1929-07-16 — Page 1

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式拜雞 日陸拾柒年九廿百九仟臂英

THE MARSHALS OF FRANCE.

THE END OF A LONG AND ILLUSTRIOUS LINE."

THE OFFICE AND ITS STORY.

ROSE AND RESTAURANT FAME.

Dousins du 'Boy.

Rumour has recently been busy in blue cap were also, it will be re- I were Berthier, Murat. Mongey, Paris with the names of several embered, the only badzes of rank Jourdan, Masséna. Augereau, Ber

in the field uniform of French nadotte, Soult, Brane. Langes. generals who, it was said, would general during the war to replace Mortier. Ney, Davoust, Bessieres. probably very soon be made Marthe gorgeous gold oak leaves of Kellerman, Lelebvre (the husband lot Madame Sans-Gène), Perignon, shals of France-Marshals be Peace time. aoted, and not Field Marshals, for

Sérurier. In later years he added Perrin, Macdonald, "Oudino:... Mar- the later has never been the anne The rank of Maréchal de France mont. Suchet, Gouvion-Saint-Cyr, for the highest rank in the French dates back to François I, but it

Poniatowski. Every one of them army, writes the Observer's Paris was not then the highest in the

has sothe street or square in Paris earrespondent. There were to be

acy, Above the Maréchaux was

named after him. two such appointments." It was the Connétable, and it was only taken generally for granted that when this one high dignitary was General de Castelnau would fill one.abolished by Louis XIII. in 1697. Several distinguished soldiers were that the Maréchaux had ne higher mentioned for the other. An end rank above them. Even in the time has been put to these rumours by of François I they were, however, the announcement that the Govern already, sufficiently important, for mat had decided to confirm its they were officially described as previous decision to make no more contains du roy, and were appointed Marshals and to allow the title to for life.

disappear by nxtination'

It had, indeed, virtually dis appeared before the war. Although the Loi des Cadres of 1973 had technically kept alive this high rank, and made it part of the Army of the their very young Republic, no promotions were snade to that rank. Indeed, the law in questión declared that a further law would define the conditions under which the honour would be conferred. In 1914 that further law had never yet been passed.

The War Marshals.

Between the First Empire and 1014 there were 38 but to-day few Molitor, Lohan, Bugeaud. Exel are remembered except those like

mans, and Bosquet, who gave their to a rose; Bazzine. for his surren- names to streets; Niel, who gave his der; and MacMahon, for his poli tial rather than his military im portance. Grouchy and Canrobert can, however, still-strike a military note in the memory.

Some Earlier Marshals In other centuries you will find. among a very large number of Mar- shag, La Tour d'Auvergne, who was a bere and died in 1973; Jaequea de FitzJames; dar de Berwick, who was Marlborough's opponent; the Coma de Sases and even a certain Pierre de Montesquiou; Comte d'Artagnan who was appointed in 1709 and died in 1725.

During the seventeenth century the number of Maréchaux was fixed at swelve, and remained so during. the time of Louis XIV. and the victories of Condé and Turenne, It still stood at this figure, indeed. when the Marshals were abolished at the Revolution. When Napoleon revived them, he put the limit at sixteen, not including senatora. Under Louis-Philippe this number was much reduced, and the law of 1839 cut it down to six in time of peace and twelve in war. This law', also laid it down" that only a There was also the Marshal and The war, however, created a feel-Division could be made a Marsha, courtier of Louis XV., who succeed- general of the rank of Général de Prince de Soubise, the accomplished ing in favour of the revival of the and that he must have commanded, ed in attaching himself to Madame Maréchalat which was irresistible, in face of the enemy, either an andi five generals were created

de Pompadour and later to Madame Marshals of France. This number my or an army corps composed Du Barry. His name will long bo

and of several divisions of different remembered in history in was afterwards increased to six by arms, cavalry, infantry, and artill-restaurant menus, where it stands the posthumons appointment of General Gallieni, the gallant dry. It was the fact that the late for a sauce of mashed onions and General Sarrail, possessed these butter. His military defeats, especi- fender of Paris, and the hero of qualifications which prompted his ally that of Rossbach, were more the dramatic and sudden transport political friends in the Radical important than his victories, and of "troops by taxicabs behind the French line, from one critical point

gave occasion "for the words which to another. Of those six men, three

the devil is my army? It was there were put into his mouth: Where are still alive. Joffre, Petain, and Lyautey. Foch, Gallieni, and Fran

yesterday morning. Has somebody ehet d'Esperey-who

taken it or can I have mislaid iti mander-in-chief of the Allied armies

For the rest. you can find the portraits of most of these earlier in the Near East-are dead.

Marshals of France in the Salles des Maréchaux, the series of rooms at Versailles in

which Louis- Philippe hung pictures which he had painted of all the holders of the office of whom any likeness had survived. There was also a Salle des Maréchaux in the Palace of the Tuileries, where Napoleon III as sembled portraits of the Marshala of Napoleon I.; but as the Tuileries Palach was burnt down by the Com. collection. mene in 1971, you will not find that

was

COIN-

party nad the admirers of his military talents to suggest that be be made a Marshal after his death, in the same way as Gaflieni.

The Napoleonic Age.

If the rank dates back to Francis the First, the name is itself much There are three men still living, alder. The maréchal was a servant therefore, who have still the right charged with the care of horses, to carry, in uniform, the baton, or and that connotation of the word staff, covered with bright blue still survives in the language in velvet, ornamented with gold ends the maréchal ferrant, who is the and powdered with gold stars. shocsmith. or village blacksmith, Under the ancient régime the stars and the maréchal des logis, who is, were feurs de ly. When Napoleon, a principal non-commissiolled officer in 1901, revived the Marédialat, in the cavalry. It was is the which bad been abolished in 1791 ocupants of posts in the Royal at the Revolution, the fleur de lysstatiles that the Marshals of France weare the symbolic bers of the were originally appointed to assist. Emperor, and the Marshals them the Connétable, whe was in prin- selves were called Maréchaux cipal charge of those stables, and d'Empire, instead of Maréchaux de i was only later that they and the France. The old title "appeared Connétable became high military again, however, in 1914. Under commanders. The same sense of the Louis Philippe, the stars appeared word, 'as having to do with horses, on the baton for the first time, for is to be found in mari chaussée, the the Citizen King was not fond of bodies of soldiers on horseback who the fleur de ly. The Marshals of kept order for the King all over Napoleon III, had eagles on their the country and later became the bacons, but those of the Great War, gendarmerie. the next to be appointed, returned to the democratic stars. Sinall stars on the sleeve and on the sky

There Were riso Marshals who are still remembered, some other though not entirely, for their military exploits. Gilles de Retz, one of the faithful adherents of Joan of Arc, and Marshal at the age of twenty-five-there were Mar- sadla helore François Premier. though he made the title official- later became such a terrible person Most French schoolboys can give that it was be whose crimes suggest the list of the Marshals whomed to Perrault the character of Napoleon ereated in 1904. They Bluebeard.

Diary of Coming Events,

To-day. (July 18.)

Queen's Theatre: "A Thief in the Dark"

World Theatre: "The American Venus."

Star Theatre: "Adventure Mad." Tea Dance: H.K. Hotel, 4.30 Dinner Dances: Repulse Bay Hotel and Peninsula Hotel, 8.30 p.m.

"

.1

Dinner Dance Peninsula Hotel, ! 8.30.

J Tides:-High: 6.15 a.m. and 8 p.m.; Low: 1.51 p.m.

gaze.'

Thursday, (July 18.)

"

Star Theatre: "Steamboat B

Tea Dance: H.K. Hotel, 4.30 p.m. Dinner Dance: Peninsula Hotel, 8.30 p.m.

Tides: High 7.30

and 10.01 p.m.; Low: 12.44. a.m, and

3.00 p.m.

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(July 5.)

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Legislative Council, 30 p.m. Queen's Theatre:

Excese Bag-

World Theatre: "Resurrection."

Golf: Bogey Pool, Fauling, Tides: High: 5.40 ́a.m. and 6.48 Star Theatre: "Steamboat Bill

Lawn Bowls:-Div. I. Police 7. p.m.; Low: 12.53 p.m. and 11.93 Jr."

Tea Dante: H.K. Hotel, 4.30 Kowloon C.C., Craigengower Civil Service, Kowloon Dock p.m.

European Maile:Inward: Lon-p.m. don vid Straits, parcels (Philocte- Dinner Dances: Bepulse Bay Div. IL:

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seilles (Andre Lebon) 9.30 p.m.; Europe vid Siberia (Chenonceaux).

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Wednesday. (July 177) Tennis:-Mixed Doubles Chinese R.C. Kowloon Bowling Green, Kowloon C.C. e. Recreio, Univer

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Queen's Theatre: "A Thief in the Dark."

World Theatre The American enud

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Club, Recreio v. Taikou, Kowloon Tides:-High: 6.55 4.0, and 9.07 C.C. . H.K. Electric, p.m.; Low: 12.03 a.m. and 2.31 p.m. Tennis:-"B" Div.: Bouth China

European Mails:-Iward:

| Europe viá Suez (Malwa),

Friday. (July 19.)

Christian Fellowship Meeting, Helena May Institute, 10.30 a.m.

Hong Kong Football Referees Association (Special meeting) Krovh. Bark Buildings 30 en Queen's Theatre: Excess B

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Star Theatre: "Adventure Mad."'' ¡gage." Tea Dance: HK. Hotel, 4.30 p.m. World Theatre: "Resurrection."

1. Indian R.C.

Queen's Theatre: "Excess Bag. gage.

World Theatre: "Resurrection." Star Theatre: Steamboat Bill Jr."

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