1930-06-02 — Page 9

1

"

SITUATION IN INDIA. CONFLICT IN INDO

COMMUNAL OUTBREAKS

FEARED.

DACCA HINDUS PANICKY.

(THROUGH REUTER'S 'AGENCY.}

DACCA, June 1,

In view of a recrudescence of the communal outbreaks, many Hindus are departing in panic.

CHINA.

THREE KILLED AND TWO WOUNDED.

DEMONSTRATORS WITH "RED"

SYMBOLS,

(THROUGH REUTER'S AGENCY.]

PARIS, May 31.

Fresh trouble has broken out in

Hinda shops have not opened in French Indo-China, the casualties spite of the efforts of the peace" being three killed and two wound

committee.

Salt Raid Repulsed.

DHARASANA, May 31." Mounted and foot police repulsed a determined salt raid by followers were of Gandhi, of whom 106 injured.

Madras Police Arrest Volunteera,

*1.

VEDERANYAM, May 31.

The Madras police bave taken possession of Satyagraha's camp and arrested 13d volunteers and all the inmates of the central camp.

Police Cordon Rushed,

BOMBAY, June 1. Fifteen thousand volunteers rush- ed a police cordor in the course of n final raid on the Wadala salt depot.

The military forces were called in and the raiders driven back.

ed.

ed.

The confict was between the police and 1,000 demonstrators in Chomoi, 125 miles north-west of Saigon.

The demonstrators, brandishing bamboo sticks and native knives, were led by men carrying a banner inscribed "Refuen! to pay taxes."

When the police attempted to ar

rest the banner-bearers the crowd Assumed a threatening attitude. Their response to a warning to desist was a rain of bamboo sticks, upon which the police fired a volley on the demonstrators, who fled.

THE

HONG KONG DAILY PRESS, MONDAY, JUNE 2, 1930.

DRAGON CANTON

BOAT FESTIVAL.

DARING PIRACY AT WARRIORS TAKING

SHANGHAI.

POLICE RAID CHINESE HOTELS.

DEATH OF MR. JACK HARDER.

· [THROUGH REUTER'A AGENCY.]

SHANGHAI, May 31. Mr. Jack Harder died this morn- ing.

10

A LITTLE

REST."

REACTION FOLLOWS THE

SEVERE FIGHTING.

YEN HSI SHAN'S ALLEGED "SECRET" ARRIVAL,

the

GOVERNMENT NOT SYMPATHETIC.

[TROM OUR OWN CORRESPONDENT.)

CANTON, June 1. To-day being the 5th day of the 5th noon of the lunar calendar, Canton is celebrating its annual Dragon Boat Festival.

The military situation on

line remains Lunghai Railway atagnant. The opponents are fas ing each other at Yehchikang, but no serious fighting has occurred

The whole city is en fête. Every during the past few days. They aro taking a little rest due to de- home and shop is feasting over the moralization after the severe fight-ocession, which is one of the four ing last week, when both sides sua major events of the year. No one the Nationalists. On the Tientsin Firs-crackers are being set off all tained heavy losses, more especially is working unless compelled to Pukow Railway line, the Shangsi day long in the homes, on the troops are besieging Tainanfu, the streets and in the temples in bon capital of Shantung, in three direcour of Wat Yuen, who, before dei- tions. There is little change on the fication, had plunged himself into As the Hiver Peilaw and was drowned Peping-Hankow Railway line.

on this day in Kiangnan, to which soft-nosed to the "Ironsides," they are re-

entire ported to have arrived at Changsha, place he was banished by King

the capital of Hunan,

Siang. their prostrate

Mr. Harder was educated at St. Peter's University, Adelaide, and had a fine war record. He was Captain of the Engineers' Company of the Shanghai Volunteer Corps.

Mr. Irvine is in a very serious condition, but there is a slight chance of his recovery. The pirates used bullets, emptying magazines victims.

Mr. Harder's wife and child are believed to be residing in the suburbs of London, and his mother is in America.

the

"

Council

Seventeen Arrests. Shanghai Municipal Probably there were others Police made 17 arrests at Chinese wounded than those picked up who

hotels this morning in connection with yesterday's piracy at Whang-

Twenty-five were slightly wound- were hiding in neighbouring rice

The arrested volunteers include eight Sikh woman, also Mrs. Man- ahi, wife of Mr. Munshi, ex-member of the Assembly, who was taken into custody last year.

Raiders Secure Quantity of Salt. LATER.

A number of the raiders succeed ed in securing quantities of salt.

The raiders were called off at one o'clock by a bugle-call being sound- ed by members of the Congress.

Forty arrests were effected, ia- eluding 1, worien.

Military Fire on Mob.

PESHAWAR, June 1. Seven were killed and nine wounded when the police and mill- tary were compelled to fire ön a mob which attacked them following the accidental discharge of a sol dier's rifle, whereby a woman was wounded and her two children killed.

fields.

Tracts with the Moscow symbol of a sickle and hammer were found on the dead and wounded demon- atrators.

There was another demonstration in Omon (Cuntho province), where a District Officer was surrounded by 1,600 natives, but he extricated himself by ordering bie men to fire, into the air.

Fifteen men were arrested.

COMMUNISTS ACTIVE IN

KOREA.

BUILDINGS FIRED AND COM- MUNICATIONS DESTROYED.

[H3OUGE REUTER'S AGENCY.]

LONDON, May 31.

A police communique states that a band of Korean Communists bombed and set Sre to the Koreans' PENALTIES OF ORDINANCES.Association buildings, schools and the Japanese Consulates, and des troyed communications and electric. several other towns in Chientao.

Chinese military and Japanese police have driven out the Cum munista.

4

(THROUGH REUTER'S AGENCY.]

SIMLA, May 31, The Viceroy's Ordinances lay down a penalty up to six months imprisonment and fines for various offences.

Picketing legal,

SIMLA, MAY 30. Lord Irwin has issued an Or- dinance to counteract picketing, non-payment of taxes and tamper- Ang with the loyalty of Govern-

enent servants.

Two Ordinances have been issued. by the Viceroy,

"One makes picketing a "pensl offence, while the second makes provision against instigation to the refusal of payment of certain liabilities in connection" with the No-Tax campaign.

poo.

SWEDISH CABINET

RESIGNING.

THROUGH REUTER'S AGENCY.]

STOCKHOLM, June 1.

The Cabinet is about to resign following both Chambers' rejection of the proposal to raise the duty on imported when't.

.. EDINBURGH UNIVERSITY

CHANCELLOR.

[BRITISH WIRELESS SERVICE]

RUGBY, May 31.

The following Chinese cables give Every temple in the city to-day the details of latest conditions on doing a roaring business. All the priests arose at an unusual all the fronts.

Yen Hsi Shan is reported to havely early hour to receive their cus secretly arrived at Tehchow, on the tomers and to invoke for them the border of Northern Shantung, to blessings of the gods and goddesses. direct his troops in order to cap- Countless numbers of people are ture Tsinaafu, which is now in a thronging auch summer resorts as state of siege. Many foreign re- Lai Chi Wan and the Tungshan sidents have evacuated the city and beach, where aquatic performances, taken shelter in Tsingtao. By Yen's including a dragon boat regatta, order, the Hozanese troops under are being held. The dragon boats Shih Yu San bave been rushed froth Western Shantung to assist in the attack on Tsinanfu from the west..

Floating Corpses.... There was an exchange of gun- fire across the Yellow River during the past few days. Many corpses have been seen floating on the

river.

Two Shansi divisions are attack ing Chowtsun, on the Kiaochow- Tsinanfu Railway line, in Shan- tung. The Red Spears on this rail- way have been recently bought over" by Yea, at whose order, they are to attack Tsemeihsien. Com munication on this railway conse quently has been interrupted.

are

have

have been practicing for the contest for the last few days, and it is a sight to ase these carrow, dragon- like watercrafts manned by 100 sua tanned people skimming the waters of Chu Kinng.

The Government is not in the least sympathetic with the merry- makers, declaring that with the. passing of the lunar calendar there is no need for such a festival.

All the Government offices are open as usual-to-day,

CANTON COMMUNISTS

ARRESTED.

UTMOST SECRECY MAIN- TAINED.

L

【PROM OUR OWN CORRESPONDENT.]

CANTON, June 1. A number of Communist ren- dervous has of late been discovered and raided in Canton.

Large quantities of seditious literature have been unearthed, and over 100 arrests have been made.

It appears that the Communists other upheaval.

Feng Yu Hsiang has ordered his troops on the Lunghai Railway to advance by another direction to attack Kweiteh. on the border of Eastern Shantung. The Nation- alists

reported to retreated SIR JAMES BARRIE ELECTED fend the place. It

to Ningling to de- is reported that a number of foreign military experts are directing the Nation alists on this sector. During the week-end, 30 feld-guns, 50 tanks, a great number of poison-gas bombs taken to the front from Hauchow On Friday last, 1,000 more wounded troops were taken to Nanking by

The Nanking Military Beading maintained, and the public is quarters have flatly denied the re- not permitted to know anything port tha Chiang Kai Shek was about the matter. wounded in the arm and that he has been taken to Nanking secretly by acroplane. It is declared that Chiang has been directing military affairs at Hsuchow and Kweiteh.

DRAGON" BOATMEN

DROWNED.

TRAGIC MISHAP ON PEARL RIVER.

ROWERS WHO WERE CAUGHT IN SHIPS' BACKWASH.

Over 30 dragon-boat rowers are reported to have been drowned in the Pearl River, according to the Chinese Press.

EPSOM DERBY.

CALCUTTA TURF CLUB SWEEP.

(THROUGH RECTER'S AGENCY.]}

CALCUTTA, May 31, The following are the Derby Sweep numbers drawn this even- ing.

It is understood that the nom de plume "Adeck" has drawn a horse, and one of the three Diolite chances was drawn by a Calcutta

yndicate.

LATER.

It is understood that these 'nam- bers represent the favourites, but the names of horses in respect of. During last week, preparations each number will not be available were under way by the various until to-morrow:-

the time-honoured HQ133, GH7820, GH343, DT:338, villages for Boat Festival (June 1). Practices JM6809, 03723, KLG190, TT. dragon-boat race or the Dragon-J7198, HQ0132, HM200 GB5016, were held for the race by the populace of the Tong Ha Village, not far from Canton, on Thursday last, when two scamers, said to be from Hong Kong, were passing by The steamers are said to have steamed at full speed, leaving a back- wash as a result of which several dragon-boats were sunk. The steam ers, instead of stopping to do rescue work, are alleged to have steamed Away. Over 60 boatmen were saved and 30 are reported missing. Up to the time of writing, 10 corpses have been picked up. The villagers in tend to bring a lawsuit against the two steamers in question.

Dragon-boat racing some years ago was prohibited by the Canton authorities in view of the fact that frequently gave rise to disputes, the competition among the villages

often resulting in serious clas fighting, Wthin recent years, the race has been allowed to be held "under the surveillance the

authorities.

CHIANG KAI SHEK UNHARMED.

(THROUGH RESTER'S AGENCY.}

NANKING, May 31. The report that Marshal Chiang Kai Shek was wounded is officially denied.

It is stated that the Generalis- simo is still leading the National forces.

The Government is satisfied with the progress of the campaign and is confident regarding the outcome

Heavy Fighting Reported.

PERING, May 31. Reliable foreign reports state that the Naoking front in the vicinity of Lungbains through Paitangchen.

아

It is understood that, the follow ing are some of the numbers drawn for the leading horses in the Derby-

Diolite, J08791; Kustom Pasha, GH1020, GH2018 or CF9618; Strong- how, GT80, GTS113, WZ-1960; Silver F0298, JKS-100; EF204; Ballyferis, Flare, GS3423, Caerleon,

KL73, BB165,

STRONGBOW SCRATCHED.

LONDON, May 31. Strongbow was scratched for the Derhy at 12.30 to-day.

PREVIOUS CALL-OVER. According to a cable of May 30," the following was the call-over at the Victoria Club:-

3 to 1 agst Diolite, t. and o.. 6 to agst Rustom Pasha, o.; 13

to £ t.

100 to 8 agst, Silver Flare, o.

100 to 6 igst. Trews, o.; 100 to 7 t 100 to 7agst. Ballyferia, o. 100 to 6agst. Noble Star, o. ; 20 to 16.

१०.

20 to 1 agst Caerleon, t. and 6. 20 to 1 agst Iliad, and o. 20 to 1 agst Blenheim, o. 25 to 1 agst. Scout II., o.

28 to 1 agst Parenthesis,-

HIS "MAJESTY.

ON ROAD TO COMPLETE RECOVERY.

THROUGH RYUTER'S AGENCY.]

Losnos, May 20. His Majesty King George is

the

plants at Yonki, Lungchingteun and author, was yesterday elected Chan- / and many band grenades have been are again trying to bring about an proceeding on the Peping-tankow well on the road to complete re-

ZEPPELIN DAMAGED.

[REUTER'S AMERICAN SELVIOR.]

NEW YORK, May 31. The Graf Zeppelin has arrived at Lakehurst.

LAKEHURST, May 31.

It is learnt that the airship Graf Zeppelin was damaged in the course of its fight from Pernambuco to

Lakehurst.

Nevertheless, the Viceroy points Both Ordinances will be applied out that it is unlawful to enforce in the Bombay Presideneyimimeviews "by coercive effect and fear." diately.

He also condemns "unscrupulous efforts to induce Government ser Resolution Recalled. The Ordinance against the in-vants to resign their posts and fail stigation of refusal of payment of in their duty, and to attempt to

boycott Government servants. certain liabilities is entitled, "The Unlawful Instigation Ordinancé, 19:30,"

The Viceroy points out that the Ordinance will not be used to im A statement issued with the Pede or interfere with legitimate Ordinance refers to a resolution efforts in the movement for the passed by the All-India Congress furtherance of indigenous enter- the 18th instant calling on all prise, nor in connection with any classes to make a supreme effort to genuine non-political labour dis attain their goal, and continue the pute. struggle with redoubled vigour during Gandhi's incarceration; also to inaugurate a campaign of non- payment of taxes, to intensify the salt and liquor campaigns, and to boycott British commercial in- stitutions.

It

Viceroy's Appeal. The statement says:-Clearly no Government can contemplate the, non-payment of its dues. emphasises that the Ordinance will be confined strictly to prevent the instigation and pursuance of a political movement to refuso pay- ments lawfully due.

The Cotton Crop.

BOMBAY, May 31. The local Cotton Brokers Asso- ciation bas resolved that transao- tions in connection with the cotton crop of 1930-31 should be postponed sine dice

RANGOON HARBOUR

DISPUTE

Conciliation Board's Report.

(THROUGH REUTEE'S AGENCY:]

BANGOON, June 1. The Viceroy concludes by appeal The report of the Conciliation ing for the support of those Board established by the Govern desirous of resisting "a plainment to thrash out the details of threat against orderly progress and the settlement of the dispute he- stable government."

tween the Burmese and Andhra dock workers, which led to the re cent fatal rioting, states that it has been arranged that the stevedores. should employ Burmese and Andhra labour on a 30-30 basis.

Preventing Intimidation. The second Ordinance, entitled, "The "Prevention of Intimidation Ordinance," is directed against picketing, including "various forms of intimidation and molestation," whereby the Indian Congress Party seek to make their will prevail,

A statement accompanying this

Sir James Barrie, the famous cellor of Edinburgh University in succession to the late Lord Balfour. He received 4,582 votes against 2,642 for Lord Linlithgow.

Sir James Barrie graduated, at Edinburgh University.

LONDON-ESTONIA TELE- PHONE SERVICE.

[BRITISH WIRELESS BEDVICK!

RUGBY, May 31. The Postmaster-General has an nounced the establishment from June 2 of a public telephone service between this country and Estonia.

Communication will be limited at first to calls between subscribers in the London telephone ares and subscribers in Reval-

WARDERS ÁTTACK

CONVICTS.

(THROUGH REGTER'S AGENCY.

LONDON (Ohio), May 31. Wardera fired at and killed one out of 48 convicts on the local prison farm, including many convicts who had been transferred from the Columbus Penitentiary as the result of their attempting to break out of prison.

ECHO OF ARAB RIOTS.

DEATH SENTENCES COMMUTED.

[THOUGH REUTER'S AGENCY.]

JERUSALEM, May 31, The High Commissioner has com- muted the death sentences passed on 22 Arabs in connection with the recent riots to life imprisonment.

EARTH TREMOR IN JAPAN. (THROUGH BEUTER'S AGENCY,]

OSAKA, May 31/ The earthquake at Tokyo was not felt at Nagoya, Kyoto, Osaka or Kobe.

Work on the harbour, has been

At Tokyo there was a fairly strong partially resumed this morning, but the majority of the Andhra labour-thake, but so serious damage was

sustained. cra aro still holding out,

Chamber, at

Ordinance points, out that the cou Burma Indian ition

Commerce passed: alleging that the polien allowed armed Burmans to attack unarmed Indians, and disagreeing with the principle laid down by the Govern ment of the compulsory enforce

missent chins, for which auch in timidation is employed is the pre vention of the sale of foreign goods or liquor a

The Viceroy considers it per fectly legitimate" for anyone to ment of any particular labour on urge the use of Indian goods, add the employers demanding immedi-

OBITUARY,

GENERAL HATA,

(THROUGH REDTER'S AGENCY.]

Torro, May 31.

rail.

Wa Pel Fu's How Role.

The Centrul Government has in structed Liu Hsiang, a loyalist gen eral in Szechwan, to attack Wu Pei Fu and his allies, who have been instructed by Yen Hsi Shan to "at- tack Hupeh in order to harass the Nanking troops in the rear.

re-

These arrested outlaws are being ditions. The utmost secrecy ja be- tried under the most exacting con-

11

"Heavy fighting is reported to be Railway line around Linying

covery and will accompany

The Shansi forces in North Shan-Queen to the Toscanini concert at the Albert Hall to-morrow, but it tung are attacking Changkiu, and

has been decided inadvisable for many refugees from Changkiu areHis Majesty to attend the trooping arriving in Tsinaofu."

Martial Law at Hankow.

HANKOW, May 31:

No newspapers in the city is allowed to publish any news of this

It is reported that the Kwangs. sort for fear that it may cause aptroops under Li Teung Jen, after a prehension to the general populace.

of the colour on his birthday, June 3, which would involve two hours' astride his horse.

*RECEIVES DELEGATES..

(BRITISH WIRELESS. SERVICE. }'

EUGBY, May 30 H.M. King George to-day receiv

With the timely discovery of these spectacular advance, reached Chang- the Nationalist sha yesterday. plots, the authorities are again.com-

troops retiring without resistance. pelled to adopt precautionary

The Wuhan authorities are ex- measures to insure the city against editing defensive works, particu anything untoward.

larly south of Wuchang, and recalled at Buckingham Palace the dele inz all available, troops.

gates to the Congress of British Numerous bandit armies compli- Empire Chambers of Commerce," cate the situation.

It was His Majesty's first official of ceremony since his attack rheumatism prevented him from attending Court on Tuesday and Wednesday.

Extra police contingents have been dispatched cut to the streets to aid in the preservation of law and order.

'Buses and other motor lorries are

'HINDENBURG LIBEL ACTION.

(THROUGH EEUTER'S AGENCY.]

BERLIN, May 30...

It is believed that these armies are organised by the same, Soviet agents who were present in 1927. Some have been recognised in the district.

Martial law has been declared in Harkow.

PRINCE DESCENDS TIN MINE.

-1 · "

No official statement about King. George's health was issued to-day, but it is understood that the rheumatic trouble continues to im prove.

་་

IMPERIAL PRESS

CONFERENCE.

On the Peping-Hankow Railway often stopped and searched for line, fighting has continued in illicit firearms.. Pedestrians show Honas. After the capture of Hsuing the slightest suspicion are sub- cheng, the Nationalists pucked injected to the same treatment. But two directions towards Haincheng, so far no trouble of any sort has with Chengchow as their objective. cropped up. An official report from Hankow states that the fall of Est- chang

"due. Wag

to the treat of the troops under Fez Chung Hsin without resistance and that Tica Chin Kai, a Kuominchun, general, had a narrow escape. The report anda that the enemy troops under Chang Wei Sai, have been badly beaten and that over 20 A libel action, in which Presi- senior military officers were among dent Hindenburg is plaintiff and the war prisoners taken by the the National Socialist, Herr Goeb- Nationalists.

bels, is defendant, opened in an The Central Government has been excited atmosphere to-day greatly perturbed by the menace of It relates to an extremist news- the "Ironsides," who are expect- ed to give the Nationalists in paper article by Herr Goebbels the Yangtze Valley considerable vehemently attacking the Presi trouble Rumours are rife in Han- dent's attitude to the Young Plan and accusing President Hindenburg kow that the Ironsides" have ar rived on the outskirts of Changsha, of undue friendship, to Jewish and the Hunan capital. The attitude of Marxist advisers, It was surmount Ho Chien, the Hunan Governor, ised by a caricature of the Président the extraction of tin from the ore | ed at a luncheon of welcome next

headed The saviour looks on."

Counsel for the defence unsuc cessfully demanded the withdrawal of two Jewish Judges.

LATER.

Herr Goebels was fined 800

obscure Many Nanking troops have been rushed to Hunan capital. The attitude of Ho Chien, the Hunan Governor, is obscure. Many Nanking troops have been rushed to Hunan from Wucháng (capital of Hupeh) and curfew has been declar- Marks.

The public Prosecutor pointed od in Wuhan (Wachang, Hankow and Hanyang). The populace of out that 24 libel actions are pend- Wuhan are greatly apprehensive. ing on behalf of President Hinden It is understood that Chiang Kai burg. Back has dispatched Liu Wen Tao, to Changsha to urge Ho Chien to dispatch troops to pursue the “Ironsides." Chiang has also in structed Lui. Ti Ping, the Kiangsi Governor, to take precautions BETWEEN LOS ANGELES AND against the possible invasion of

BERLIN. Kiangs by the Ironsides and to rush troops to Hunan to co-operate

WIRELESS PHONING

FROM PLANE.

to gropiros TEBOU REQUER'S AGENCY

and when necessary,

Sitting on the Fence. Chang Hauch Liang, the ruler of Manchuria, has still not taken a definito stand in regard to the situa tion. It is reported that he has re A message from Dairen announces cently dispatched delegates to Nan ing nor have I anything but reate compensation for innocent auf spect for the preachers of tem ferers from the riots, and asking the death of General Hats, Com-king and Chibchischwang to inter perance."

the Indians not to send further mander of the Japanese Garrison view Chiang Rai Shek and Yen Hei

Shan urging a truce. Tabour to Burna.

in Kwangtung Lensed Territory.

(Continued on next Column.)"

haun Max We Professor Von Karmant, of the Technical High School, Aix-la Chapelle, whilst flying in an aero plane over Los Angeles, conversed for ten minutes by wireless tele phone with Herr Milch, Director of Lufthansa in Berlin

Herr Milch used an ordinary telephone in his offoe,

KEENLY INTERESTED IN WORKINGS..

[BRITISH WIRELESS SERVICE.]

RUGBY, May 30, The Prince of Wales to-day went down 400 feet deep in a tin mine near Helston, in Cornwall

Wearing overalis, he was taken

down the shaft in a cage worked by electricity and walked through the workings of the mine, having to stop in places to negotiate tun

The process of excavation and

nels.

was explained to His Royal High

ness..

As Duke of Cornwall, the Prince draws a revenue from the tin mines of his Duchy, and he was very interested in all he saw.

SCHOOL LEAVING AGE FINANCIAL RESOLUTION

PASSED.

NOTEWORTHY LUNCHEON NEXT WEEK,

[BRITISH WIRELES) SERVICE"}

RUGBY, May 30, The proprietors and editors, of most of the important newspapers

of the Empire are now assembled in London for the Imperial Prem Conference. There has not been a gathering of this character for nearly twenty years.

The delegates will be entertain

Tuesday in Westminster Hall,

Additional interest will be given to the occasion by the fact that it is the first luncheon to be given in Westminster Hall since the King's

Coronation," where representatives of the Dominion Parliaments who attended the Coronation were gularly entertained.

The Speaker of the House of Commons will preside, and the Fre mier, the Chancellor of the Exche quer and the leaders of the other political parties will welcome the delegatca,

UNEMPLOYED IN GERMANY RELIEF FOR TWO MILLION

**** (THRGEGN REUTER'S AGENCY,]

BERLIN, May 300 The Minister of Labour has an nounced that two tuilliards of Marks must be found by the Reichstag to relieve the unemploy

{THROUGH IKUTRE'S AGENCY.]

LONDON, May 30 The House of Commons, by 228 votes to 109, passed the financial resolution in connection with the

tu who having from 14 to 15.

The President of our of Education said the cost of raising the age was estimated at £2,500,000, of which 84 per cent would fall on the Exchequer and the remainder on local authorities.

Ch The proposed maintenance led.. lowances for the children of poor parents would cost £3,000,000.

He stated that there are DOW 2,000,000 out of work in Germany.