly mixing with the ensure the and Ontario; the three systems in the Prairie Provinces Manitoba, Dominion has long been a commonplacement under heavy traffic ron- nection throughout the whole necessary propertion to prevent die- Saskatchewn, and Alberta-cach owned and operated by the respec tive provincial government, and the British Columbia Telephone, Com

PADY.

Central Canada

place of life. While, up to the present, calls from Eastern and ditions. have been routed in part over cirroads with tar is being investigat to the far West The surface treatment of concrete

cuits in the United States, an all- Perhaps the most illuminating Canada 'system is now practically

ed through certaiq, experimental view of telephone colitions in the completed which will provide coast work. The development of hot-mis Dominion may be obtained by can-to coast telephone oircuits wholly process tarmacham is also waking sidering the two central provinces within the Dominion. This all-red rapid strides, and a good milengo of Ontario and Quebec, with 01. per line, 4,283 miles in length, will be cent of the total popriation of the complete and in operation by the

of this material, of varying degrees Dominion. Here the Bell Telephone end of 1931. It involves the com- of density, has been laid in different Company of Canada has developed plation of repeater stations en parts of British with success, This a comprehensive system of exchange route, and is ovidence of the clos form of construction holds out great and long-distance service, compris co-operation of the telephone autho

template | ponsibilities for die 'construction. ofi

ing 413 central offices, 25,407 miles rities of the Dominion. It will form

of pole lind, 081,704 miles of aerial

(Continued on ntri Column.)

a communication link of outstand. surfacinge subject to heavy traffic ing bereft to the British Empire.

conditions.

ing of electricity to the arons in

They undoubtedly herald the com"

question," but cannot themselves

OPAQUE

have been inaugurated in Bedford- Bo far experimental schemos

shire and at Norwich, Up to the present the demand seems to have Justified the outlay, although it is early put to predict a completo suc- cess for the schema

"Continued on Page 3)

WHITE

a Berger Product

INTERIOR EGGSHELL GLOSS FINISHING

-ONE COAT EQUIVALENT TO TWO COATS WHITE ZING.

W. R. LOXLEY

& CO.

YORK BUILDING, CHATER ROAD.

THE EXPRESS LIFT CO., LTD.

WITH WHICH IS INCORPORATED THE BUSINESS OF

SMITH, MAJOR & STEVENS, LTD./

EXPRESS SMS

LIFTS

MODERN LIFTS

FOR MODERN BUILDINGS

SPEEDY RELIABLE SERVICE

FOR DETAILS APPLY TO

#

THE G.E.C., QUEEN'S BUILDING, CHATER ROAD,

EVERYTHING.CFELECTRICAL