1931-08-01 — Page 3

Use Green Island Cement

for

Constructural Work of Every Description.

HOW GREEN ISLAND CEMENT IS

MADE

Green Island Cement is manufactured from hard limestone and clay. It is necessary that these materials should be finely ground in order that they may come into intimate contact with" one another in the burning process.

The finely pulverised materials are mixed in a certain definite proportion, roughly one part of clay to three of limestone, and are fed to the Rotary Kilns.

In these kilns they meet the hot gases and flames generated by pulverised coal blown in at the other end of the kilns, and after various chemical actions have taken place, they combine to form Portland Cement Clinker.

The Clinker is ground down with a small. percentage of gypsum to regulate the setting time, and Green Island Portland Cement is thus produced.

Although sounding so simple, in reality the process is an intricate combination of mechanical, physical and chemical operations, needing great skill and care. Nothing but constant and

accurate supervision will yield the results 80 well-known with Green Island Cement, namely, strength, uniformity and reliability.

USE GREEN ISLAND CEMENT

Issued by the

GREEN ISLAND CEMENT CO., LTD.

2ND FLOOB,

EXCHANGE BUILDING,

[

HONG KONG DAILY PRESS, SATURDAY, AUGUST 1, 1931.

ENGINEERING AND BUILDING

THE ELECTRICATION OF CHINA.

PRESENT SITUATION AND THE POSSIBILITIES.

JAPAN'S ADVANTAGEOUS POSITION.

Although the present electrißention of China is not very extensive, the future economic development of this extremely rich country will certainly, says a writer in The Commercial (Man- chester), facilitate the adoption of electric light in the majority of Chinese cities and the substitution of slectric motors for coalie. labour. Japan is the largest exporter of electrical products to China, with about 33 per cent of the total imports, and Great Britain and U.S.A. follow with 17 per cent, and 18 per cent. respectively, Of these imports lighting equipment and bulbs con- stitute the largest part, but n considerable amount of power station and substation equipment is imported, chiefly, for us in plants belonging to foreign companies.

IMPROVEMENTS

ANTWERP.

1930.

AT

GASES IN METALS. A PHILIPPINE

MOTOR CAR FERRY.

MODERN METHODS, AND A DIFFICULT PROBLEM,

Whilst

175-FT 1,5000 H.P. HONG KONG-BUILT SHIP.

30-1

16- 3-in

Molten metals have a remarkable capacity for absorbing gases, and

The Kantaorisa, twin-scre unlike other Liquids in this ven pret the solubility appears to in Rong and Whampoa Dook" Co

motor forry built by the Hong crease with increase of temperature. Ltd, at their Kowloon Docks, Hong PORT WITH BIG FAR EAST Consequently, as a gas-improghat Kong Designed for service be

TRADE.

ed liquid metal cocks from a high tween Iloilo and Pulupandan in the to a lower temperature, an evolu-Philippine Islande, she will have Several important new works tira of gas takes pince. This pheno a speed of 158 knots on service. were completed and a number of menon eventually gives rise to that. other projects were under, construc defect in ingots and castings known. Kanlaon are:--

The principal particulars of the tion at the port of Antwerp during as "blow-holes" (or "sponginess"), Length, between per In the course of the year which are simply bubbles of gas pendiculars feur great metallic sheds were con entrapped in the metal as it free-

Broadth, moulded structed on the south quay of Canzos and remaining as cavities. ín

Depth, moulded. Dock B. Pavement works along the finished article. The blowholes the south quay of this dock were in steel are largely filled with the The vessel built to Cloyd's 100

Gros register

400 tons well advanced at the end of the gaseous, oxides of cartonch year. The fourth wet dock south similar cavities in copper contain, Philippine Islands and under Al plass for coasting services in the el Canal Dock B will have a water amongst other things, sulphur Lloyd's Special Survey and the surface of 60.3 hectares (161 acres) dioxide. Unsoundness in stop in Bureau of Customs of the Govern And a depth of 12 metres (39 feet). gots has largely been overcome by

The paving of the now highway exercising such control over the There is ode complete teak deck, munt o of the Philippine Islands. worth of the now docks has been steel-making operation that the fer completed as far as the Kruisschans rous evide content of the tapped shade deck aft with a navigating a topgellant forecastle, and a Lock so that this part of the port metal is low; and "finishing albridge and boat deck over. The Up to the end of 1029, 724 power works More important electricity by a direct route open to any prevent gas from being evolved light compartments yielding, in ad- installations is linked up with the loys" are added if necessary to hull is subdivided into five water- plauts were registered in China; power transmission lines have been 523 of theee belonged to private built in the provinces under Japan-

trafic. A new connecting road be during solidification. These addition to the fore and after peaks, Chinese companies, 33 to foreign ese rule, where voltages of 35 kv. the junction channel has been laid ganese or silicon, or aluminium; be machinery space. The forward tween the Kruisschans Lock and ditions generally contain manne hold forward and one aft of coterprises, 17 were Government and even 4 kv. have been adopted. along the south quay of the Canal and in sotho cases titanium is used batch is served with two electric plauts, and 14 are used for indus Projects exist for building a large trial power supply. In 1917 only Chinese power transmission system,

for this purpose and is said to be winches. Space for motor-cars is 10 power plants were in existence, and some sections of it have a Strauss type were erected, one on

provided on the main deck in tho and this growth is of great interest ready been constructed. These are the lower head of the function chan find that, following upon Tillis's trianlly operated and hand steering It is consequently interesting to forward well. The windlass is elec

nel, the other on the upper head process for the treatment of al-genr is arranged on the navigating of Kruisschins Lock. They have auminium by boron trichloride, tita bridge An Oertz length of 35 metres (114.4 fost). nium and certain of its compounds der is fitted

Three dry docke di quay 45, were completed by the end of 1920, as was the case with two more dry docks owned by the Mercantile Marine Engineering Co.

| OVER SEVEN HUNDRED POWER PLANTS

Dock,

Two new cantilever bridges of the

Works Under Construction.

very satisfactory,

rud-

closed and fitted with Beclewat windows. The dining saloon is also arranged on this deck and portable deck chairs are provided. Ton holds will be used for heavy lug gage and racks have been fitted on

to British manufacturers. The

the sections between Teishugen, Wu total output of Chiness power plant sik, and Changshow, and aim at is about 840,000 kw.; one-third of this plant is used in industrial conacting Nanking to Shanghai plants, and a great part of the and Haugchow. The system will,

have recently been employed to re- The accommodation balance for electric light supplies, unfortunately, not be built in the

0 for 350, first. move gases from aluminium and

class passengers is provided on the By comparing the outputs of dif-ear future, as the present political

some aluminium alloys. If, for in-slide deck, the fore end being en- conditions of the country are ton ferent plants with the number of

stance, liquid titanium tetrach such plants it can be seen that the

unstable.

loride be introduced into either privata Chinese companies general-

Power supply in the small Chi-

molten Y-alloy or 1 12 per cent ly possers station with only a ewali nese towns and even in large cities Works under construction at pre- silicon-aluminium alloy, the sound Gutput. These plants are 720 per carious conditions."

is often made under very present include six metallic sheds, two ness of the resulting castings is cant, of the total, but their out-

Cables are new bridges over the channel be-

tween the Kettendyk and Lumber improved owing to the remova. of put is only. 24.7 per cent. of the mostly of insuficient section, and Docks, a new dock between the gases. A somewhat more remark the shade deck for hand luggage. total available output. The largest the resulting voltage drop is so Canal Dock and the River Scheldt, able, effect, however, has also been On the upper deck teak seats are and mest modern power station large that a better light can be five dolphins in Canal Dock C, a cheerved. Side by side with this arranged for 850 third-class passen

btained by using candles or petrol 10 (second wet dock), and removal of gas goes a refinement ger belong to foreign enterprises, for

partition wall in the shed on Quay

although they only, ropresent 4.8.

lamps. In some cases voltages of repairs to the walls of the shed. of the crystal grain size of the al- The propelling machinery, con- per cent, of the total their output to 10 volts were obtained inatend The cost of the port, works com- is 32.7 per cent, of the total out of the 18ted 920 volts. Customers pleted in 1830 is placed at 01.180,000 loys, with the result that their me-structed by the Aktiebolaget Atlas Belgian francs, and it is estimated chanical and working properties Diesel of Stockholm, Sweden; and put. Among these plants the lar- attempt to solve the problem by that those under construction at are improved. Strange to say, installed by The Hong Kong and gest is the power station of the city using bulbs with a lower rated present will cost 134,200,000 frames. of Shanghai, controlled by Ameri-voltage, but this method of improv disbursed in part payment of these parently refined by this particular of two sets of Atlee six-cylinder The sum of 33,900,000 franes was pure aluminium itself is not ap. Whaaipon Dock Co., Ltd., consists can interests, with an output of ing the conditions is a further cause contracts in 1930. The city, under reagent, although analysis of the direct reversible, two-cycle airless 140,000 kw. Nearly all the Chinest of the increase in voltage drop. its own administration, had exten-treated ingot reveals that some of injection full diesel marine engines. power plants are operated by fuel, The connection of electric motors or sive road and sewerage works done as of the available water-power re other electric apparatus to such net-nel and on the north and south decomposed. Tianium, metal will, 750 b.hp at 220 revolutions per on the quays of the junction chan the titanium compound has beenThe designed power of each set is sources of 20,000,000 h.p. only 1 per work is, of course, impossible, and quays of the extended Canal Docks

explains to a large extent the very B and C. An area of 100,980 square however, bring about a reduction minute. All deck and engine-room rare use of electric drives in China. metres (131,500 square yards) was of the crystal size of pure alumi auxiliaries are electrically driven. The Chinese Government has af paved and 6,720 metres (22,000 feet) nium, and about 0.12 per cent is current at 230 volts being provided

of sewer pipe laid. These works tempted to improve the present con- necessitated an outlay of 17,400,000 sufficient to secure the desired re-by one "Skandis (single cylinder ditions by introducing laws and re

franca. (One Belgian franc is equi- sult. It may be added to the melt crude oil engine coupled to a 8 kr. valent to approximately 80.0278.)" in the form of a titanium-alumi Dynamo. gulations for electric power supply

Since the opening of the North nium alloy prepared by the Ther and its distribution, but these re- Docks the port installations com- gulations only make the further prise the roadstend with, 5,600 mit process. development of this branch of metres (about 3 miles) of quays; This grain-refining process by often have, a coarse crystal grain

25 docks, of which 17 are for mari- Chinese industry impossible. New time shipping and 5 for inland ship means of a chemical treatment size. With iron, of course, the laws will be drawn up by the ping, offering a total length of prior to casting is somewhat of a situation is to some extent compli National Construction Commission quays of £7,500 metres (about 15 metallurgical novelty, and no excated by the fact that this metal of the National Government of miles), and 10 dry docks owned byplanation has yet been given of the undorgios an a:lotropic transformon.

the city, and 2 owned by the Mer China and will doubtless help the cantile Marine Engineering & Grav-effect. When a theory to take into tion, accompanied by recrystallin- work done in this direction by ini. }ing Docks Q5,

account various observations which tion, at a temperature of about The quay area along the Scheldt come to mind relating to the gas 000dog. C. portant Chinese companies under

The addition of silicon is provided with both open, and content and crystal size of certain the guidance of foreign experts closed sheds, railway lines along metals. It may, therefore, be of modifies the transformation tex~, The Commission will stipulate on the river on both sides of the sheds, interest to indicate what has al-peraturo, until with a few per cent der what conditions new power and movable cranes. plants may be erected in China, southern extremity of the river

The petroleum installations at the ready been noted in this direction. of silicon the allotropic change will give a ruling on the utilisation quays cover an area of 63.80 hec of large single crystals of iron, Eder

lu their work on the production grain size variations therefore dis of the national water-power re tares (167.7 acres) belonging to the pity, as well as the herthing pier. sources, control private enterprices The tanks, numbering 261, are pri as well as those of different pro-vate property. Besides the tanks vinces, and will facilitate the con- there are storehouses and work struction of new power, plants un-shops covering an area of 702 der Government supervision, such quare metres (nearly 19 acres).

Shipping Tramo Decline During

cent, is útilised;

-Precarious Power Supply. Bulk power supply throughout the country is virtually unknown, The electric power being as a rule delivered to customers by short transmission linen or cable net-

'COLORCRETE

ANTI-GLARE ·

COLOURED

SNOWCRETE WHITE

FERROCRETE RAPID HARDENING

PORTLAND CEMENT

SOLE AGENTS

STOCKS CARRIED,

DODWELL & CO.,

QUEEN'S BUILDING

CO., LTD.

HONG KONG,

¿PHONE 28021;

as those at Nanking, Tsiahugen 2

and Handlow.

on Grystal Grain.

longer exists, and one factor in

Wards and Pfeil record that sucess appears. Yonson, however, has res attended their efforts only when cently expressed the view that the mild steel decarburised by long alotropy of iron in itsolf, due to annealing in hydrogen was used, even minuto traces of impurity, Since that time, Gries and Esser some of which may bo in the form The reason for this was not known.

have found that dissolved oxygen of gas dissolved in the metal. has a controlling influence upon the | growth of farge iron crystals. If the

Further examples of an asaccin Entrances at the port durice oxygen content is greater than tion between gas content and grain Existing manufacturing com 1930 totalled 11,002 vessels of 0.040 per cent, then single crystals site are to be found in electro-de- panies are not very important as 23465,000 tons, as against 11,56% of ra not produced by the recrystal posited metals. Many years ago 24,325,000 tons in the preceding lisation method. It seems posible, nrule being largely subsidiarics year.

therefore, that the decarburisation Stead and Carpenter demonstrated of important American, British, or The British fing still maintained in hydrogen performed by Edwards that electrolytic iron simulated a Japanese firms, and producing only place, with 4,110 vessels of and Ffoil was concerned to some cold-worked material in that it 7,522,000 tons (4,504 of 9,300,000 extent with the removal of oxygen electric bulbs, small switchgear, tons in 1920. The German flag like from the meta. It may also be would recrystalice and undergo fuses, etc. Japan exports to China wise retained second place, with recalled that Austin reported the grain growth by heating to tem- large quantities of cheap products, 30,000 tons in 1929). The iron crystals during the decarburi fron exhibited no such effects Dis-

2,025 vessels of 5,450,000 tons (2.150 production of large columnar” peratures at which ordinary, puro- and will very likely keep this mar Netherland fag maintained third sation of steel by hydrogen. ket for some years ahead, but the place with 945 vessels of 1,050,000 Another instance is provided by sent in electrolytic metals, and it solved hydrogen is likely to be pre- ¿quipment of the power stations tons (889 of 1,987,000 tons in 1929) the material known as stallor, has bcal proved that the hardest was chiefly ruppited by the United the French fourth, with 616 vessels which is essentially an alloy of of chromium deposita has a very of 1,798,000 tons: (516 of 1,790.000 iron and silicon Dossessing high high hydrogen content and at the States, Great Britain, and, in some toza in 1929) the Belgian fifth, magnetic permeability. The latter same time; ap extremely fine crystal cases, by Germany, Sweden, Swit with 720 vessels of 1,410,000 tons property is known in iron to be

grain size. The high hardnces serland, and France, Germany is (83% of 1,440,000 tons in 1029; and favoured by a low oxygen content values have frequently been necribed the Norwegian sixth, with 631 ves- of the metal, and for this reason to the latter condition but there at present one of the most danger sels of 1,216,000 tons (638 of 884.000 ouum melting has heen recomare grounds for believing that both cus competitors? on the Chinese tone in 1920). The American flacmended in order to obtain the best properties are due to the gas con market for Ameri

crican and British ranked eighth in tonnage, and ninth permeability results. The viderice tent of the motal Evidence Fis electrical products, and he is makin number of vessels, with 187 ves generaly suggests that siliconen available to show that the crystal

este plicat 000605-1900 and 360 sure the memlat much of the ormaimed for has no me ing strenuous attempts to increase of 710.000 tons in 1029, Sygen from the iron. The interutalse effect upon its Brinell hard-

electrica

her exporta

to China

Of the 20,003 ships that clearedesting fact next to be noticed is nesa, Vacuuin annealing will, from the port in 1930, 9.204 left that materials like sfalloy very however, produce a marked, soften- →with cargo and 1,789 left in ballast.” (Oojstinued on nezi Odluhm.ding effect.