1931-08-15 — Page 2

Use Green Island Cement

for

Constructural Work of Every Description.

HOW GREEN ISLAND CEMENT IS MADE

Green Island Cement is manufactured from hard limestone and clay. It is necessary that these materials should be finely ground in order that they may come into intimate contact with one another in the burning process.

The finely pulverised materials are mixed in a certain definite. proportion, roughly one part of clay to three of limestone, and are fed to the Rotary Kilns.

In these kilus they meet the hot gases and flames generated by pulverised coal blown in at the other end of the kilns, and after various chemical actions have taken place, they combine to form Portland Cement Clinker.

The Clinker is ground down with a small percentage of gypsum to regulate the setting time, and Green Island Portland Cement is thus produced.

Although sounding so simple, in reality the process is an intricate combination of mechanical, physical and chemical operations, needing great skill and care. Nothing but constant and accurate supervision will yield the results s0 well-known with Green Island Cement, namely, strength, uniformity and reliability.

USE GREEN ISLAND CEMENT ·

Issued by the

GREEN ISLAND CEMENT CO., LTD.

2ND FLOOR,

EXCHANGE BUILDING.

THE YOKOHAMA SPECIE BANK BUILDING, SHANGHAI,

Architects

Palmer & Turner

Steel Framework 1,898 Tons.

Supplied by

DORMAN LONG

STEEL

The Strongest, Safest and Lightest Framing Material

With steel less volume and weight of material is used; less tonnage transported, handled and erected, The building weighs Jess, and lighter, less expensivo foundations are needed.

DORMAN, LONG & CO., LTD.

M

STKELMAKERS, CONSTRUCTIONAL" ENGINEERS. ́AND BRIDGE BUILDERS,

ESBROUGH~AND LONDON.

MIDD

HONG KONG DAILY PRESS, SATURDAY, AUGUST 15, 1931.

ENGINEERING AND BUILDING

SOVIET OIL PRODUCTION.

OUTLINE OF PROGRESS UNDER THE FIVE-YEAR PLAN.

SIGNIFICENT GROWTH OF HOME

MARKET.

of

On April 1, the Soviet Govern of Ameft. During the period ment announced that the all in- two-and-a-half years, workers' dustry had fullled the Five-Year wages increased by 13.2 per cent. Plan which laid down the outputAt present the average wage of of oil in 1032-33 (the last year) as the oil werkers is 100 roubles 81 21.7 million tons. In the current copecks per month. One should, of year, however, the oil output will course, take into considoration 'the' be 27.5 million tons, which means that the estimates for this industry have been fulfilled in two-and-a-ing, fares, health services, etc. half years inatent of five years. This also means that the U.S.S.R. now takes second place amongst the world's oil producers.

Pre-war Russia produced 9.3 million tons of oil per year, Dur- ing the war the Russian revolution the output was only 42.7 per cent of the total production of oil in 1013 During 1931 the output will be three times more than it was before the war.

many privileges enjoyed by the

the prospects for the sale of large quantities of gasoline abroad, call- ed for an increase in this capacity, of the refineries and a much greater production of gasoline. It was found necessary not only to restore and re-equip the old plants, but to construct many new ones and to uw basis, Though there has been organize production on an entirely steady increase in the percentage" of oil reâned, it is far from keep ing pace with the exceptionally rapid increase in demand for re- fined, products.

duction and in the amount refined. In the six-year period from 1924-25 to 1820-30 the output of oil re fineries has more than doubled and last year it exceeded the 1013 figure by per cent. The Ameft refineries produce about 60 per cent. and the Grenzy plants about 37 por Oll Exports. cent of the total..

Oil exports during the first six The extensive introduction of months of 1938-30 exceeded those modern reining methods and equip for the corresponding partod of ment data from the fiscal year 1028-29 by 38 per cent. The rapid 1024-25. At that time the rapid growth in the importance of gaso growth in oil output began to ex-line in the oil industry of the ceed the capacity of the refineries. Soviet Union may be judged from The incrend domestic domand for the following table showing exports tractor and automobile fuel and from 1913 to Inst year i

US.S.R. is that of increasing to the "maximum" the extraction of gasoline and kerosene from erudo oil. It is planned to increase the proportion of gasoline and keroseno in the total amount of oil refined

Union as whole, and to 05 per to 40 per cent, for. the Soviet

cont. for the Baku folds, Thin considerably exceeds the present American figure. The total output of gasoline in the last year of the five-year period in set at 18 million tons, twelve times the output in 1098-20, Tho increase in output is to be obtained mainly by menns of anextansive development of the cracking procesa. It is likewise planned, to run an increasing pers centage of the oil through in 1927-28 this percentage was only 75 per cent. in 1930-31 it is expected to reach 90 per cent and in the last year of the five-year period clos to 100

the refinaries.White

1913.

Exports of Oil Products. 1928-27. 1927-28. 1928-20,

1928-30, (six mo.)

Kerpseno

440.2

(in thousand metric tons) 474.7700.5781,5

43)

workere, such as cheap housuoline and ligroin....

152.2-

805.5" 77141,037.4

540.8

Lubricating oils.......

per cent.

238.7

107.8

107.4 198,5

01.1

Bolar oi!

51.0

30.7

50.5

06. T

28,5

Crude oil

127.2

155,8

155.8

65.6

550,0

800.7

£4.9 1,128.8 708.6

Diesel and gas oil ..............

195.0

Total

947.7 2,080,9

208.3 957.8

2,787.0 3,025.0 2,19413

173.4

Many new Buildings have been erected and during the period in question (two-and-a-balf years) Amelt has spent 15.5 million roubles on erecting now."houses, These homes are of an American type with all, modern conveniences such na baths, electric lights, gas stoves, etc. Several million roubles have also been spent in the creation of libraries, "lecture halls, theatres, reading rooms, premises The production of oil in the for all kinds of art as well as U.S.S.R. is increasing yearly.crèches and kindergartens for the This is to be seen particularly in use of workers and their children. the Grozny district where the out In the Lenin district there is a new put increased from 13.2 per cent. factory kitchen which supplies 1927-1928 to 17.6 per cent. in 1928-70,000 meals per day for the work 1829; 250 per cent in 1828-30; anders and their families. Seven more in 1831 is expected to increase by similar factory kitchens are now 55.50 per cent. as compared with

under construction. During this the output for 1929-33. The same period also 3.5 million roubles have applies to the Baku district, where been expended on sanitary work the increase of output was BB and safety devices for the protec" follows:-In 1927-1929 11.2 per tion of the workers, and more than cent.; in 1928-1620 13.6 per cent. 11,000 workers were sent to various in 1920-1930 17.2 per cent.; and rest homes in the Caucasus and there will be a 50 per cent. increase Crimes.. over last year's output.

Ameft (Azerbaijan Oil Trust owes its great success not only to the enthusiasm of its workers, but

te, the mystein of rationalization which has been carried on in this industry-at time,

atructed.

&

moreover,

Fuel oil

It will be noted that while in the pre-war period kerosene accupied the leading place in oil exports, constituting 40 per cent of the tatal, in 1928-20 kerosene exports amounted to only 2 per cent, the predominant position being taken by gasoline and ligroin, which in 1028-29 constituted 20 per cent of the total, as compared with 18 per cent, in 1913 and 12.5 per cent, in 10M-23,

Domestic Sales

The following table shows the sales on the domestic market of Soviet oil products for the three years up to 1928-20 and for the... first half of 1929-30:-

Gasoline

Kerosene

Diesel and gas oil Lubricating oila Fuel oil**** Miscellaneous

Total

Sales on Domestic Market, 1926-97.1987-28. 1926-29. 1920.30. (aix mo.)

28 1928-29. (

(in metric tons)

76,000

1,018,200

806,800

1,199,700 872,500

159,800 198,700

98,300 * 120,400 80,953 1,587,700 1,000,403 748,703 440,400 288,800. #245,162 3,603,200 4,434,500 4,625,000 2,850,857

100,500 212,000 817,200

5,924,200 6,803,300

7,170,800

4,700,027

for the high-class oil products on;

СЕБ

half of last year were 20 per cent.erende was attained almost exclu- The domestic sales in the first made up 12.7 per cent. The in- greater than in 1928-29. domestic market also shows a grow-methods of straight distillation, The ively by improvement in the ing demand for the higher class since the cracking process up to the of products. Thus, the sales of past year occupied a minor role, Oil production and refining in lubricating oils in 1028-29 increased only two cracking installations the 1.8.S.R. has made rapid strides over 40 per cent, as compared with boing in operation. From 1923 to 1927-28, that of gasoline 32 per 1927 the proportion of gasoline, during the past few years. In cent., and that of kerosene 30 per kerosene and lubricating oils to the or to increase the quantity of cent. The sales of other less valu-total refined oil output increased

ablo products have increased at a from 20 to 30 per cent. red products an extensive. pro lesser rate. This increased demand gramme of construction of refining

In order to meet the rapidly

when other branches of industy in 100-20 resulted in n 37 per cent, mechanization of agriculture, in- development of the cracking pro- plants is being carried out, which the domestic market is due mainly growing demand for gasoline, re- to the great progress in the liance will be placed mainly on the wers only beginning to be recon- increase in the amount of oil revolving a rapid growth in the num called for the construction of 14 The programme for 1920-30 ber of tractors, and also to tho largo gain in the number of auto-new cracking plants. The construe mobiles and trucks.

tion plans for 1930-31 provide for In an effort to meet these increas over 100 cracking plants, and also ed demands it has beea necessary

for over two score pipe stills and af oil, the proportion refined, and the end of the five year period to increase the gross production refineries, 400 coke stills, etc. By especially the proportion of gas (1032-33), it is planned to have con- line and other higher-class oil pro-strusted cracking plants with a ducts. Rapid progress has been total of 18 million tone. Much of Construction and Reorganization. made in this last direction during the equipment for these planta may

Among the important construe the war gasoline constituted less

the last few years. While before be purchased abroad. tion projects in the oil industry than one per cent of the refined during 1929-30 were the completion 9.8 per cent, and in 1983-29 it oil output, by 1026-27 it constituted in February of the Baku-Batum pipeline with a capasity of 3,040,000 Recently deep pumps become metric tons, the completion of the widely used, and as a result of Badger pipe still unit in Baku and this the cost of production per well in a month dropped from 1.004 of a vacuum distillation unit. Ad- roubles in 1921-1925 to 935 roubles ditions were made to several exist in 1998-120, or in other words, ing planta, including the Red showed a decrease by 50 per cent. Star" electrical station Baku, in the cost of production.

Up to 1994-1995 boring was car-

fined over 1928-29. The oil output ried out in a most primitive for the three principal trusts in 1920-30 was 17,080,000 metric tons, manner owing to the fact that practically no modern machineny of which 14,800,000 tons were, re» had been introduced in the Russian fined, as compared with 13,602,000 oilfields prior to the revolution tone in 1928-29, 10,800,000 tona of During recent years, however, enormous sums have been spent on which were refined. up-to-date equipment and thit has increased the speed of the work and considerably reduced produc tion costs. The cost of bering in 1024-1928 was 335 roubles per metre, but after the introduction of rotary boring this figure was reluced to 208 roubles per metre, L., 40 per dent, cheaper.

Rationalization in the oil pro-the capacity of which was increne, duction has led to the utilization fed to, 20,000 kilowatts. A new of gas. In 1813 the output of gas

in the Baku district" vas about power plant was opined in Batum 28,000 tons. In 1024-1925 it reached and a cracking plant completed 34,000 tons; in 1928-1929, 101,000 there in September. In the Gronty tons; in 1929-1930, 180,000 tons; and refineries there were installed two this year's production is estimated to be 500,000 tons.

pipe stills of Soviet design in Azneft is making extensive plans February and August, a Foster- for the electrification of its plants Wheeler pipe still in August and a and fields Boring and pumping of oil is done.exclusively by clec Winkler Koch cracking plant in tricity. The total power of electric September. plants now reaches 100,000 kilo- watts. Meanwhile, wind power is nlag used in the exploitation of the U.S.S.R. was nationalized, In welle by means of deep pumps.May, 1020, it was at a very low Cracking plant for the refining of

At the time the oil industry of

oil has been installed for the first ebb. Wasteful methods of ex- time in U.8.6.p. In view of the ploitation in the pre-war period, qonstantly growing demand for followed by the destruction and petrol to be used for automobiles

and tractors working on State and disorganization wrought by the wor collective farme, several other crack and intervention, had resulted in ing plants will be erected in the the practical disruption of the in- near futuro, HANN

The ever-increasing production of dustry Oil refining was especially oil in U.S.6.E. "is creating a de neglected. The main products were mand for various kinds of my

chinery for plants, while tankers mazut (fuel oil) and kerosene, gazo-, for transportation of oil are re-line being produced o ply in in- quired for the export trade. significent quantities The methods

With the growth of the oil in employed in refining were primi- dustry, and the increasing productive. Pipe stills, cracking plants tivity of labour, the general stand for producing bright stocks were ard of living of the oil workers is unknown The civil war wrought also rapidly improving.

havoc with the buildings and equip ment of the few existing refining Unemployment Wiper

planta

Out

By the beginning of 1931 em Production made jaw gains dur ployment amongst miners in Atering the first years siter nationali- baijan had been completely wiped zation, but beginning with the out. A seven-hour work day had fiscal year 1924-25 progress has been been introduced in all the plants steady, both as regards total pro-

Trend of Development.

development of oil refining in the The basic trend in the future

for

The expanded programmo total oil output calls for an annual The increase of over 30 per cent. revised plan for 1930-31 calls for a total production of, 53 million tons, of which refined products cie to constitute about. 21 million tons; and that for, 1832-33 for a total of 49 million tons, of which practical ly all is planned to be run through the refineries..

It is planned to concentrato re- fining operations in close proxi mity to centres, of consumption and export. Thus, the refueries at the ports of Batum and Tuapse will ba stendily enlarged, so that by 1932-33 they should dispose of 35 per cent, of the total refaed pro- dusta. Foreign markote demand primarily gasoline and the higher- class products consequently at Batum and Tuapse there are being constructed installations for crack ing and for the completo treatment of crude oil i

The domestic market, on the con-

kerosene and mazut, though the trary, demands at present chiefly

need for gasoline is expected to exced the latter by, the end of the Eve-year period. To meet the domestic demand it is proposed to." construct a crude oil pipeline from

the Caspian Sea to Moscow, where over one and a half million tons

of the heavy oil from Baku will bo

is to be established at Samara for treated annually in a rednery to be constructed. Another rennery the treatment of about 350,000 tons of crude oil from the Emba fields. This plant will supply rained pro- ducts to the Volga basin, the Ural district, and Siberia.

Thus the main product of the new refineries will be gasoline, ob- tained chiefly by the tracking pro- res. The manufacture of lubricet ing oils of all varieties and com pound grenses will also bo increns- ed and the production of oil products hitherto manufactured in

be developed. small quantities, or not at all, will

'COLORCRETE'

ANTI-GLARE

COLOURED

SNOWCRETE

WHITE

FERROCRETE '

RAPID HARDENING

PORTLAND CEMENT

BOLE AGENTS

STOCKS CARRIED.

DODWELL & CO., LTD.

QUEEN'S BUILDINGTM

HONG KONG

PHONE 28021