1931-06-10 — Page 6

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HONG KONG DAILY PRESS, WEDNESDAY, JUNE 10, 1931.

THE ELECTRON AND THE ATOM.

MR. J. D. BUTCHER'S ADDRESS ON "ELECTRICITY !!

LIFE AND ELECTRICITY CLOSELY RELATED.

Mr. J. D. Butcher, C.E.E. LEE, A.M.I.M.E., manager of the Hong Kong Electric Company, gave an interesting address on "Electricity" at the Rotary Club luncheon at Lane, Crawford's Restaurant yesterday.

Mr. Butcher since 1902 has been connected with the Central London Railway, St. Pancras Borough Council (Generating Station), Memors. J. H. Holmes & Co. (London), Messrs. Marryat & Place (London); North Metropolitan Electric Power Distribution Co. (Maine Engineer and Clerk of Works), and Messrs. Siemons Bros., Dynamo Works, Limited. With the Inst-named firm he spent ten years in the erection of important plants at H.M. Dockyards at Gibraltar and Hong Kong among other places, He has also been chief electrical engineer of the Dockyard, controlled by the Singapore Harbour Board.

The meeting was presided over by Sir William Hornell. ·

Electrially in Hong Kong.

I have hitherto confined my re marks to the more theoretical side of electricity but the practical 'and' | by for the commonest way of pro- ducing or manifesting electricity is by means of steain engines or steam turbines which drive eithor dynamos- generating what are known as con- tinuous currents or alternators generating what are known #B alternating currents. Here in Bong Kong we generato alternating currents at high pressure in the Power Station at North Point and it is sent all over Hong Kong At this high pressure (for economy's. enke) and then transformód down to low pressure for lighting heating and power purposes.

After dealing with the machinery. in a power plant, the speaker went on to trace the history of the glow lamp and gave details of the early. experiments by Addison and Swan. Speaking of the modern Neon

“STUFF OF WHICH MATTER IS MADE."lights, Mr, Butcher said:

In the course of his address, Mr.

Perhaps this is getting rather too Butcher said:First of all-what is deep but when a stream of electrons electricity It is not so very bombard any form of matter they long ago since the average minn give rise to the phenomenon known was content to know that tele- as X rays. These rays we look phones, the telegraph, electric upon as waves in a similar to tram-cars and so on were just the waves of wireless in fact they worked by elecrticity" but now differ from these wireless, waves only that it has become a part of in the fact that wireless waves are our everyday life there are many long whereas X rays are exceedingly people who are not satisfied with short. It was found possible to such a vague idea. It is not by any arrange "the elements in a definite means an easy matter to explain order according to the wave lengths in simple language the modern of the X rays they emitted. These theory as to what electricity really numbers are known as the atomic is but if you will bear with me if I numbers and they correspond, net

Though a comparatively ráre gas Neon is obtained in considerable quantities as a by-product in the liquification of oxygen from the atmosphere. It is used in high tension lampa similar to the 3foore, tube and the lamps may be bent. into words or letters which you have probably seen in the streets, of Hong Kong. The electrical pressure may be up to 18,000 volts which is obtained from transformers stepping up the supply pressure. The natural colour of acon is colour can be obtained by the intro- orange red but practically ang

duction of other gases combined with coloured tubing.”

with the innumerable ways in which Mr. Butcher then went on to deal

I plunge rather deeply I will putly with the periodic and atomic electricity is applied to-day.

arrangement of the elements as pro-"Ether-Universal Connecting Link. pounded, originally by Dalton, the English chemist, in 1803

Concluding his address, Mr. Butcher said...

Electricity is Atomic,

This brief talk on

electricity shows what a huge field it covers Electricity is therefore atomic in and if I may do so I will quote structure-the mass or weight of the again from Bir Oliver Lodge whe electron is entirely an electrical sys: "The ether of space is a effort and is due solely to the clec-infinite magnitude and of a reality themy of unknown and apparently trical charge which it chrries. The electron therefore constitutes a real atom of electricity.*

it in as simple language as possible. We make use of electricity in almost numberless ways, but, strict. ly speaking, we do not yet know what it is. You have probably heard of that most wonderful some thing called ether which pervades all space and through which it is possible to send wireless waves from one end of the world to the other It is more than likely that' electricity will one day be proved to be this ETHER in a particular of ether, says: "If the ordinary Sir Oliver Lodge, again speaking kind of motion. But even then we masses of matter are composed of are as far off as ever in being electrons and if the electrons are able to define electricity nie we do

so small that most of the matter is not even know what ether is Sir mere emptiness (ie, na in the plane Oliver-Lodge-says-The ether-of- space is the connecting link betweentary sytem) while yet we know that matter may be as dense as lead the material and the spirituál worlds. In the material world it or gold or platinum. it is evidence ia the fundamental substantial be of enormous debaity and that that the particles themselves must reality. In the spiritual world the that density must belong to the Realities of Existence are other ether of which they are made. and far higher; but still the ether is made use of in ways which at presont we can only surmise." We can therefore only try to picture tiny portions of other which are set into a rapid vortex motion and thesis that everywhere the ether this vortex motion is what we call is under a pressure represented a unit of electricity-it is nothing by 10.83 lbs. (10 followed by 33 but some of this mysterious ether noughts)-a figure Impossible to in motion. So far this seems to be the only reasonable explanation.

Electrons,

I advocate it is enormously deaser than any form of matter just a million million times that of water I shall make this further hypo-

visualise. Granting this pressure the existence of an electron can be understood.. We can reckon that it is this pressure which holds the charge together in the atom. The weight of matter therefore depends on the protons which form the nucleus of the atom: If it ever

beyond, the present conception of material consists,, a link between man. It is that of which every day

the worlds, a consummate substance

universe and is absent from no part of overpowering grandeur. It is co-extensive with the physical of space: Beyond the furthest star it extends; in the heart of the atom it bas its being. It permeates and controls and dominates all. Ether is the universal connecting link force. But though it is the seat of. the transmitter of overy kind of all electric forces, ether is not though our "electric electricity

properties and is the vehicle of charge must be composed of it. Ether has electrical and magnetic. gravitation and of light. It welds the planets into a solar system, it it holds the atoms together. It is unites the parts of an atom and the seat of prodigious energies energies beyond anything, as yet accessible to Man, Over great realms of space thers is nothing. else. In one form we call such in dividualised unit an electron and we know that of auch unite the atoms of matter are made, Wc know that all the bodies we see and handle are but elaborate and beautifully organised coterica of positive and negative electrons held together. by the medium of which themselves consist: The World, the Stars, the Heavens, are nothing eles. The mystery of existence 13 lose upon us here. Ether is tho vehicle of Soul, the habitation of primary instrument of Mind, the Spirit" I have quoted this passage

These partioles or units of elec- tricity are known as ELECTRONS. They are not particles of matter but they are part of the other of which matter is made. Electrons bosomes possible to disintegrate the in extenso ad it seems to me far

have been likened to knots on á

piece of string. A knot is not a foreign body on the string like a bead; it is composed of string in a particular configuration and yet it is not like the rest of the string; it has a structure and identity of is own. In a similar way elec tricity is probably composed of ether, but ether in a special forma or configuration. The modern idea of an atom of matter is-somewhat like a miniature planetary system. In this analogy the solid part of the planét represents a central core

from impossible or unlikely that atom it may be the means of pro-time will prove that electricity and doeing stupendous forces-forces life are very closely related. greater than anything oven dreamed about at present,

Why Pay for It?

How Electrify la Produced,

Mr. L. CF Bellamy "In thanking Mr. Butcher for his sort of an iden' as to what electricity to read a definition of electricity Having therefore arrived at some admirable address, I would like consists of the next thing to con-which I armed myself with this sider is how it is produced,

morning: The manifestation of

tricity; we merely make manifest the separation and the independent We never really generate elec- a form of energy probably due to

what has always bean pre-existent. movement of certain constituent We merely put into motion--in a parts of atoms called electrons. If dynamo or an alternator driven by these electrons are regarded as con- a steam engine or turbine or water sisting off electrio charges only, wheel-electrons and this motion is then electricity may be defined as what we call an electric current, the stuff of which matter is It is nothing more or less than the made."

K. M. A.

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of positive electricity called handing, along of electrons from "If it is the stuff of which matter PROTON and around this proton one atom to another. These is made," said Mr. Bellamy, "I circle elliptically (as in a planetary electrons can be masored and their don't see why we should pay for system) the negative electrons. So have found that electrons are bodies Mr. Butcher for the excellent ad- apced determined and physicists it." (Laughter). I want to thank

all particles of matter are composed for smaller than the smallest atom dress which it has been our prive, of atoms and each atom is composed of matter. Even if there were alege to hear (Applause) of nothing but charges of olee thousand of them in the atom they. It was announced yesterday that would not be in the least crowded; Mr. A. L. Shields, owing to pres tricity.

there would be plenty of empty sure of work, asked to be allowed: An atom of hydrogen consists of space, Different atoms are now to resign from the Programme Com- one nucleus proton, particle around knorn to be composed of a different mittes. He would, however, on- which circles one electron. An atom number of electrons and by their tinue to serve on the Committet. ** of gold or of iron or of tin different number and grouping they Sir William Hornell, in making similarly consists of nuclef made up constitute the different chemical the announcement, thanked Mr. of protons and electrons (some of elemente. The actual atom of mat Shields for the cellent work he the electrons boing "free") and ter has its substance determined by had done for the Rotary Club. satellite alotrons, the number of the grouping together of various This statement was greeted with these difctrons being 19, 20 and 60 numbers of these protons and load applatite s respectively, 6.4, equivalent strange plectrons and that is what is mantle we announced that Mr. J. L. THE HONGKONG.DAILY PRESE, LÆD Jy enough to the atomic numbers by saying that the whole of matter MacPherson, had, agreed to serve of these: elements,

is electrically constituted.""

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