1931-06-13 — Page 2

HONG KONG DAILY PRESS, SATURDAY, JUNE 13, 1931,

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HOW GREEN ISLAND CEMENT IS MADE

Green Island Cement is manufactured from hard limestone and clay. It is necessary that these materials should be finely ground in order that they may come into intimate contact with one another in the burning process.

The finely pulverised materials "are mixed in a certain definite proportion, roughly one part of clay to three of limestone, and are fed to the Rotary Kilnė..

In these kilns they meet the hot gases and flames generated by pulverised coal blown in at the other end of the kilns, and after various chemical actions have taken place, they combine to form Portland Cement Clinker.

The Clinker is ground down with a small percentage of gypsum" to regulate the setting time, and Green Island Portland Cement is thus produced.

Although sounding so simple, in reality the process is an intricate combination of mechanical, physical and chemical operations, needing great skill and care. Nothing but constant and accurate supervision will yield the results so well-known with Green Island Cement, namely, strength, uniformity and reliability.

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ENGINEERING AND BUILDING

SOME THOUGHTS ON THE FUTURE ELECTRIFICATION OF CHINA.

SWEEPING PLANS OF A GREAT GERMAN SCIENTIST.

tion Commission fully hears out his forecast as to the electric require ments of the country, provided that peace, accurity and guarantees for capital are forthcoming.

Pesce Essential.

»

Chinese By No Moans Asleep, it was not for this restriction, the It is interesting to note that the Fushun plant could supply the city Chinese are by no means asleep to of Mukden and all the other Chi- those immediate possibilities of nose cities and towns in South Mon. water power development that pro-churia at costs probably far below miso adequate returria in capital what consumers are now paying for invested. Perhaps the most im- similar service from the local portant of these ichomes is the one

Chinose plants. for harnessing the Yung River in Kwangtung Province: a source of power sufficient to supply not only the requirements of the City of Canton, but to electrify the whole If foreign capital is to parti province. This is an old project, cipate in this development, the re-which has been investigated and re- gulations

governing privato elec-ported upon by various engineers Plans of prodigious proportions for supplying entire countries trical enterprises in China will during the past fifteen years. The and oven' continents with electric power by linking together the

have to be repealed, or revised, as main obstacle to embarking on the power distribution systems of separated areas are now being pro-

at present such "participation is undertaking has been the lack of of South Manchuria. On the other. posed, writes Mr. Geo: Bronson Roa in the Far Eastern Review.

prohibited. "As China settles down an adequate demand for current, hand, the time will come, when the At the World Power Conference held last year. in Berlin, Dr.

and emerges from the present wave but as the requirements of Canton growth of population and develop Oskar Oliven, president of one of the most important utility hold-of intense nationalism that in are yearly increasing, the projectment of industries in Manchuria, ing companies in Europe presented a plan that would tie together fluences the drafting of anti-foreign has again come up for serious con. River, a project that has already will justify harnessing the Yaki all the sources of energy in the Continent. into one vast super- regulation and is a little more sure aideration. power network, so that each source shall contribute as it were to of herself, these laws will probably a common reservoir.

POLITICS THE DIFFICULTY.

These super-power systems are already working successfully in various parts of the world, but Dr. Oliven's plan is the first to combine them all into one great continental unit..

period, Japan has increased her from 1,500 kw. (in 1900) to over total capacity of generating plants

5,000,000 in 1927. One Japaness

company alone (The Tokyo Electric Light Co.) last year supplied 750,000 kw. and its capital stood at Y.407,148,000.

i

Some day, China and Japan will find-a-pormanent solution-to-these- delicate political problems that will. ensure peace and stability to Mand churin. If, and when, some such compromiso is arrived at, it is within the realms of possibility that the Fushun Power Plant will become the centre of a super power system that will embrace the whole

be shelved.

Mr. J. N. Jensson, a Canadian received careful attention from be repealed, but until that time hydro-electris engineer » represent

Japanese experts, who report that arrives, it is extremely unlikely ing the Fraser Brace Engineering until the demand for power rises that any serious foreign invester Corporation of Montreal, recently to certain point, the project must will hazard his capital in creating apent some time" investigating this

One of the most important elec The Electrical Age.

undertakings where the power of project for the Canton authorities. control is denied to him and which and submitted a detailed report trification possibilities in China is The brilliant plan advanced by

may be sized and incorporated into and estimate of the costs of in-centered on the Kailan Mines, Dr. Oliven will probably never be

the state electrical grid, without stallation, based on an initial plant where conditions are somewhat realized, until national rivalries

similar to those existing in Fushun. and jealousies are buried in a new

adequate compensation. It is in of 60,000 kw.. capacity.

In addition to this scheme, the The Kailan Mining Administration pact creating the United States of

teresting to note, however, that cor thin well defined power schertes are National Construction Commission is already carrying out the electri- fication of its own railway tran- Europe, a movement, however, that

being evolved and which in due timis is carrying out the proliminary:] is already underway. "On the other'

will undoubtedly be carried out studies for two, large hydro-electric sport facilities between the miner hand, Dr. Oliven's plan 'is only one In order to supervise the electric The work of the National Construc plants, one for harnessing the and its shipping port at Chinwang of the many probable developments power undertakings in China adtion Commission in developing the Yangtze River at Sanhsien above to. This acheme might easily he in the next decade, a look ahend intelligently direct the future cleo-Nanking, Trishuyen and the Hang- Ichang and the other at Lungmen expanded, to take in an important along sang and conservative lines trification of the country the chow Central Power Stations clear on the Yellow River. The Commis section of the Peiping-Liaoning that will bring electrification into National Government created the ly indicates the efficiency of its sion is also collecting records and Railway, and supply the cities of every home, farm and factory, National Construction Commissien supervision as far as actual operat data concerning the rise and fall Tientsin and Peking with light and creating robots, that will automatize with full powers to regulate the ing results are concerned.

of other large rivers in the country power: Here again, questions simi many industries and services now erection of all future electric power It seems a pity that in designing in order to determine.on the build- lar to those which complicato, performed by human labour. As a plants. In addition to its general and carrying out a power schema ing of electric power plants at other the future of the Fushun Power matter of fact, we are now only supervisory functions, this Com for the Kiangsu and Chekiang re suitable sites. Asido, however, from Flant make difficult the realisation on the threshold of the Electrical mission drew up an-ambitious pro-gions, the Chinese have deliberately tho Yung River project in Kwang. of such a scheme, The Chinese are Age, glimpsing some of the great gramme of. nation-wide electrifica-isolated the great Shanghai Powar tung and some minor sites in now carrying on an agitation for possibilities that the future holds tion to be carried out in the five plant, which is the natural and Fukien and Chekiang, there are few the purchase of the Kailan pro- out for mechanizing, standardizing periods of five years each. The first most economic central station in the available water powers in the coun-perties, and it is hardly possible and improving our present methods period provides for the installation territory, as well as one of the best try, where the demand would that they will consent to any fur- of production. Electrification of of 607,000 kw. at a cost of $310,013,003 managed plants of its kind in the justify their dovelopment. The in-ther extensions of the company's railways will go forward on a scale (silver) while at the end of the whole world.

dustrialization of the Wu-ban cities activities along lines that conflict unprecedented in order to reduce fifth period the total generating

The development of this plant will in time justify the project for with their own plans for national operating costs to compete with the capacity is placed at 5,000,000 kw. from a little one horse station on harnessing the Yangtze above development. As indicated by Dr. newer and larger types of buses representing an installation cost of Fearon Road into one of the largest Ichang, and the erection of a large mines axist in China, where it and aircraft. Coal mines, natural 82,683,000,000 China proses to and most efficiently operated power power plant that will electrify thewould be profitable to install power gas and peat deposits and all avail. accomplish in the next 5 years, plants in the world is a matter of Liang Bu provinces. able water power sources will be what Japan' did in the last quarter great pride and satisfaction to the tilized to furnish electric current century. At first glance, the pro-international community of Shang for feeding into great national gramme seems far-fetched and idea-hai, representing as it does, the con- super power systems. Dr. Oliven listic, but if we assume a twenty-five tinued support, faith and loyalty has given us some idea of what this year period of peace in China, the will mean when all the present industrial needs and advance of the power systems of Europe are com- country will fully justify such

bined in one stupendous continental grid, assured at all times of a con- stant supply and pressure at low cost."

Japan.

programme.

A German Plan..

In any study of China's advance in electrification, it in well to give

4

.

Manchuria.

Several promising electrification schemes might be realized by erecting power stations at various

Dettmar in his report, other confl

plants for electrifying their own

current to such towns and villager transportation needs and supplying that can be economically, reached.

Brillant Field for the Electrical Engineer,

In summing up, we agree with

of the ratepayers in the little group conl mines throughout the country. of engineers who year by year on The possibilities of such electrifica- larged, expanded and improved the tion are seen in the big power Dr. Dettmar in that China offers plant to its present proud and en-development in the Fushun Mines viable position in the electrical'

in Manchuria. By utilizing un- world.

Shanghai.

a brilliant field for the electrical

-Asia, (excluding Japan) is just entering the first stages of linking up her scattered lighting and power plants into small power systems, visited China Inst year as amem. 1 of those who built it up to its pre. thurian system are electrided and and the increased needs of the small

and there is much to be done before this continent can dream of execut», ing plans such as having been sue- cessfully carried out in Europe and

marketable waste and 'powdered i engineer and although progress will coal, the Fushun Power Plant has be slow it will be steady. For the consideration to the points em- This plant, developed as a muni become the second largest unit in next few years, developments must phasized by Dr. Dettmar in his cipal enterprise, was purchased in China, with the prospect of even be largely confined to expanding report on conditions in this coun-1929 by the Shanghai Power Compassing the Shanghai Power existing plants and installing other

Plant in its output. All the rail- | try. Dr. Dettmar, one of the fore any, an American concern which ways connected with the mines and small units throughout the country, most electrical axperts of Germany,

has adhered to the general policy even, part of the main South Man- but astime goes on industrialization supplied with current from this consumer will call for larger plants station. Only the limitations erest and their incorporation into loca! ed by international politics and and provincial grids that are bound

any further encroachments on her in other countries. Everything de- China's determination to obstruct to develop along the same lines as own industrial development, pre-mends upon internal pence, and

largest power centre in China. The a central government. Given this plant, being a part of the 5.3.R. guarantee, development will be system, is confined to supplying rapid, notwithstanding the obstacles mower and current to the railway that have been created by Chau zone and the mining concession. If vinistic legislation.

ber of the German Industrial sent prominence. The plant stands as a monubient of administrative Mission and conducted a inost thorough investigation of the pos- and technical efficiency for the sibilities of the market for German guidance of the Chinese in develop

America. Japan, however, has fully electric machinery manufacturers.ing their own super-power systems, vent Fushun from becoming the the stabilization of authority under

griả, that will ta by bae or two big corporations."

the International Settlement. Even under this restriction, its fature is assured, as the industrial growth | of Shanghai and the increased 'use. of electricity in the shops and

availed herself. of her splendid

His report submitted to the Group It may be possible as time goes on water powers, creating a system of

of German Industrialists lays stress to eliminate it as a factor in the hydro-electric plante reinforced by steam power plants that will supply on many obstacles that must be grand national scheme of electrifies her with cheap power for many overcome before Chius can hope totion and confine it in a water-tight years to come. So rapid has been extend her present power supply compartment serving the needs of this development, and so intense the along the lines laid down in the competition for territory that wo programmes of the National Con-

struction Commission. are now witnessing the elimination

Aside from the minor and per of many smaller power plants, by

hapa remediable hindrances to the amalgamation, purchase or incor-

profitable operation of electrical homes of the city, will steadily in- poration into the larger companie, plants in China, the main obstacle crease its output. It will survive the gradual linking up of all thesa systems into one huge national to any rapid growth of power all political complications and con systems is the absence of a demand, tique to justify the faith of inves will in time bo controlled that can be created only by the Fors in its abares and securities, industrial growth of the country, no matter how many independent Programme for Uhina. A cortain sure and gradual dovetop- plants are created by the Chinese With this tendency before us, we ment of existing plants can be lookin adjacent territories. It is on a can begin to appreciate and under-ed for in the increase of the re safe and firm footing. It is a stand something of the grandiose quirements for house lighting, ven-source of general regret, that this

Oxample of modern en dreams of the National Constructilating fans and minor motors splendid tion Commission in laying down a There are also many cities, townsgineering cannot be utilized as the programme for the future electrifica- and villeges that can afford the major central power station of the tion of China. Due to many causes, luxury of electric light instead of greater grid for the electrification China has not kept, pace with the candle, and oil illumination; and of the two lower Yangtze and Che rest of the world in constructive there are several good possibilities kiang Provinces and it is to be effort. Less than 600,000 kw. have for the use of power in coal mines, hoped that as political conditions been installed in the past thirty especially in transporting the pro-are clarified in China and the years and this total is made up by duct to the main transportation power of Nanking becomes stabiliz SOTIB 578 scattered generating lines. Dr. Dettmar's report while ed and consolidated that some plants, representing an investment emphasizing, thế

bo arrived at drawbacks to de Arrangement can be of approximately Tanis. 140,000,000, velopment, on the whole is optimis whereby the Chinese will become Anis inequce the Shanghai Power tie as to the gradual and steady, closer associated with an enterprise. Plant with an installed capacity of improve coat of the market for whose co-operation, will ensure to them that fuccess which their plans 101,000 kw, and an jinvestment of equipment and accessories. The pro- for the development of their coun Taels 80,000,000

the same gramme of the National Construc- try merite.

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