1930-06-25 — Page 5

SIMON COMMISSION'S REPORT ON INDIA.

HOPEFUL ADVANCE IN SOLUTION OF INDIAN PROBLEM.

INDIAN POLITICIANS AND PRESS DISAPPOINTED.

THROUGH REUTER'S AGENCY.]

LONDON, June 23.

The comments in the inorning papers deal generally with the broad outlines of the Simon Com mission. The plan of a federal solution is generally approved and the necessity of eventually bringing in the Indian States, is recognised, while no opposition is expressed to the separation of Burma, which was expected.

The articles do not express res gret at the proposed extinction of the dyarchy.

On the Report's general pro- posals; however, the opinion is not unanimous, for while the Times describes it as the most hopeful advance of our generation toward the solation of the problem of India, the Daily Herald, "which is frankly critical, considers that the Commission has evailed the main issue and that its proposals are not for self-governinent.

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Conservative papers are gratia- ed that the importance of the Army question is realised, though they consider that the suggested solution will require close serutiny, and doubts are expressed at the wisdom of the proposals regarding law and order in the provinces. "

Indian Politicians Disappointed. SIMLA, June 24. Reports hitherto received from various parts of India show that the recommendations of the Simon Statutory Commission have caused general disappointment among "In dian Boliticians and in the Indian Press. Even the Liberal organ, the Allahabad Leader, describes them as "repulsive."

An Atrocious Document."

BOMBAY, June 24. The Congress attitude is typified by a headline in the Bombay "An atrocious doeut- hranicie,

ment.'

[BRITISH WIRELESS SERVICE)

RUGBY, June 23 The second volume of the In- dian Statutory Commission's Re- port esatning recommendations for a new constitutional achete in India.

In their main proposals the Commissioners are unanimous, and the recommendations provide for an elaborate and detailed scheme covering the whole field of the vast constitutional problem of India.

Central Feature of Constitutional Scheme.

3

The central feature of the scheme is the reorganisation of the con- stitution of British India on federal basis, and in such a way that the individual Indian states or groups of states may enter when they wish.

Those who have to work a tem- porary constitution tend inevitably to fix their minds on the future instead of the present. The in- elasticity of the limits and the tem- porary scheme is been a great disadvantage in to large a coun- try as India, where province dif fers so much from province,

Indian Bulars' Pride In Historic Position.

But it is absolutely clear that the Indian states cannot be com- pelled to come into any close rela- tionship with British India. The Indian rulers are naturally proud of their historic position and their rights have been repeatedly ne knowledged. At the same time they recognise more and more the need for adjusting their future relation. ship to the rest of India.

While we think it possible in the provincial sphere to make very full provision in the constitution for growth and development with out the necessity of seeking new po-

The Commissioners believe they wers from the British Parliament, will only be too ready to come into and while we desire to give acope a larger whole when they can see for the ane principle of growth that their rights and position will at the centre, there are circum-be safeguarded. If the principle stances in the latter case which limit they have laid down is valid, it in the extent to which this can be done evitably follows that the ultimate now. The ultimate, form of Central constitution of India must be feder- Government depends on a number lal, for it is only in a federal con- of factors which cannot be fully stitution that units differing known at present.

widely in constitution as the pro- vinces and the states can be brought together while retaining internal autonomy.

Ultimate Goal of British Policy... Consideration of what should be the ultimate goal of British policy in India, in pursuance of the de- claration of August 20, 1997, leads the Commission to lay down the arcond principle that any constitu tional changes now recommended for British India must have regard to future development when India as a whole, and not merely British India, will take her place among constituent states of the common- wealth of nations, under the Crown. I There are practical as well as theoretical reasons for so planning the structure of the Indian Gov- ernment that the transition to truly ali-India policy be made as soon as the time is ripe.

out

Defence Tariffs-Communications.

The Commissioners point. that it is India, not British India, which is a member of the League of Nations, and after describing Basis of Federal Structure.

the geographical; political and The existing provinces, excluding economic unity of India, they say Burma, should be the basis of the that on close examination it will federal structure. They should be be found that there are few subjects given the maximum measure of au- which should form the field of activ- tonomy. This involves the abolition ity of the Central Government of of the dynreby. Important modifi. India which do act in fact interest cations in the form and funeticas also Indian states. An outstanding of the provincial executives and example is defense. Other illustra legislatures are recommended. The tions are tariffs and communica- Commission has not found it postions and social matters such as sible to make unanimous recommen the prevention of the spread of dations on the desirability or other wise of the establishment of second. chambers in the provinces..

epidemics,

Indian Nationality. Moreover, unity imposed upon General Frinciples of Proposals.

India by the external forces of Part of the Report is devot-Great Britain is to-day reinforced ed to a statement of the general by the increasing sense of Indian principles of the proposals. The nationality. It has only been the first principle laid down is that existence of British rule in India that has rendered such develop the new constitution should, as far as possible, contain within itselfment possible. Provision for its own development, The Government of India Act pro vided for an inquiry upon the work ing of the reformed constitution after ten years, but the Commission says this method is quite foreign to the spirit of constitutional do velopment as understood and ap- plied elsewhere in the Empire.

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Future of a Federation. It might be possible to visualise the fatore of a federation in In- dia, the bringing into relationship of two separato federations, one composed of the elements which make up British India, the other of the Indian States.. Evidence from the rulers of the Indian States has not yet been received, however, and this is recognised as one of the matters which may be discussed when the proposed conference takes place.

Reorganisation of British India.. Whatever may be the ultimate decision, the Commission Lelieves that the reorganisation of British India on a federal basis will pre- pare the way for it. Apart, alto- gether from any such question, there are very strong reasons for the reconstruction of the Indian constitution on a federal basis, and, the Commissioners state it is only by a federal structure that suffici

nt elasticity can be obtained for union of the elements of diverse internal constitutions and of the communities at very different stages of development and culture.

Provinces Unready for Self- Government.

By reason of their geographical situation and of their ethnological eonposition, certain areas in In- dia have not been brought under the Montague-Chelmsford reforms. As to units of the federation in British India the Commissioners do

not regard the provinces in any way ready for self-government and settling the boundaries as early as they recommend reviewing and re-.

possible.

Meanwhile, the provinces exist

and form the basis on which a federal structure may be built. In the provinces there are certain areas in which reforms have not yet been applied, and these. will find their place in the federation.

Burma in India a Historical

* Accident.

The Commissioners, bowever, think thas Burma which is to-day Jan integral part of British India, should be definitely excluded from the new polity. Its inclusion in India is a historical accident and when an endeavour is being made to lay down broad lines of advance towards an ultimate goal, an op- [portunity should be taken to break la union which "does not rest on Frommon interests. The devolution schemes recommended by the Com- migeioners aims at giving the maxi mum of provincial autonomy con sistent with the common interest of India as a whole.

Abolition of the Dyarchy. This means the abolition of the dyarchy, for it is the essence of the ystem that while certain depart- ments were transferred to the con- trol of Ministers the reserved side of the administration was still car- rřed on under the superintendence of and directed and controlled by the Central Government: Each Province Mistress In Her Own House.

Each province should be, as far as possible, mistress of her own

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"THE RETURN OF SHER-

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Because of the public interest in house. Thus independent life will the unusual, Paramount has, pro- duced an all-talking picture center. be given to the provinces which will form the nucleus of the new

ing about the best-known crimino- federal structure.

logist ever created by the pen of man. He, of course, is the master- mind of Baker Street, the uncanny Sherlock Holmes

It is proposed that in future the progress of these grent areas ahould be entrusted to units of the Government responsible to legisla- tures elected on an extended fran- chise.

The scope of the suggested changes is explained in the other part of the Report.

In this latest Paramount produc! tion, titled "The Return of Sher- lock Holmes" Clive Brook, the dis- tinguished English actor, portrays the role of Sherlock Holmes. His quietly restrained performance is one of the most believeable he has ever given to the screen, bringing: conceived by Conan Doyle.

TRAIN WRECKING ATTEMPT to life the Holmes as originally

IN SIAM.

PENANG-BANGKOK EXPRESS

IN DANGER.

Only the vigilance of the driver prevented the International Ex- press, which arrived in Bangkok from Penang on June 14 from being wrecked.

While going through Siamese territory the driver noticed in front of him, lit up by his searchlight, a pile of-stones and small logs of wood on the line.

The train was stopped and the

gone ouly a little way after re- starting when another pile of stones wa met. This was cleared and the train, arrived at Bangkok two hours late

This attempt to wreck the train is being investigated by the police.

In support of Clive Brook are E. Reeves-Smith, noted actor, of the legitimate stage, as Dr. Watson; Harry T. Morey as Moriarity, the master criminal; Betty-Lawford, the charming heroine of Gentlemen of the Press," Donald Crisp and Phillips Holmes.

"The Return of Sherlock Holmes" was directed by Basil Dean, con- sidered one of the foremost directors of the English speaking stage. Mr. Dean was imported by Paramount especially for this picture because of his familiarity with the subject. The Return of Sherlock Holmes"

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